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Geneva Vanderbilt-Hill

December 19, 2023

202311_HS315_001

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John Joseph "Blackjack" Pershing was born in Laclede, Missouri, on 13 September 1860. Pershing served as the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) commander during World War I 1917-1918. Pershing was well known for his leadership, and organizational skills. His focus and dedication brought him success in many of his accomplishments.

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The family survived the Civil War but was financially ruined in the depression of 1873. John worked on the family farm and, at age seventeen, began teaching at the local African-American school.

Graduated from North Missouri Normal School and briefly served as a teacher.

1882: Entered West Point Military Academy.

1886: Won position of cadet first captain in his senior year and graduated 30th in a class of 77 cadets and was commissioned in the calvary.

Earned the name "Blackjack" being the first lieutenant of the 10th Cavalry, becoming one of the first white officers to command an all-black regiment.

1890: participate in the last great Indian campaign: the Ghost Dance War.

In 1891, Lieutenant Pershing accepted a position at the University of Nebraska as Professor of Military Science and Tactic.

1898: Spanish-American War erupted, and Pershing returned to the 10th Cavalry, and the unit was sent to Cuba, where Pershing led his troops in the assault on San Juan Hill.

1903: Pershing directed the campaign at Lake Lanao in which he led troops through the jungle to an isolated location to disarm the Maciu Moros

August 27, 1915, Frances Pershing and her three daughters—aged eight, seven, and three died in a house fire and only Pershing's son Warren survived.

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General John J. Pershing and His American Army - Documentary Preview

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The first American general is known as a "great managerial commander" of the modern age.

Developed his views of military discipline and the role of commander while attending West Point Military Academy.

Pershing was well-respected but feared among his peers.

build an army almost from pretty much nothing and constructed the organizing, training, and supplying of an inexperienced force that numbered two million.

he was courageous, and bold in his campaigns.

he was fearless in his decision-making.

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Pershing was stationed in the Philippines for three and a half years. he led American forces against several tribes, called “Moros,” who were resisting the United States’ control. President Theodore Roosevelt promoted Pershing to brigadier general Pershing bypassed more than eight hundred senior officers.

Pershing returned to the Philippines for a second tour from 1906 to 1913.

Pershing directed the campaign at Lake Lanao in which he led troops through the jungle to an isolated location to disarm the Maciu Moros. For this success, Pershing was hailed as an American hero upon his return to the States in 1903

Pershing successfully led troops to overtake outlaw Moros in the Mount Bagsak campaign, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.

Pershing successfully led American and French forces in an offensive against the German line in the Saint-Mihiel salient.

Pershing refused and successfully demanded separate camps for his men as well as training by American officers and sergeants.

Pershing updated military training techniques, emphasized physical fitness and started professional schools for officers.

He was promoted to General of the Armies, the highest American military rank, and served as Chief of Staff to the White House until the end of his military career.

Mexican troops attacked U.S. General John J. Pershing. Still, they failed to capture Pancho Villa the Americans suffered 22 casualties, and more than 30 Mexicans were killed.

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John J Pershing's influence on military organization helped create a more modern and strategic way to military procedure although he had many difficulties doing so. He developed the organizations and the training that carried over and was implemented into World War II.

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Gabel, C. &. ((2010)). Great commanders. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat. Retrieved from https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/GreatCommanders.pdf

Historic Missourians. (n.d.). Retrieved from John J. Pershing: https://historicmissourians.shsmo.org/john-pershing/#:~:text=Introduction-,John%20J.,the%20Central%20Powers%20in%201918.

National Park Service. (2022, January 25). Retrieved from John Pershing : https://www.nps.gov/people/john-pershing.htm#:~:text=He%20served%20as%20Chief%20of,started%20professional%20schools%20for%20officers.