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1. Classical Conditioning has a neutral stimulus that becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, which eventually triggers a similar response

2. I used to not mind dogs, until I had many experiences where dogs would jump on me or bother me. Now, I don’t like dogs.

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1. Operant Conditioning is the frequency of a behavior that depends on the consequence that follows that behavior

2. If I didn’t understand something in math, my mom would make me go see the teacher after school for help. Eventually, I started understanding it better and doing my homework well.

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Section 2 - Experiment #1 (Operant Thinking)

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Section 2 - Experiment #1 (Operant Thinking)

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Research Question: Will a penguin begin to get A’s and B’s if they stop skipping class?

Hypothesis: Yes, the penguin will get better grades by coming to class.

Social Experiment: The penguin stopped skipping class for 2 weeks. Week #1, they were learning the material and got mostly B’s. Week #2, they understood everything well, so they began getting A’s.

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Section 2 - Experiment #2 (Social Observational Learning)

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Section 2 - Experiment #2 (Social Observational Learning)

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Research Question: Will a child start performing the same actions as the adult next to them?

Hypothesis: Yes, the child will do the same things (or similar) that the adult is doing.

Experiment: The adult was petting a dog next to him. The child, then came up and began doing the same thing.

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A girl was walking in her house when she stubbed her toe on the edge table leg. She screamed in pain. Her thalamus and cerebellum helped her understand this. It hurt really bad. Now, anytime she comes near a table, she makes sure to be careful around it.

Neutral Stimulus to Conditioned Stimulus: table leg

Unconditioned Stimulus: table

Unconditioned Response: screaming

Conditioned Response: being careful

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Bob went to his friend’s house where he ate pumpkin pie for the first time. At the time it seemed pretty good, but a few hours later he threw up. Now, anytime he smells pumpkin pie, it makes him nauseous.

Neutral Stimulus to Conditioned Stimulus: pumpkin pie

Unconditioned Stimulus: smell of pumpkin pie

Unconditioned Response: throwing up

Conditioned Response: feeling nauseous

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Patricia watched a scary movie with her friends. This movie had a lot of spiders in it. It freaked Patricia out. Now whenever she sees a spider in her house, she is much more active/alert (sympathetic division) of it and her adrenaline goes up.

Neutral Stimulus to Conditioned Stimulus: seeing spiders

Unconditioned Stimulus: spiders

Unconditioned Response: freaking out

Conditioned Response: screaming

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1. Learning how to speak English by hearing it many times and practicing words

2. Knowing to exit out of Spotify when an ad comes up

3. Learning to drive by observing others (make sure to have good reticular formation while doing this)

4. How to draw

5. Flexibility

6. Playing tennis

7. Cooking/baking

8. Swimming

9. Riding a bike

10. Spelling

11. Bilingualness

12. How to do makeup

13. How to do skincare

14. How to type

15. How to pack a good lunch

16. Understanding your circadian rhythm

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Section 1 - Social Observational Learning

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Section 1 - Social Observational Learning

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1. Social Observational Learning is when you learn from the behavior of others

2. My mom’s friends would call her by her first name. Then, I began calling her by her first name too.

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Negative Punishment removes pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior.

Ex. When you ground your kids (take away their freedom), so they will listen to you. They will learn to listen to you. (ACH neurotransmitter is being produced)

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Positive Reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase the behavior.

Ex. When someone uses their left hemisphere to ask a question in class and the teacher tells them that was a “great question”.

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Negative Reinforcement removes unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior.

Ex. You give your child a tablet, so they stop crying.

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Positive Punishment adds an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior.

Ex. Threatening to take things away, so the kids begin to behave. You’re communicating with them which is the nervous system’s job.

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Learning theory helps us understand how people learn and grow, making it easier to communicate and connect with others in daily life. It explains why we make certain choices and how our experiences shape our habits and behaviors. Using these ideas, we can encourage positive changes in ourselves and others. Individuals can use this to create environments where people feel supported and motivated to succeed. Ultimately, learning theory helps us understand human behavior and how to build stronger relationships.