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French colonialism in Niger got off to a notorious start with a brutal military campaign to expand France's control of West Africa in 1899.

Over the years, several uprisings took aim at French control, including a Tuareg rebellion in 1916.

It wasn't until August 3, 1960, that Niger finally gained independence.

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-Imperialism had a negative impact on Egypt by the lack of freedom that came from British colonization.

-In 1882, Egypt was acquired by Britain, one of Europe’s greatest powers

-Egypt was impacted by Imperialism at the beginning of the 19th century as a result of Britain’s selfish motivated actions.

-it impacted the country through the development of greater infrastructure.

-Egypt suffered a great loss of freedom and control over its own country.

-British imperialism negatively impacted Egypt through the westernization and loss of culture the nation experienced

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During the decades of imperialism, the industrializing powers of Europe viewed the African and Asian continents as reservoirs of raw materials, labor, and territory for future settlement

Before the Industrial Revolution in the mid-to-late 19th century, demand for oriental goods such as porcelain, silly, spices, and tea remained the driving force behind European imperialism.

Industrialization, however, dramatically increased European demand for Asian raw materials

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https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/The-arrival-of-the-British

The Sokoto jihad and the Yoruba wars stimulated the slave trade at a time when the British were actively trying to stop it.

The palm oil trade was also linked to the Sokoto jihad and the Yoruba wars, because many warriors recognized the importance of slaves not only as soldiers and producers of food to feed soldier.

Many of the slaves exported in the 1820-30s were taken by the ships of the Royal Navy.

The British were not that willing to assume the expense of maintaining an administration in Nigeria.

A consul was maintained at Fernando Po to oversee the lucrative palm oil trade in the region called the Oil Rivers.

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Imperialism in Venezuela by Nicholas Seijas

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Imperialism in Venezuela by Nicholas Seijas

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- In 1522, Venezuela was established as a colony of Spain.
- This European imperialism was marked by harsh treatment and enslavement of indigenous people, often worked on plantations.
- As resources were discovered, slavery expanded beyond the local population
- African slaves were brought into the colony for the purposes of forced labor
- The country was the first colony of Spanish-American
-In 1830 it gained full independence and was recognized as a sovereign nation
- The history of Venezuela is not necessarily unique in regards to resistance to and domination by European imperialism
- Many countries in South and Central America went through the same thing between colonization and independence.

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Imperialism-In-Venezuela-9A8C7B27E46E3471

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On January 1, 1914, Governor Lord Frederick Lugard merged Northern and Southern Nigeria, creating the Nigeria Colony and Protectorate.

Forty-six years later in 1960, Nigeria became an independent state.

Their Niger River played a important role in Britain’s trade and resources.

After the Berlin Conference, Britain got control of the Niger River delta and the Royal Niger Company took over the palm-oil trade.

In 1914, the British claimed the entire area of Nigeria as a colony.

Nigeria was one of the most culturally diverse areas in Africa.

In Nigeria, there were about 250 ethnic groups with the Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo being the largest.

Britain took over Lagos in 1861 and established the Oil River Protectorate in 1884.

The British gained more influence in the Niger area in the 19th century but they didn’t fully occupy it until 1885.

Other European powers acknowledged Britain's dominance over the area in the 1885 Berlin Conference.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Nigeria-as-a-colony

~Jasmin

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Ava Citron

By the turn of the 20th century, the map of Africa looked like a huge jigsaw puzzle, with most of the boundary lines.

Before 1880 colonial possessions in Africa were relatively few and limited costal area, with large sections of the coastline and almost all the interior still independent.

Africa was then almost entirely divided into spreads territories that were under the administrations of European nations.

In Africa Germany made its first major bid for membership in the club of colonial powers. Germany announced its claims to territory in South West Africa, Togoland, Cameroon, and part of the East African coast opposite Zanzibar.

BeLiguria, Italy,Portugal, and Spain once again became active in biding for African territory.

There was a fight and rivalry for the territory so the attention increased to get more military equipment like buffer zones.

Rifles, machine guns, and other advances in weaponry gave the small armies of the conquering nations and the effective power to defeat the much larger armies of the people of Africa.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Western-colonialism/Partition-of-Africa

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On January 1st, 1914, a governor by the name of Lord Fredrick merged south Nigeria together with north Nigeria. They then created the Nigeria Colony. Later in 1960, Nigeria then became its own independent state. Something that formed a huge role during this time was the Niger River. A lot of trade was done through here.

