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This came out before the introduction of photography. Camera obscura is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of the screen is projected through a small hole in the screen and forms and inverted image. The use of a lens in the opening of a wall or closed window shutter of a darkened room to project images used as a drawing aid have been tracked back to the circa 1550.

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Early Photographic Camera (18th - 19th Centuries) 

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Early Photographic Camera (18th - 19th Centuries) 

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Before the development of the photographic camera, it had been known for hundreds of years that some substances, such as silver salts, darkened when exposed to sunlight. The Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed in 1777 that silver chloride was especially susceptible to darkening from light exposure, and that once darkened, it becomes insoluble in an ammonia solution.

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After Niépce's death in 1830, his partner Louis Daguerre continued to experiment and by 1837 had created the first practical photographic process, which he named the daguerreotype and publicly unveiled in 1839. Daguerre treated a silver-plated sheet of copper with iodine vapor to give it a coating of light-sensitive silver iodine. Then the photographer opened the front cover of the holder, uncapped the lens, and counted off as many minutes as the lighting conditions seemed to require before replacing the cap and closing the holder.

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Dry Plates had been available since 1857, thanks to the work of Desire van Monckhoven, but it was not until the invention of the gelatin dry plate in 1871 by Richard Leach Maddox that the wet plate process could be rivaled in quality and speed. With daylight and a fast plate or film, a small camera could be hand-held while taking the picture. The ranks of amateur photographers swelled and informal "candid" portraits became popular. The short exposure times that made candid photography possible also necessitated another innovation, the mechanical shutter.

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The use of photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885 before switching to celluloid in 1888–1889. The Kodak came pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures and needed to be sent back to the factory for processing and reloading when the roll was finished. By the end of the 19th century Eastman had expanded his lineup to several models including both box and folding cameras. Despite the advances in low-cost photography made possible by Eastman, plate cameras still offered higher-quality prints and remained popular well into the 20th century. To compete with roll film cameras, which offered a larger number of exposures per loading, many inexpensive plate cameras from this era were equipped with magazines to hold several plates at once.

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A number of manufacturers started to use 35 mm film for still photography between 1905 and 1913. The first 35 mm cameras available to the public, and reaching significant numbers in sales were the Tourist Multiple, in 1913, and the Simplex, in 1914. Kodak got into the market with the Retina I in 1934, which introduced the 135 cartridge used in all modern 35 mm cameras. Although the Retina was comparatively inexpensive, 35 mm cameras were still out of reach for most people and roll film remained the format of choice for mass-market cameras.

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The first practical reflex camera was the Franke & Heidecke Rolleiflex medium format TLR of 1928. Though both single- and twin-lens reflex cameras had been available for decades, they were too bulky to achieve much popularity. A similar revolution in SLR design began in 1933 with the introduction of the Ihagee Exakta, a compact SLR which used 127 roll film. This was followed three years later by the first Western SLR to use 135 film, the Kine Exakta (World's first true 35 mm SLR was Soviet "sport" camera, marketed several months before Kine Exakta, though "Sport" used its own film cartridge).

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While conventional cameras were becoming more refined and sophisticated, an entirely new type of camera appeared on the market in 1948.  The Land Camera caught on despite its relatively high price and the Polaroid lineup had expanded to dozens of models by the 1960s. The first Polaroid camera aimed at the popular market, the Model 20 Swinger 1965 of 1965, was a huge success and remains one of the top-selling cameras of all time.

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Handheld electronic cameras, in the sense of a device meant to be carried and used as a handheld film camera, appeared in 1981 with the demonstration of the Sony Mavica. This is not to be confused with the later cameras by Sony that also bore the Mavica name. This was an analog camera, in that it recorded pixel signals continuously, as videotape machines did, without converting them to discrete levels; it recorded television-like signals to a 2 × 2 inch "video floppy".[39] In essence, it was a video movie camera that recorded single frames, 50 per disk in field mode, and 25 per disk in frame mode.

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By the late 1980s, the technology required to produce truly commercial digital cameras existed. The first true portable digital camera that recorded images as a computerized file was likely the Fuji DS-1P of 1988, which recorded to a 2 MB SPAM (static RAM) memory card that used a battery to keep the data in memory. The first digital camera of any kind ever sold commercially was possibly the MegaVision Tessera in 1987[41] though there is not extensive documentation of its sale known.

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All of my citing for this assignment was collected through

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All of my citing for this assignment was collected through

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_camera