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Othello (Act 1, Scene 1, lines 148-156) 

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Othello (Act 1, Scene 1, lines 148-156) 

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"To be produced, as if I stay shall, against the moor. For I do know the state, however this may gall him with some check, cannot with safety cast him; for he's embarked with such loud reason to the Cyprus wars, which even now stands in act, that, for their souls, another of his fathom they have none to lead their business; in which regard, though I do hate him as I do hell's pains, yet, for necessity of present life, I must show out a flag and sign of love, which is indeed but sign."

In this passage from Othello, Iago states how he will pretend to like Othello but will backstab and betray him for revenge. Iago hates Othello, but in Othello's perception and story, Iago is playing the part of his friend and even his partner.

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"Despise me if I do not: three great ones of the city, in personal suit to make me his lieutenant, off-capped to him; and by the faith of man, I know my price, I am worth no worse a place. But he, as loving his own pride and purposes, evades them with a bombast circumstance, horribly stuffed with epithets of war, and in conclusion, non-suits my mediators."

In the passage, Iago is explaining to Roderigo that he is upset at Othello for choosing Michael Cassio as lieutenant instead of himself. Iago's purpose was to become promoted to the second position of lieutenant and aid the general in strategy and war. Because he was not promoted to his life's purpose, it affects everything he decided to sabotage the Moor and Cassio as revenge.

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"Her father loved me, oft invited me, still questioned me the story of my life from year to year- the battles, sieges, fortunes that I have passed. I ran it through, even from my boyish days to the very moment that he bade me tell it..."

In this passage, Othello was explaining to the Duke about the "magic" he put over Desdemona to make her fall in love with him. The "magic" he has been accused of was telling his own stories. We tell our stories by sharing experiences and in Othello's case by sharing memories and talking.

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"Shortly before he disappeared, Chris complained to Carine that their parents' behavior was "so irrational, so oppressive, disrespectful and insulting that I finally passed my breaking point."
Chris McCandless viewed his parents as the antagonist or villain in his story. Because of the way he was treated by his parents and the way he interpreted their actions, he describes them as disrespectful and insulting and informs his sister Carina that he is going to knock them out of his life after he graduates.

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"When Chris McCandless turned up dead in Alaska and the perplexing circumstances of his demise were reported in the news media, many people concludes that the boy must have been mentally disturbed. The article about McCandless in Outside generated a large volume of mail, and not a few of the letters heaped opprobrium on McCandless- and on me, as well, the author of the story, for glorifying what some thought was a foolish, pointless death."

Chris McCandless allowed people to tell his story because he unfortunately died. Some people thought his Alaskan expedition was  an example of pursuing what you actually love while others thought it was a foolish act that was completed through egotistical and overconfident aspects of McCandless' personality. Whether people thought it was adventurous or foolish, they all wanted to share his story.

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"I knew that people sometimes died climbing mountains. But at the age of twenty-three, personal mortality- the idea of my own death- was still largely outside my conceptual grasp... Because I wanted to climb the mountain so badly, because I had thought about the Thumb so intensely for so long, it seemed beyond the realm of possibility that some minor obstacle like the weather or crevasses or rime-covered rock might ultimately thwart my will."

John Krakauer devoted hours to climbing mountains when he was younger. In this excerpt, he mentions how the idea of personal mortality was not something he grasped. He thought his purpose was to climb mountains and this affected his experience on life because he put himself in extremely dangerous situations in order to achieve his goal of climbing these mountains.

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"Andy Horowitz, one of McCandless's friends on the Woodson High cross country team, had mused that Chris "was born into the wrong century. He was looking for more adventure and freedom than today's society gives people."

Chris McCandless's purpose was to find more adventure and truly be free within his own life. He wanted to live according to himself and to not listen to any of society's rules or abiding by the norms. McCandless was looking for unlimited adventure but Society can only offer so much. Within society, Chris McCandless was able to make new friends, connections, and experiences by traveling and talking to people. He even kept in contact with most of them through postcards. Outside of society, there are not unlimited opportunities of adventure. Because of this, McCandless put himself through unforeseen circumstances and obstacles that unfortunately ended with his destination being his own death.