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They where imperialized by Britain in 1822

The British wanted Egypt because they could have grater access to the sues canal

They also wanted Egypt because of oil

They allowed existing government remain in place but they had to listen to British rule

Additional research links

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Egypt held particular interest for Victorians as a strategic gateway to the Orient. The first Arabic-speaking country to experience overlapping colonial encroachments by European powers, Egypt became an autonomous state within the Ottoman Empire under the rule of Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805-1848) and his male successors. From 1852, Britain kept an increased presence in northern Egypt to maintain the overland trade route to India and to oversee the construction of the Cairo-Alexandria railway, the first British railway built on foreign soil. Shortly thereafter, French investors financed the construction of the Suez Canal to connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Isma'il Pasha sold Egypt's shares of the Suez Canal Company to Britain in 1875 in the wake of a financial crisis. Dissatisfaction with European and Ottoman rule led to a nationalist revolt in 1879. The British military occupied Egypt in 1882 to protect financial interests in the country, culminating in a violent war. Britain won, restored the Khedival authority in Cairo, and established a 'veiled protectorate' over Ottoman-Egypt until the First World War. The British occupation saw an increase in archaeological fieldwork, tourism, and irrigation projects to boost Egypt's cotton production and exportation. Egypt declared independence in 1922, although Britain did not withdraw all its troops until after the 1956 Suez Crisis.

This political cartoon features John Bull as a British soldier physically protecting Egypt, who is depicted as the sexualised female object of Orientalist fantasy, passively leaning into Bull's arms. The Turkish Sultan pleads with Britain 'to consider whether the time has not now arrived for her return to the arms of her loving uncle.' Victorians regularly played with gendered tropes to portray Britain as a masculine and heroic saviour, Egypt as feminine and frail, and the Ottoman Empire as weak and in decline. The scene unfolding in front of the Sphinx reflects the appropriation of Egypt's ancient past during the British occupation of the country.

The Anglo-Egyptian War lasted from May to August 1882. The Illustrated London News provided sketches every week to keep British audiences updated. This image followed the final conflict at Tell el Kebir which killed 2,000 Egyptians and resulted in the surrender of Colonel Ahmed 'Urabi's army. As in iconographic propaganda by the pharaohs showing defeat of their foreign enemies, British forces were represented as victorious on the battlefield to justify their interference.

British imperial interests ensured that Egypt received a great deal of anthropological attention. The colonial agenda determined Egyptian inferiority according to universal hierarchies of race. Orientalists used the 'comparative method' to study the ancient and modern inhabitants of the country, treating Egyptian peasants as passive objects of observation and classification, much like artefacts. This image is from a special series published at the height of the Anglo-Egyptian war entitled 'Egypt as it is,' which often objectified locals by placing them next to ancient ruins. It shows Egyptian Bedouin, who often escorted tourists up the pyramids, 'anxiously looking out, beyond Cairo, for the approach of the British Army.'

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Egypt held particular interest for Victorians as a strategic gateway to the Orient. The first Arabic-speaking country to experience overlapping colonial encroachments by European powers, Egypt became an autonomous state within the Ottoman Empire under the rule of Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805-1848) and his male successors.

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Japan colonized Korea

Korean was a forbidden after Japan colonized it

over 200,000 Korean books were burned, which wiped out the history of Korea

100,000 Japanese families moved into Korea

Japan chopped down trees and replaced them with foreign trees

Korean architecture was destroyed or turned into tourist attractions for Japanese visitors

Japan made Koreans worship their gods and war heroes

Korean men were forced to fight in WWII

The USA captured Korea and split it into North and South Korea, ending Japanese imperialism

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By Brooke Parfitt

- European powers divided Africa, starting with coastal areas and eventually taking over most of the continent.

- Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain were all part of the race for African territories.

- The competition led to concerns about military presence and the need for protected markets.

- Technology, like repeating rifles and machine guns, played a role in this era of imperialism.

- European powers, such as France and Great Britain wanted to control African territories for various reasons, including resources, trade routes, and geopolitical influence.

- The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 formalized the division of Africa among European powers, disregarding African sovereignty and leading to artificial borders that still impact the continent today.

- Technological advancements, such as steamships, telegraphs, and firearms, played a significant role in facilitating European colonization by providing faster communication, transportation, and military superiority.

- The "Scramble for Africa" resulted in the exploitation of African resources, forced labor, and the imposition of European political and social systems, leading to long-lasting consequences for African nations.

