# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
6. When plasma calcium levels fall, which sequence correctly describes the body’s compensatory response?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
↑ Calcitonin → ↓ Osteoclast activity → ↓ Serum Ca²⁺

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
↑ PTH → ↑ 1,25(OH)₂D₃ → ↑ Ca²⁺ reabsorption and absorption

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
↓ PTH → ↓ Vitamin D activation → ↓ Serum Ca²⁺

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
↑ Estrogen → ↑ Bone resorption → ↑ Serum Ca²⁺

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
3. Which of the following best explains the difference between the roles of catecholamines (epinephrine/norepinephrine) and aldosterone in blood pressure regulation?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Catecholamines provide long-term volume regulation; aldosterone provides immediate cardiac stimulation.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Both catecholamines and aldosterone act primarily through β1 receptors to increase heart rate.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Both catecholamines and aldosterone act immediately by increasing total peripheral resistance.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Catecholamines provide immediate cardiovascular responses; aldosterone sustains blood pressure by regulating sodium and water balance.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
4. During an acute “fight-or-flight” response, epinephrine is released. Which receptor-mediated effect would best prepare skeletal muscle for immediate action?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
α1 receptor → Vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
β2 receptor → Vasodilation in skeletal muscle

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
α2 receptor → Increased norepinephrine release

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
β1 receptor → Increased lipolysis in adipose tissue

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
5. A patient with an adrenal tumor is secreting excessive aldosterone. Which of the following laboratory findings is most consistent with this condition?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
1. A new drug selectively blocks the V2 receptor in the kidney but leaves the V1 receptor intact. Which of the following symptoms would you expect in a patient taking this drug?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Increased water retention and hypertension

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Polyuria with dilute urine and normal vascular tone

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Decreased urine output with concentrated urine

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Hyponatremia caused by excessive water reabsorption

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
2. During prolonged labor, a woman receives an oxytocin infusion. Shortly after, her blood pressure increases due to systemic vasoconstriction. Which of the following best explains the rise in blood pressure?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Oxytocin directly activates V2 receptors in the kidney, increasing sodium reabsorption

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Increased uterine contractions increase sympathetic tone, which enhances ADH secretion

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Oxytocin cross-reacts with vasopressin receptors, stimulating V1-mediated vasoconstriction

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Positive feedback on oxytocin release indirectly elevates aldosterone levels

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
7. Post-menopausal women are at increased risk of osteoporosis primarily because:

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Reduced estrogen leads to increased osteoclast activity

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Elevated vitamin D synthesis enhances bone turnover

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
8. Which of the following hormones acts through a Gs-coupled receptor to stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate secretion?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
9. A patient with type II diabetes begins a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Which of the following best explains why this therapy can promote weight loss?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
It increases glucagon secretion during fasting.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
It slows gastric emptying and increases satiety via CNS signaling.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
10. In newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, plasma glucagon levels are often elevated despite hyperglycemia. Why does this occur?

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
α-cells become insulin-dependent for activation

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
Insulin directly stimulates glucagon secretion

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
β-cell loss removes paracrine inhibition of α-cells