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Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) is a test that assesses an individual's hand function within various activities of daily living; furthermore, this test is timed. The test was developed in 1969 by a team of researchers that included R.H Jebsen, N. Taylor, and others (Sears & Chung, 2010). There are seven subtests to evaluate the following functions: fine motor skills, manipulation, and hand dexterity. The total score will be the sum of time taken for each of the tests. The subtests include writing, page turning (3x5 inch cards), lifting small objects, stacking checkers, simulated feeding, moving large light cans, and moving large heavy cans.

Time for administration: 15-45 minutes

Cost: $427

Purchase website: https://www.prohealthcareproducts.com/jebsen-taylor-test-of-hand-function/

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Evaluates a broad range of hand functions used in daily activities

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The typical population this test is utilized within includes neurological conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, and general population. Some examples of those diagnoses include the following:

Stroke

Spinal cord injury

Cerebral palsy

Multiple sclerosis

Hand/wrist fractures

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

(Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, 2022)

Age ranges include: children (6-12), adolescents (13-17), adults (18-64), and elderly adults (65+).

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Validity, reliability, and any other relevant psychometric properties: 

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Validity, reliability, and any other relevant psychometric properties: 

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Reliability:

For this hand function test, it has been shown that the test demonstrates moderate to excellent test-retest reliability.  Furthermore, this indicates the test yields similar results when it is administered to the same individual at different time points.

(Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test | Rehabmeasures Database, 2023)

Intra-rater reliability:

The interrater reliability has been shown to be high: (r=0.84 and 0.85, P<0.05) with absent practice effect (P<0.05).

(“Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test,” 2022)

Validity

Concurrent validity has been shown to correlate well with other measures of hand function/upper limb function. This concludes the test is measuring the areas intended.

Construct validity:

Studies have shown correlations between JTHFT scores and other assessment tools that also assess independence, quality of life, and upper limb function.

(Galeoto et al., 2024)

Responsiveness:

JTHFT has shown changes in hand functions indicating it can detect hand function changes over time (example: after rehabilitation/therapy).

Other relevant psychometric properties:

Absolute and incremental validity: JTHFT’s validity has been concluded to be absolue and incremental assessment.

(Araneda et al., 2019)

Sensitivity and specificity: JTHF has demonstrated sensitivity and specific in identifying impairments in hand function.

(Sığırtmaç & Öksüz, 2021)

Cross-cultural validity: JTHFT can be utilized in different cultures/populations and has demonstrated comparable results.

(Galeoto et al., 2024)

Cutoff values: There has been appropriate cutoff values established which can differentiate between individuals with impaired/unimpaired hand function.

(Sığırtmaç & Öksüz, 2021)

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Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test

Strengths:

This is a comprehensive assessment, it evaluates various aspects of hand function (dexterity, coordination, and ability to manipulate objects)

Easy to administer/score

Standardized and validated- the test has established norms/cutoff values that allows appropriate comparisons and interpretations

Can be utilized in various populations

Weakness:

Affected by practice- an individual may improve by practicing the subtests which would lead to inaccurate assessment of the individuals true hand function

Doesn’t fully compare fine motor control

Jamar Hand Function

Strengths:

Precise grip strength measurement

Easy to use/interpret

Weakness:

Limited assessment of other aspects of hand functions (primarily focuses on grip strength, not dexterity or coordination)

May not be available- potential of limited use in clinical settings due to not being readily available

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When scoring this test, the administrator will record the time in seconds that it takes the individual to complete each of the seven subtests, the time for each of the subtests will be rounded to the nearest second. The overall score is the sum of all the times from the subtests. This will be calculated separately for each hand and the lower the score the better the hand function.

(Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test | Rehabmeasures Database, 2023)

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Unfortunately I do not have the appropriate table size, so I was unable to demonstrate the proper measurements for the items within the subtests. Each item should be 5 inches from the edge of the table and every item should be spaced out 2 inches apart. I attached an additional youtube video with accurate measurements for those who would like a visual!

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Article 1:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2015.05.002

Title: Use of Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test in evaluating the hand dexterity in people with Parkinson's disease.

The goal of this study was to test the initial test and retest reliability of Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test on older adult patients with Parkinson's disease and compare the results to the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test scores between Parkinson's disease and healthy subjects (Mak et al., 2015).

There was 15 individuals for each category (Parkinson's disease and healthy subjects) making a total of 30 individuals within the study.

The study concluded that the test is reliable and appropriate assessment tool for assessing hand function of Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson's disease individuals took longer to complete the test indicating they have deficits in gross/fine functional dexterity.

Article 2: https://medicopublication.com/index.php/ijpot/article/view/16506

Title: Assessment of Hand Function in Post Stroke Patients Using ‘Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test’

The goal of this study is to assess the hand function in patients post stroke utilizing the Jebsen Taylor Hand function test.

The study include 22 post stroke patients who had experienced a stroke at least six months prior.

Overall, the study concluded that the time duration is greater for non-dominant hand compared to the dominant hand.