- Resistance movements, such as the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, emerged as Africans fought against colonial rule and the loss of their independence.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Western-colonialism/Partition-of-Africa

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In the mid to late 19th century, the European powers colonized much of Africa and Southeast Asia. During the decades of imperialism, the industrializing powers of Europe viewed the African and Asian continents as reservoirs of raw materials, labor, and territory for future settlement. European colonization of Africa was motivated by various reasons, including economic exploitation, strategic interests, religious and cultural motivations, and national pride.Imperialism disrupted traditional African ways of life, political organization, and social norms. European imperialism turned subsistence farming into large-scale commodity exports and patriarchal social structures into European-dominated hierarchies and imposed Christianity and Western ideals.

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By Chandra Nerella

• In the years of mid late 19th century, the European colonies had colizined most of Africa and the South East.

• All of Europe during the decades of imperialism had only used Africa and Asia continents as reservoirs for Raw materials, labor, and territory for future settlements.

• There were many countries that imperialized Europe, there were seven continues, those were Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium and Portugal .

• Britain colonized Africa because it was easy to, they had extremely superior weapons, boats, army, and technology was far more evolutionary than any other colonies.

• The cause for imperialism in Africa was for its resources and its raw materials.

• After the imperialism Africa’s economy collapsed. It disrupted the African’s way for life, political/social norms, traditions, and many more things.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/asia-and-africa#:~:text=In%20the%20mid%20to%20late,and%20territory%20for%20future%20settlement.

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In the photo above, it shows the Dutch’s control and power of the Indonesian territory. 

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Indonesian Imperialists : By Adit Dasari

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Indonesian Imperialists : By Adit Dasari

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The Dutch first settled in Indonesia after the fall of the Mataram Empire. The Dutch United East India Company dominated Java.

During the mid- 18th century the Dutch managed to control almost all of the Java territory. However in the new “imperialism” of 19th century, the Dutch saw the other European nations colonizing Africa. However the Dutch expanded east and took the Indonesian terretory as it had lots of economic items and natural resources.

The main reason the Dutch colonized Indonesia was to find a path to connect with America. Over the ears the Dutch made a route that would connect to the Americas.

Some benefits that the Dutch from colonizing Indonesia was sever ants, managers to run estates, and clerks. Eventually the Dutch made a city. The Dutch did not view Indonesia as a property but rather, a home.

Rebellions arose through the Dutch’s control of the land. For example when the Dutch built a road on fields, there was heavy rebellion of protesters.

Due to heavy rebellion and the Japanese army, the Dutch were forced it of Indonesia, and conquered by the Japanese in the year 1942 during World War 2.

Sources :

https://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/politics/colonial-history/item178

https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia/Dutch-territorial-expansion

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The initiation of French colonial rule in Niger was marked with by a harsh military offensive in 1899, aimed at increasing France's dominion over West Africa. Throughout the years, there were numerous revolts against French authority, one notable instance being the Tuareg uprising in 1916. Niger eventually achieved independence from France on August 3, 1960. / jared

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• Hernán Cortés and a small group of Spanish soldiers conquered Mexico in 1521, just two years after they landed near the modern-day city of Veracruz.

•From the reports Cortés sent back to King Charles V of Spain, European audiences were astonished to learn of the existence of rich American empires such as that of the Aztec.

•Between 1530 and 1536 Jalisco and other Pacific coast regions were conquered by Nuño de Guzmán. The Indians of Jalisco rebelled in 1541 but were suppressed after hard fighting in an episode known as the Mixton War.

•In 1598 Juan de Oñate began the conquest of New Mexico, though the Pueblo Indians of the region rebelled in 1680 and were not reconquered until 1694. The Pueblo Rebellion was by no means the only example of resistance. Whenever Spanish excesses were deemed oppressive by indigenous civil or religious leaders, rebellion could follow.

• Spain sent contradictory commands to Mexico, it stimulated rivalries and revolts. The most important local revolt was sparked by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a parish priest in Dolores. On Sept. 16, 1810 the date now celebrated as Mexican Independence Day

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1.- When Europe was imperiling Africa was that Europe built a lot of transportation systems around Africa like roads, railroads and harbors. Many Africans were exploited into working and hard labor.

2.- A positive impact during this time is then when Europe was invading Africa they started t advance there medical and education around Africa so there were many schools that African children and better hospitals were built.

3.- A negative impact to imperialism in Africa is that Europe started to destroy the African culture by making schools only follow European culture and asking cities based on Europe.

Link - https://www.historycrunch.com/impacts-of-european-imperialism-in-africa.html#/

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Europe was first interested in Africa for the trade routes because they wanted to avoid the taxes that were given by the Arab's and the Ottoman Empire in Southeast Asia.

