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1763: End of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

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1763: End of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

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On each post, the event must include at least one picture and answer the following questions:

Who was involved?

EX: Britain vs. France (their colonists), and Indigenous tribes

What was the event?

EX: The French and Indian War was a conflict between France and Great Britain over control of North America, particularly the Ohio River Valley. The war was part of a larger global struggle known as the Seven Years' War. Both European powers sought to expand their empires, and the fertile Ohio Valley was key to this expansion. Indigenous tribes were drawn into the conflict, often aligning with the French or British based on their own interests. The war ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, where France ceded significant territory to Britain, reshaping the colonial landscape in North America and setting the stage for future tensions between Britain and its American colonies.

When was the event?

EX: 1756-1763

Where did it take place (can list multiple places)?

EX: New York, Pennsylvania, Canada, and the Ohio River Valley.

Why was this event significant / how did it contribute to Declaration of Independence?

EX: The French and Indian War and its consequences were instrumental in causing a divide between Great Britain and its British colonists. After Great Britain ceded control of western land to the Native Americans, the colonists were outraged that they were now prevented from settling in the western region, causing a rift between the colonists and their mother country. Furthermore, the British victory in the Seven Years' War left them with a massive war debt. To recover costs, they began imposing stricter control and increased taxation on the American colonies, setting the stage for future conflicts.

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Who:

George Grenville, the Prime Minister from 1763-1765

What:

Tax on molasses was decreased from six pence to three pence, however the tax on imported sugars remained the same, and imported rum was banned. Other items such as wine, coffee, textiles, and lumber were banned from being imported from foreign countries.

When:

Passed on April 5, took effect on September 29

Where:

The British colonies in North America

Effect:

New England had a large molasses and rum industry, so the lowered taxes encouraged citizens of the colonies to buy from local business instead of forein countries.

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March 1765: Great Britain passes the Stamp Act

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March 1765: Great Britain passes the Stamp Act

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What:

The Stamp Act, was a direct tax on printed documents (papers, documents, playing cards, wills, deeds, newspapers and more), and the tax was imposed through a stamp on these papers.

Who:

It was the first internal tax the British Empire put on American colonists.

Where:

The act was enforced in Great Britain

When:

It was imposed in March of 1765, two years after the end of the Seven Year's War.

Why:

The act was passed in order to pay for debt caused by the Seven Year's War and fund the soldiers who were still stationed in America.

Effect:

After the tax was presented, American colonists protested this act and argued that only their own had the right to tax them.

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October 1765: Colonists hold the Stamp Act Congress to organize resistance to the act

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October 1765: Colonists hold the Stamp Act Congress to organize resistance to the act

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Who: Colonists protesting against the British

What: A few months after Great Britain passed the Stamp Act, colonists started to protest the act, saying that the Parliament should not be allowed to tax colonists as they have no colonial representation in Parliament.

Where: The British Colonies in North America

When: October 1765

Effect: The Stamp Act was abolished after a lot of resistance from the colonies in 1766. Because the colonies claimed that Parliament should not have the right to tax the colonies if they were not represented, The Declaratory Act was issued, claiming that the king and Parliament had full legislative power over the colonies.

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Who: Britain and America (specifically Boston)

What: The Townshend act was a law passed by the British parliament which taxed imported goods including tea, glass, led, paper, and paint.

When: 29 June 1767

Where: The law was targeted at Boston since that is where the American Customs Board was located.

Why: This law was passed to pay the expenses of governing America. This discouraged America from buying snd importing goods from Britain.

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Townshend Acts High Resolution Stock Photography and Images - Alamy

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Find the perfect townshend acts stock photo. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. No need to register, buy now!

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October 1768 : British troops occupy Boston to enforce taxes and keep local radicals in check (lena)

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October 1768 : British troops occupy Boston to enforce taxes and keep local radicals in check (lena)

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Who : Bostonians vs British troops, and Governor Francis Bernard

What : The British government sent troops to Boston, as the governor at the time, Francis Bernard was struggling to prevent the protests and acts of violence that had been occurring in Boston since the

"Townshend Acts" were passed.

When : October 2nd, 1768-1776.

Where : Boston

why : Because of this event, rather than the troops containing the bostanians, their arrival only heightened the violence and hostility between them. This eventually escalated to the boston massacre on March 5th, 1777, where British soldiers fired into a crowd of angry Bostonians, which only made them more hostile

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who

Bostonians vs. British soldiers

what

after the arrival of British soldiers in Boston, Bostonians and the soldiers relationship became all the more hostile. British soldiers fired into a crowd of aggressive Bostonians, killing 5 and wounding 6, angering the entire colony

when

march 5, 1770

why

There was a lot of unrest in Boston from colonists due to certain acts passed by the British Parliament.

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April 1773: Great Britain passes the Tea Act

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April 1773: Great Britain passes the Tea Act

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Who: Fredrick North, the Prime Minister, American colonies

What: The British Parliament passed the Tea Act, with the intention of trying to help the East India Company from going bankrupted by making their tea have no tax. This meant the East India Company could sell their tea cheaper than the American merchants. The British did not think that the Americans would be angered over this act as the tea tax did not change at all. However, the Americans believed that this act allowed the East India Company to have complete monopoly on the tea trade in America.

When: May 10, 1773

Where: Britain and America

Why: The passing of the Tea Act directly led to cause of the Boston Tea Party. It also escalated the tension between Britain and American colonies. Moreover, not having to pay taxes allowed the East India Company to sell their surplus of tea supplies for cheaper, which resulted in less earnings for other businesses in the colonies.