(Ladha & Gaidhani, 2021)

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Assessment of Hand Function in Post Stroke Patients Using ‘Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test’ | Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal

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Aim: After stroke, the majority of stroke survivors experience significant arm-hand impairments anda decreased use of the paretic arm and hand in daily life. The actual use of the affected hand in dailylife performance depends on the severity of the arm-hand impairment and is associated with perceivedlimitations in participation. Severity of arm-hand impairment is also associated with a decrease ofhealth-related quality of life, restricted social participation, and subjective well-being.Thus the studyaims to assess the hand function using Jebsen Taylor Hand function test among patients post stroke.Methodology: Hand function was assessed using the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test,which includedseven tasks to be performed by the subjects.Hand function was assessed in 22 post stroke patients whohad experienced the stroke event at least 6 months prior.Results: Out of the seven activities performed by 22 patients,the time required for all the activitiesis given as follows (highest to lowest) –Writing, Simulated feeding, Small; common objects, Cardturning, Checkers, Light; heavy objects, Large; light objects.Conclusion: Overall the study showed that the writing activity required the most amount of time for allthe subjects. The study also concludes that the time duration required is greater for the non-dominanthand compared to the dominant hand for all the above mentioned activities.

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Josh: Distal Radial Fracture

Josh is a 20-year-old male who enjoys participating in several sports during the winter months. On a recent snowboarding venture, Josh was taken to a local emergency room after he fell on his right arm while performing an air stunt. The on-call physician evaluated Josh and ordered x-rays to confirm a distal radial fracture. After confirmation of a closed fracture, the physician manually reduced the fracture and treated the fracture conservatively with cast immobilization. After 5 weeks, the cast was removed and occupational therapy was ordered to improve ROM to increase independence in activities of daily living. The occupational therapy evaluation found Josh to have impaired strength and limited ROM in his wrist and forearm. Josh reported having difficulty extending his wrist to type on his computer and turning his forearm to dress and shares that his arm does not feel strong enough to hold his school books. During the evaluation, the occupational therapist performed the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test and received the results below:

(Atchison & Dirette, 2024, p. 566)

Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test Scores:

Writing:

Dom (Rt): 14.28

Non-dom (Lt): 27.88

Simulated page turning:

Dom (Rt): 7.36

Non-dom (Lt): 4.69

Picking up small common objects:

Dom (Rt): 8.24

Non-dom (Lt): 5.15

Simulated feeding:

Dom (Rt): 11.44

Non-dom (Lt): 9.17

Stacking checkers:

Dom (Rt): 7.14

Non-dom (Lt): 5.08

Picking up large light objects:

Dom (Rt): 6.21

Non-dom (Lt): 3.68

Picking up large heavy objects:

Dom (Rt): 7.02

Non-dom (Lt): 3.49

Overall Score:

Dom (Rt): 14+7+8+11+7+6+7= 60

Non-dom (Lt): 28+5+5+9+5+4+3= 59

*Time is rounded to the nearest second*

Interpretation of results: Based on the clients results, the test indicates left hand function is within normal limits for age. However, right hand function results indicated deficits in right hand indicating an impairment.

Goal:

Client will improve ability to put on a shirt with buttons and/or zippers independently within a 10 minute timeframe, 5 days w/in a week.

Potential Interventions:

Orthosis Fabrication

AROM/PROM Exercises

Strengthening Exercises

Using resistance bands

Weights

Edema Management

Elevation

Compression

Massage

Pain Management

Heat/cold therapy

Activity Modifications

Teaching different techniques for lifting, reaching, or carrying

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Video example of JTHFT being administered: 

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Video example of JTHFT being administered: 

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(Youtube, n.d.)

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Atchison, B., & Dirette, D. P. (Eds.). (2024). Conditions in occupational therapy: Effect on occupational performance (Sixth edition, revised reprint.). Wolters Kluwer.

Araneda, R., Ebner-Karestinos, D., Paradis, J., Saussez, G., Friel, K. M., Gordon, A. M., & Bleyenheuft, Y. (2019). Reliability and responsiveness of jebsen-taylor test of hand function and box and block test for children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 61(10), 1182–1188. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14184

Galeoto, G., Berardi, A., Simeon, R., Panuccio, F., Fabbrini, G., Belvisi, D., González-Bernal, J., & Seco-Calvo, J. Á. (2024). Psychometric properties of jebsen taylor hand function test in an italian population with parkinson’s disease. Healthcare, 12(13), 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131351

Sears, E. D., & Chung, K. C. (2010). Validity and responsiveness of the jebsen-taylor hand function test. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 35(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.09.008

Jebsen-taylor hand function test | rehabmeasures database. (2023, July 26). https://www.sralab.org/rehabilitation-measures/jebsen-taylor-hand-function-test

Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. (2022, January 3). Physiopedia. https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Jebsen-Taylor_Hand_Function_Test&oldid=290356

Ladha, N., & Gaidhani, G. (2021). Assessment of Hand Function in Post Stroke Patients Using “Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test.” Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy, 15(4), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v15i4.16506

Mak, M. K. Y., Lau, E. T. L., Tam, V. W. K., Woo, C. W. Y., & Yuen, S. K. Y. (2015). Use of Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test in evaluating the hand dexterity in people with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Hand Therapy, 28(4), 389–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2015.05.002

Sığırtmaç, İ. C., & Öksüz, Ç. (2021). Investigation of reliability, validity, and cutoff value of the jebsen-taylor hand function test. Journal of Hand Therapy, 34(3), 396–403.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2020.01.004

Youtube. (n.d.). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjHG2dW96jU