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"There are no journal entries for July 31 or August 1. On August 2, the diary says only, "TERRIBLE WIND... Day 100! MADE IT!" he noted jubilantly on August 5, roud of achieving such a significant milestone, "BUT IN WEAKEST CONDITION OF LIFE. DEATH LOOMS AS SERIOUS THREAT. TOO WEAK TO WALK OUT, HAVE LITERALLY BECOME TRAPPED IN WIND.- NO GAME... One of his last acts was to take a picture of himself, standing near the bus under the high Alaska sky, one hand holding his final note toward the camera lens, the other raised in a brave, beatrific farewell."

Chris McCandless kept a journal throughout his whole journey after he left his home in Virginia. He recorded most of his adventures and experiences throughout this time. McCandless also kept a camera throughout his journey and after he was found dead, people were able to publish parts of his journal and develop the photos which helped Chris tell his stories despite the fact he had passed away.

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"In July 1992, two years after Chris left Atlanta, Billie was asleep in Chesapeake Beach when she sat bolt upright in the middle of the night, waking Walt. "I was sure I'd heard Chris calling me," she insists, tears rolling down her cheeks. "I don't know how I'll ever get over it."

Chris McCandless's purpose was discovered to be trying to find new adventure and experiences as well as trying to break through society's norms and live with no rules. Because he decided to pursue this dream, his family suffered. This excerpt explains how his mother would frequently wake up with nightmares and she states that she doesn't know if she'll ever get over him leaving and not writing to her.

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"Then, in early May, Westerberg received another postcard, this one from Alaska, with a photo of a polar bear on the front. It was postmarked April 27, 1992. "Greetings from Fairbanks!" it reads, This is the last you shall hear from me Wayne. Arrive dhere 2 days ago. It was very difficult to catch rides in the Yukon Territory. But I finally got here...If this adventure proves fatal and you don't ever hear from me again, I want you to know you're a great man. I know walk into the wild. ALEX."

Chris McCandless wrote postcards and letters filled with life updates to those he met on his journey. After McCandless passed away, these postcards and letters were able to be shared with the world and put into Jon Krakauer's book. Others were allowed to tell Chris McCandless's story through these postcards.

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"It was a stressful existence. Both Walt and Billie are tightly wound, emotional, loath to give ground. Now and then the tension erupted in verbal sparring. In moments of anger, one or the other often threatened divorce. The rancor was more smoke than fire, says Carine, but "I think it was one of the reasons Chris and I were so close. We learned to count on each other when Mom and Dad weren't getting along."

Chris McCandless resented his father as he believed his father ruined their family based on an affair that took place during his marriage. Because of this life experience that included conflicts within his parents relationship, Chris McCandless wanted to knock his parents out of his life. He did this by wanting to go on expeditions and live naturally without rules and parents.

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"The boy remembered the crystal merchant who had always wanted to go to Mecca, and the Englishman in search of the alchemist. He thought of the woman who had trusted in the desert. And he looked out over the desert that had brought him to the woman he loved."

The boy's purpose in his life was to pursue his personal legend of finding the treasure at the pyramids and becoming an alchemist. As he was making his journey through the desert to reach his final destination of the pyramids, he met the love of his life, Fatima.

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"It's a dream in the language of the world," she said. "I can interpret it, but the interpretation is very difficult. That's why I feel that I deserve a part of what you fine. And this is my interpretation: you must go to the Pyramids in Egypt. I have never heard of them, but, if it was a child who showed them to you, they exist. There you will find a treasure that will make you a rich man."

In this excerpt of The Alchemist, the boy went to an old woman to help him interpret his recurring dream. This old woman told him he need to pursue a journey to the Pyramids in Egypt where along the way, he'd find new friends, experience new life lessons, and even find love. If he had never seen this woman, he would have never traveled to the pyramids. This woman played a part in his story by pushing him to travel through the desert.

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"An army is coming," the boy said. "I had a vision." "The desert fills men's hearts with visions," the camel driver answered. But the boy told him about the hawks: that he had been watching their flight and had suddenly felt himself to have plunged to the Soul of the World."

The boys purpose was to understand the Soul of the World as well as the universal language which was spoken by everyone but was forgotten. Because the boy was able to understand the Soul of the World, he was able to have a vision of the Oasis being attacked. Santiago was able to take action to stop this invasion and saved the Oasis from being overtaken.