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December 1773 - To protest the Tea Act, Patriots throw tea into the Boston Harbor. This event is known as the Boston Tea Party. 

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December 1773 - To protest the Tea Act, Patriots throw tea into the Boston Harbor. This event is known as the Boston Tea Party. 

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who was involved:

American patriots disguised as indigenous peoples

thomas Hutchinson (british colonial governor)

what was the event:

342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company thrown from ships into Boston Harbor

Americans were protesting both a tax on tea

the perceived monopoly of the East India Company

when was the event:

December 16, 1773

where did it take place:

Boston Massachusetts

why was this event significant:

intensified resentment towards british rule by reinforcing taxation without representation

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March 1774: Great Britain Passes the Intolerable Acts

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March 1774: Great Britain Passes the Intolerable Acts

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Who: British Parliament, British Colonies

What: The Intolerable Acts were four laws passed by the British Parliament in order to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party. The acts were the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. The Boston Port Act gave permission for the Royal Navy to blockade Boston Harbor, which closed Boston’s port to commercial traffic. The Massachusetts Government Act made the Massachusetts Council appointed by the crown, rather than an election. It also gave the new governor the ability to choose judges and county sheriffs without the Council’s approval. The Administration of Justice Act removed the right to a fair trial by one’s peers, getting rid of the established judicial principle. The Quartering Act made it so the military had access to housing. However, it did not mention the soldiers staying in private homes. Instead, it said to house soldiers in “uninhabited houses, out-houses, barns, or other buildings".

When: March 31, 1774

Where: Boston

Why: The acts stripped away the colonies' system of self-government, and places British control in their government. Having British control in the government also provoked the colonies to declare independence and have self-government.

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Who: John Adams, George Washington, John Jay

What: During the First Continental Congress, Delegates from each 13 colonies except for Georgia, declared that the colonists should have the same rights as Englishmen. In addition, they agreed to form the Continental Association which called for the suspension of trade with Great Britain. They mainly focused on the emphasis of the equality of participants, and to promote free debating. The Congress issued a Declaration of Rights to its loyalty to the British Crown. However they disputed the British Parliaments right to tax it without representation in the parliament. They also called on the colonies to stop importing goods from the British Isles.

When: September 5th, 1774

Disbanded October 26, 1774

Where: Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia

Why: The First continental Congress was formed for respond to the British Parliament's passage of the Intolerable Acts. It aimed to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

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Who?

Thirteen Colonies (John Hancock, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and George Washington)

What?

Delegates meet in 1775 from all of the Thirteen Colonies after the Revolutionary War. The Continental Congress acted as the main governing body for the colonies while establishing the Continental Army with George Washington leading and adopting the Declaration of Independence soon after in 1776. The Second Continental Congress also helped draft the Articles of Confederation.

When?

May 1775

Where?

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Why?

The Second Continental Congress was able to manage the war when creating the Continental Army. While adopting the Declaration of Independence, they were able to declare the colonies' freedom from the rule of Britain.

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1775: The First Military Battles of the American Revolutionary War

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1775: The First Military Battles of the American Revolutionary War

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Who?

Great Britain, U.S. Colonists, Minutemen, Captain John Parket, and British troops

What?

The battle of Lexington and Concord was the first battle of the American Revolution. The British Army set out from Boston to capture Samuel Adams, and jogn Hancock and they also wanted to destroy the American storage of weapons and ammunition. Massachusetts defied the British Authority, and they outnumbered and outfought the Redcoats. This is how Massachusetts earned their independence. The aftermath of the Battle of Lexington and Concord for the colonists ended with 49 killed, 39 were wounded, and 5 were missing. For the British, 73 were killed, 174 were wounded and 26 people went missing.

When?

April 1775

Where?

Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts

Why?

The battle unified the colonies for one cause which encouraged more colonies to join the war effort against Britain and help provide men and resources to fight. The successful resistance by the Massachusetts army showed the colonies' ability to fight back against the British and marked the beginning of the war.

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The First Military Battles of the American Revolutionary War

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1775-1776: The Declaration of Independence

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1775-1776: The Declaration of Independence

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Who:

On June 11, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston agrees to create a statement that declared independence from Britain. The document was written mainly my Jefferson with input and edits from the other writers. The people who signed the Declaration were:  John Hancock (president), Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, and Elbridge Gerry; Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton; William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, and John Penn; Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., and Arthur Middleton; Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll; George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, and Carter Braxton; Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, and George Ross; Caesar Rodney and George Read; William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, and Lewis Morris; Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, and Abraham Clark; Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, and Matthew Thornton; Stephen Hopkins and William Ellery; and Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, and Oliver Wolcott; and Thomas McKean.

What:

The declaration of independence is the founding document of the United States. It finalized the separation of the original 13 colonies from great Britain.

When:

They decided to write to create and write the document on June 11 then it was signed on July 4th. The process to make the document official was a bit longer. On July 9th there was a majority vote from states for separation. Then on July 19th the congress ordered to document to be engrossed. And finally on august 2nd members of the congress approved and signed the official copy.

Where:

The document was signed by members of the congress in the Pennsylvania state house (now in Philadelphia). The Declaration currently lives in the National Archives exhibition hall in Washington D.C.

Why:

This document was created to declare the separation of the US from Great Britain. It was also the start of the complicated system of government that is in place in America today.