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Livestock are domesticated terrestrial animals kept on a farm that are raised to provide traction (use of animals to assist farmers wth agriculture in general,) meat, milk, etc.
There are two main types of livestock, Ruminant livestock: Catle, buffaloes, sheep and goats (they are much more dependent of the environment they live in, like grasslands or feedlots.)
Chicken livestock: They convert food into proteins pretty fast so they have a higher demand and can be found anywhere.

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Even though livestock production occurs all around the world, there are some places where it is more common, and those are: Eastern Asia, Northern Africa, and the Southeast region of the U.S. and of course, the most common type of livestock is cattle.
This can happen because of environmental factors such as the grass and plants in the area, also, the culture of each country makes a difference (because it could be prohibited in the area.)

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The main reason is the food demand, in fact, by 2050, there will be 9.7 billion people on earth (and there needs to be food for everyone.)
Also, the lack of land is a big factor when talking about livestock farms, since there is no place to put the cattle in.

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Possible solutions for livestock farming

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Possible solutions for livestock farming

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First of all, one of the possible solution would be reducing (or cutting down the consumption of meat, dairy, eggs, etc. If everyone went vegan, the carbon footprint would be lower. Now, to better the conditions of animals, they could offer possibilites of going outside and exercising, investing in veterinary services for the and allowing a daylight/structured environment. Also, making the livestock system more sustainable would help a lot, by balancing animal rations and food, energy efficient technologies and better ¨droppings¨management

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As this picture shows, livestock is affecting the environment, as it converts forests into industrial farms, mainly to meet the food demand nowadays. With this, a lot of animals and plants are becoming extinct, since forests are the habitat of a lot of species (almost 70%,) but because of deforestation (that is another major problem that comes with livestock,) it is reducing.
Some other cosequences of livestock are: The environmental footprint, for example, that contributes to water and land damage, biodiversity loss, acid rain, coral reef deterioration, etc. Also, livestock produces 18% of human produced greenhouse emmissions around the globe.
It also causes a lot of unnecesary animal suffering, especially on industrial farms, where animal's necessities and well-being are completely ignored (since the only thing that ¨matters¨ is the massive production of meat, eggs, etc.)