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"If what one finds is made of pure matter, it will never spoil. And one can always come back. If what you had found was only a moment of light, like the explosion of a star, you would find nothing on your return." The man was speaking the language of alchemy. But the boy knew that he wa referring to Fatima."

The Alchemist taught the boy many life lessons as he assisted Santiago on his journey to pursue his personal legend and understand the Soul of the World and the universal language. The Alchemist tells his own story to Santiago by teaching him lessons.

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"You're not going to die. You'll live, and you'll learn that a man shouldn't be so stupid... In my dream, there was a sycamore growing out of the ruins of the sacristy, and I was told that, if I dig at the roots of the sycamore, I would find a hidden treasure. But I'm not so stupid as to cross an entire desert just because of a recurrent dream." And they disappeared. The boy stood up shakily, and look once more at the Pyramids. They seemed to laugh at him, and he laughed back, his heart bursting with joy. Because now he knew where his treasure was."

The boy's motivation to cross the desert and find the pyramids was because he was told by the old woman who interpreted his recurrent dream that he would find a treasure in Egypt. At the pyramids he was attacked by a group of men who thought he was stupid as they also had recurrent dreams. When Santiago heard one of the men's dreams, he realized that he was meant to hear it. His purpose of finding treasure affected his journey because it brought him back to his hometown and his destination was where he started all along.

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"He placed Urim and Thummim in the chest. They were also a part of his new treasure, because they were a reminder of the old king, whom he would never see again."

The old king had given the boy a white and black crystal named Urim and Thummim. These crystals were meant to answer yes or no questions asked by the boy along his journey when he was looking for guidance. Urim and Thummim tell the stories of the old king because of the memory he has connected to the crystals. The old king was able to allow others to tell his story by leaving pieces of himself behind.

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"Amongst us, the only ones who travel are the shepherds." "Well, then I'll be a shepherd."

The boy loved travelling. He wanted to climb mountains to see castles and towns. Because he was not rich but still wanted to travel, he became a shepherd. Being a shepherd helped him choose his purpose because he was able to travel to the pyramids as well as connect with the universal language of no words through his sheep.

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Everything in life is an omen," said the Englishman, now closing the journal he was reading. "There is a universal language, understood by everybody, but already forgotten. I am in search of that universal language, among other things. That's why I'm here. I have to find a man who knows that universal language. An alchemist."

People tell their own stories because they want to teach. Other people tell the stories not belonging to them because they aspire to learn from those whose stories they're telling.

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"In any society built on institutionalized racism, race mixing doesn't merely challenge the system as unjust, it reveals the system as unsustainable and incoherent."

Others can tell our stories based on stereotypes and prejudice. Prejudice ideology can turn people against those whom they don't even know. These false and unfair ideas are not always true and most of the time are false. They are stories told about other people through being unfair and unaccepting.

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"Lady, are you listening to me? This is my mother's life. This is her life. Take the money. Take all of it. I don't care."

Abel, Trevor Noah's step dad, shot his mother and almost killed her. Because of this, Trevor Noah payed for all of her medical bills with his credit card. The nurse stated that all of his money would be gone and he realized he could end up in poverty all because his stepdad couldn't control his temper.

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"Everyday, I'd leave school, go to my room, and sit for five to six hours, copying CDs. I had my own surround sound system built with old car speakers I'd salvaged from the junkers Abel kept in the yard, and I strung them up around the room."

When Trevor Noah was younger, he made his own business selling copies of CDs with music. He eventually started to mix songs on CDs. He realized he was good at this activity and it eventually led him to choose the profession as djing.

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"Hitler jumped out to the middle of the circle and started killing it. The guys around him were all chanting, "Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!" They had their arms out in front of them, bouncing to the rhythm"Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! And I was right there on the mic leading them along... A teacher ran up behind me and yanked the plug for my system out of the wall. The hall went dead silent, and she turned on me, livid."

Trevor Noah and his team of dancers and djs weren't fully aware of World War II and the sensitivity around Jewish people and Nazis. When the name of one of their friends was Hitler, they didn't realize it would upset the school they had their gig at. Although Trevor Noah's purpose was to dj gigs, he didn't realize that he would bring up traumatic experience for these Jewish kids and teachers at this school by cheering on his friend.

