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Britain was given control of Palestine ruling through a mandate government

Britain was given the authority of establishing a government that they were had to watch over

Palestinian Arab population was the main ethnic group, they were given the responsibility to govern

Arthur Nalfour promised they would create a new home for Jews and Arabs

"The region chosen was Palestine. This angered and insulted both the Arabs and the Jews. Arabs: This was historically their land that they had predominantly ruled over. Why should they share now? Jews: They want more than a place to live…..they want their own state!" (Israel/Palestine Issue)

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Early Zionist movement

Made up of passionate Jews, actively began to look for a region to create a new Jewish state

Palestine was their preferred region

The Zionists felt Palestine was their true home because their religion began there

"For 3000 years the Jews had been persecuted and had constantly been forced to flee from region to region. The Zionists felt Palestine was their REAL home as it was the birthplace of their religion, with Jerusalem as their HQ" (Israel/Palestine Issue)

Balfour Declaration

Began as a letter

Contents of letter became known as the Balfour Declaration

Arthur Balfour promised a new home for Jews and Arabs

Their "new home" was picked to be Palestine and that infuriated them

Arabs had that land to begin with and Jews wanted their own state

Extreme terrorist groups would fight for land

British Mandate and Immigration

Jews seeking refuge in Palestine were turned away by Britain

Britain closed borders in Eastern Europe

Many Jews were sent back to their deaths which caused hatred towards Britain

Britain felt guilty

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Emergence of PLO and International Roles

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Emergence of PLO and International Roles

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UN Partition and Israel's Declaration

The Arab League thought that Palestine was under threat from the Jewish influx

They supported Palestinian terrorists against the Zionists

Britain handed all control over to the UN

The UN immediately started plans for dividing up Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state

The UN felt that the world had a responsibility to support the Jews following WW2 and the Holocaust

The UN carved up Pasestine, 55% of the land was given to the Jews and 45 for the Arabs

Arabs declared war on Israel because Jews declared their land Israel

Arab-Israeli War and Refugee Crisis

Israel won the war that lasted a year

They won because the USA supported them, they had a do or die mentality and this was their last chance to have this land for good

Arabs was left with the Gaza Strip and the West Bank

Over 1 million Arabs were left as refugees and had to live at camps surrounded by other Arab refugees

One of the poorest regions in the world

Yasser Arafat was Palestinan leader, he got ready for the next war

HAMAS and Hezbohhal came out as terrorists (mostly towards Israel)

"For one, it includes people originally displaced from Palestine between 1946 and 1948, amid the creation of the state of Israel, as well as their children and other descendants" (Migration Policy Org)

Emergence of PLO and International Roles

Goal was to unite Arab groups to create a liberated Palestine in Israel

750,000 Palestinians fleed their homeland after Israel became an independent state

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Armistice Agreements

Saudi Arabia and Iraq took part of the war

Didn't sign anything with Israel

Armistice agreements: interim arrangements until replaced by permanent peace treaties

Palestinian Refugee Situation

About 5.9 million Palestinian refugees lived in the Middle East

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees: younger "refugees"

Number of refugees has been going up for years and continues to

Cold War Influence and Settlements

American policymakers thought that the Soviets wanted to exploit the Arab-Israeli conflict

Wanted to do this to drive the West from the Middle East and take over the region

Nixon administration wanted to end soviet influence

"fearing American dominance and a war with the United States, the Soviets proposed a joint superpower-guaranteed or even imposed comprehensive peace settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict." (academic oup)

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1993: Israel recognizes that the West Bank and the Gaza Strip will eventually belong to Palestine. Plans begin to restore Palestine to the Arabs

Peace plan 2004: George Bush began phasing out Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Plan over the next decade to gradually move out Israeli soldiers and people

2011: Protests mirrored other Middle Eastern nations and the passion of the Palestinians impressed Obama

Full agreement that Palestinians deserve their land (Israel doesn't like that)

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October 7th

Hamas terrorists waged the deadliest attack on Jews

Slaughtering babies, raping women, burning families alive, and taking hundreds of innocent civilians hostage

Since October 7 2023 more than 1,200 Israelis have been killed

Terrorists still hold men and children captive

"When the rockets began raining down over the Gaza-Israel border on 7 October 2023, some revellers at the nearby Nova music festival thought they were fireworks." (the gaurdian)

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Armistice Lines (1949-1967). (n.d.). https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Maps/Pages/1949-1967%20Armistice%20Lines.aspx

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (2024, August 25). Six-Day War. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Six-Day-War

Guardian News and Media. (2024, September 26). Surviving October 7th: We will dance again review – an unflinching, moving account of Hamas’ attack. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/sep/26/surviving-october-7th-we-will-dance-again-review-an-unflinching-moving-account-of-hamas-attack

Nathan Citino, A. M. G. (2023, May 3). Generations of Palestinian refugees face protracted displacement and dispossession. migrationpolicy.org. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/palestinian-refugees-dispossession

Slater, J. (2020, November 19). The Cold War and the Arab-Israeli conflict, 1967–74. OUP Academic. https://academic.oup.com/book/32077/chapter-abstract/267902541?redirectedFrom=fulltext