Many European countries

expanded their empires by

establishing colonies in Africa so that they could exploit Africa’s resources. Europeans also wanted to protect trade routes.

• Raw materials like rubber, timber, diamonds and gold were found in Africa.

When Europeans returned to Africa for more resources, they brought back the manufactured goods and sold them to Africans. Africa then became a new market for Europe to sell goods.

Germany made its first bid for membership in May 1884. They then claimed the South West African Territory.

Fun Fact- "France was the one European nation that had established a major beachhead in Islāmic North Africa before the 1880"

tephensonms.dekalb.k12.ga.us/Downloads/European%20Partitioning%20Across%20Africa%20PPT.pdf

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- Austria-Hungary was a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.

- It was formed by the union of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.

- The empire was ruled by Emperor Franz Joseph I, who reigned for over 68 years.

- Austria-Hungary was a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural empire, consisting of many different ethnic groups and languages.

- The empire had a complex political structure, with separate governments for Austria and Hungary, but with shared institutions and a common military.

- Austria-Hungary was a major power in Europe and had a large influence in Central and Eastern Europe.

- The empire faced challenges due to tensions between different ethnic groups, such as the Austrians, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Romanians, Ukrainians, and others.

- Austria-Hungary played a significant role in European politics, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

- The empire was dissolved after World War I, with the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 leading to the creation of several new countries in its former territories.

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between May 1884 and February 1885, Germany announced its claims to territory in South west Africa, Togo land, Cameroon, and part of the East African coast opposite Zanzibar.

Gaining control of the northern part of Africa was complicated, European powers were trying to gain control of the Mediterranean Sea, and the Ottoman Empire exercised a greater or lesser extent over larger sections of the region

Ottoman power was leaning in European favor

The course of Egypt’s loss of sovereignty resembled somewhat the same process in Tunisia: easy credit extended by Europeans, bankruptcy, increasing control by foreign-debt commissioners

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The impact that imperialism had on Egypt 

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The impact that imperialism had on Egypt 

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Imperialism had a really bad influence on Egypt

This was due to the little amount of freedom that came from British colonization of the nation

Many people had died and this was because of the revolutionary activities that came from imperialism

Egypt was still part of the Ottoman Empire and when Britain held control of the country Egypt was actually colonized in 1882

From 1882-1956 Egypt was controlled by Britain

Everyone wanted to take over Egypt because of the Suez canal

The lacked in education and and health

Many lives were lost because of the bad health system that they had

Egyptians didn't have freedom

Britain expanded through Egypt by the cotton and light industries

It was impacted in a good way by the development of better infrastructure

The British imperialism impacted Eygpt badly because of the loss of culture the nation experienced

Egypt didn't have control over its own country

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjc4sX_9YGEAxWgmIkEHYcjBJAQFnoECBMQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Fen%2Fwiki%2FEgypt_Colonial_Records%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBritain%2520occupied%2520Egypt%2520from%25201882%2Coccupation%2520(1922%252D1956).&usg=AOvVaw3PBeWkLJi0AtoaRMXlPBsg&opi=89978449

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjc4sX_9YGEAxWgmIkEHYcjBJAQFnoECA4QAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorystuffweb.wordpress.com%2Fimperialism-in-egypt%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DImperialism%2520had%2520a%2520massive%2520and%2Cas%2520a%2520result%2520of%2520imperialism.&usg=AOvVaw2Ln_zLRCngAyNOvluZCvGy&opi=89978449

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India was under British rule, and the British exploited its resources, economy, and people. They also imposed their culture and laws on India. This had a significant impact on India's history and development.

-Imperialism in India began in the 18th century

-The main effects of British imperialism in India were economic exploitation, cultural changes, and political.

-The British brought changes in language, education, and social customs in India during imperialism.

-The social customs in India that were affected included the caste system, dress, and social interactions. Due to the fact that the British had changed the social customs during imperialism

-In 1857 that’s when India began a rebellion against the British and the rule was known as sepoy muntiy

-after the rebellion the British were more derecr when ruling India and had brought western values to India.

-in 1947 the British decided to stop ruling and leave India

https://www.britannica.com/event/British-raj

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Felix

Spanish conquest in the 16th century led to Spanish colonization of Mexico.

Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1812

Frank invaded Mexico in the 1860s during the French intervention.

The United States played role in Mexican affairs, including the Mexican-American war.

Economic imperialism occurred as foreign powers controlled Mexicos resources.

The Mexican revolution in the early 20th century aimed to end foreign influence.

https://www.liberationnews.org/panel-latinamerica-01-us-imperialism-in-mexico-html/