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"Apartheid was a police state, a system of surveillance and laws designed to keep black people under total control. A full compendium of those laws would run more than three thousand pages and weigh approximately ten pounds, but the general thrust of it should be easy enough for any American to understand."

Trevor Noah tells his stories by providing background information and historical facts. He talks regularly about Apartheid because it explains his struggles and experiences through his youth.

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"Laws were passed prohibiting sex between Europeans and natives, laws that were later amended to prohibit sex between whites and nonwhites. The government went to insane lengths to try to enforce these new laws. The penalty for breaking them was five years in prison."

Sometimes people allow others to tell their own stories because there may a law or rule in place that grants it. People may not always want their stories to be told by others, but based on these laws, people have the ability whether you like it or not.

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"I couldn't stand the pain anymore. But seeing her hit with a bicycle, living like a prisoner in her own backyard, was the final straw for me. I was done. My mom understood. She didn't feel betrayed or abandoned. "Honey, I know what you're going through," she said. "At one point, I had to disown my family to go off and live my own life, too. I understand why you need to do the same." So I did. I walked out. I didn't call. I didn't visit."

Staying with his mother and and her abusive husband, Abel, was holding Trevor Noah back from his life and his dreams. Living this life was painful for him. Trevor Noah realized that in order to live out his dreams, purpose, and passions, he had to leave and embark on his journey and to his destination which was far away from this toxic household.

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"On our way back to Alex, around one in the morning as were pulling out of Diepkloof to get on the freeway, some cops pulled our minibus over. They made everyone get out and they searched it. We were standing outside, lined up alongside the car, when one of the cops came back."

By following his passions and pursuing his purpose of being a dj, Trevor Noah had many experiences. For example, getting gigs in other parts of South Africa and travelling on busses with his crew. His purpose also gave him negative experiences too, for example, getting thrown in jail for crimes and offenses that were not his.

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"Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see: She has deceived her father and may thee."

We allow others to tell our own stories based on interpretations and experiences they may have with us. Desdemona's father had a negative experience with her where she lied to him. Because of this negative interaction, he believes that she may do the same to Othello. He tells her own story by telling Othello she will lie to him.

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"It gives me wonder great as my content to see you here before me. O, my soul's joy, if after every tempest come such calms, may the winds blow till they have wakened death, and let the labouring bark climb hills of seas, olympus-high, and duck again as low as hell's from heaven. If it were now to die, 'Twere now to be most happy; for I fear my soul hath her content so absolute that not another comfort like to this succeeds in unknown fate."

Othello, his army, and Desdemona traveled to fight a war, but the opposing army's ships never made it to the island. Because of this, war does not have to be fought and Othello claims he is the happiest he could ever be. His purpose of fighting the war has turned into a honeymoon with his new wife.

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"Do not doubt that. Before Emilia here, I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee if I do vow a friendship, I'll perform it to the last article. My lord shall never rest, I'll watch him tame and talk him out of patience; his bed shall seem a school, his board a shrift; I'll intermingle every thing he does with Cassio's suit. Therefore be merry, Cassio; thy solicitor shall rather die than give thy cause away."

Cassio is allowing Desdemona to tell his story to Othello because he wants his job back. He is trying to get Desdemona to put in a good word because he does not want to ruin his reputation. People allow others to tell their own stories to change the view on their reputation.

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"If you say so, I hope you will not kill me. And yet yet I fear you, for you're fatal then when your eyes roll so. Why I should fear I know not, since guiltiness I know not but yet I feel I fear. That death's unnatural that kills for loving. Alas, why gnaw you so your nether lip? Some bloody passion shakes your very frame: These are portents; but yet I hope, I hope they do not point on me."

After Iago began leading Othello to the idea that Desdemona is being unloyal and cheating on him, his purpose became to kill her and Cassio. His purpose led him to his destination of killing Desdemona, and then he himself dies.

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"I stand accountant for as great a sin- but partly led to diet my revenge, for that I do suspect the lusty Moor hath leaped into my seat, the thought whereof doth like a poisonous mineral gnaw my inwards.."

Iago's purpose throughout the play of Othello was to get revenge on the Moor. He experienced losing the job he wanted to Cassio which affected this life purpose. He wanted to make Cassio and Desdemona to fall in love to hurt the Moor.