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Table 2 Percentage of friendly and aggressive social interactions in dreams reported bymales and females

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Table 2 Percentage of friendly and aggressive social interactions in dreams reported bymales and females

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A total of 375 dreams reported by males included social interaction. Use the data in Table 2 to calculate how many of these dreams reported by males were classified as aggressive. Show your workings. (2 Marks)

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The psychologist was interested in finding out whether dream themes differed between males and females, particularly in terms of social interaction. She decided to conduct a pilot study. Twenty undergraduate students (8 male and 12 female) volunteered for the study. For a six-week period the students were interviewed at 9 am each morning when they arrived at university. Interviewers, who did not know the purpose of the study, carried out and recorded the dream interviews.

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The psychologist was interested in finding out whether dream themes differed between males and females, particularly in terms of social interaction. She decided to conduct a pilot study. Twenty undergraduate students (8 male and 12 female) volunteered for the study. For a six-week period the students were interviewed at 9 am each morning when they arrived at university. Interviewers, who did not know the purpose of the study, carried out and recorded the dream interviews.

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What is meant by a pilot study? Explain one possible reason why the psychologist decided to conduct a pilot study for this investigation.  (3 Marks)

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Qualitative data is non-numerical data which can be collected through interviews or observation. One strength of this is that the data collected can be rich in detail because the researcher is not confined to structured questions.

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Qualitative data is data that has meaning / is expressed in words, such as an interview or unstructured observation.

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Qualitative data is data based on opinions, assumptions and beliefs. A strength of qualitative data is that it allows for elaboration and detail

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Any effect of the investigator’s behaviour on the research outcome, such as the design or the selection of participants.

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Transcript of the interviews analysed. Themes are created that are common in the interviews and a tally is created every time the themes are mentioned.

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Investigator effects occur when the investigator unintentionally influences the outcome of the research which they are conducted. One way these could have been minimised is through the researcher not knowing whether they are interviewing a male or female, so could carry out the interview over a phone call.

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SThomas - good answer.  Also  include organising the themes and subthemes into a hierarchy

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SThomas - good answer.  Also  include organising the themes and subthemes into a hierarchy

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Use several investigators to assess the themes which are present in the interviews. This provides strong inter-rater reliability.

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The interview data should be analysed and the researcher could create a list of themes which are common in the interviews, such as falling or running, and make a tally of every time they appear. These themes and subthemes could then be organised into a hierarchy.