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Explanation of the 4Cs-Framework (Content, cognition, communication, and culture)

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Explanation of the 4Cs-Framework (Content, cognition, communication, and culture)

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This involves not only acquiring knowledge and skills but also students constructing their own knowledge and understanding, developing personalized learning abilities.

Example: In a science class, instead of just memorizing the periodic table, students research the properties of different elements and design experiments to demonstrate their real-world uses.

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Niños explorando elementos de la tabla periódica

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Content is related to learning and thinking. For students to interpret content, it must be analyzed according to its linguistic demands, and thought processes must be analyzed according to their linguistic demands.

For example after an experiment, students not only describe what they saw but also explain the "why" and "how" using specific scientific vocabulary and argumentation structures.

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trabajo colaborativo de niños en laboratorio de ciencia

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This implies learning a language related to the learning context, learning through it, and reconstructing the content and its related cognitive processes. Language must be transparent and accessible, and interaction is fundamental for learning. This has implications when the learning context operates through a foreign language.

Group work where students must discuss and explain a complex scientific concept in English, using appropriate vocabulary.

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Intercultural awareness is fundamental for CLIL and takes center stage. The relationship between cultures and languages is complex.

Working in pairs or teams, students must discuss and explain a complex scientific concept in English, using appropriate vocabulary.

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B. Summary of the six quality principles proposed in the document.

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B. Summary of the six quality principles proposed in the document.

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Create an educational game for primary school students that seeks to teach English vocabulary about animals and habitats, using Meyer's six CLIL quality principles (2013).

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The material must be meaningful, challenging, and authentic. It must focus on global issues and connect with students' daily lives, keeping their affective filters open. Use science documentaries, news, or science blogs in English on current topics such as space exploration or robotics.

Practical example: The topic of animals and their habitats is engaging and relevant to children. Real-life images and useful vocabulary will be used.

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D. Presentation and explanation of the CLIL-Pyramid.                                        The model enables multifocal lesson planning: content, communication, cognition, and culture are inextricably linked. • Higher order thinking skills become an integral part of CLIL lessons. • Scaffolding, study skills, and learning strategies are essential parts of the planning and teaching process. • The model raises awareness for multi-modal input and leads to highly differentiated lessons and materials. • It is very flexible regarding various models of interaction/cooperation (individual/pair/group work). • Intercultural communication is taken seriously.

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Components of creating and adapting didactic learning materials

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Components of creating and adapting didactic learning materials

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1. Planning a CLIL unit starts with content selection. The specific needs of the content subject are at the heart of every CLIL lesson and the starting point for material construction.

2. Providing multimodal input and distributing it evenly across the new CLIL unit produces highly differentiated materials which accommodate different learning styles and activate various language skills. Multimodal input also facilitates the development of new literacies.

3. The nature of the selected input (i.e. texts, charts, maps, video clips, etc.) and the students’ familiarity with it determines how much and what kind of scaffolding is needed. It also indicates which subject specific study skills need to be practised with the students so they can successfully cope with that input.

4. Tasks need to be designed to trigger both higher order thinking skills and lead to authentic communication/interaction in different interactive formats (solo work, pair work, group work, etc.)

5. The nature of the desired output (poster, interview, presentation, map, etc.) determines how much and what kind of output-scaffolding is necessary.

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Quality Principle No. 2: Scaffolding Learning

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Quality Principle No. 2: Scaffolding Learning

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Scaffolding reduces cognitive and linguistic load, enables students to perform tasks, and supports language production (forced output) by providing glossaries with key vocabulary, templates for organizing ideas, or sentence structures for expressing scientific opinions, etc. Practical example: Visual aids, vocabulary cards, and simple sentence structures will be provided.

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Quality Principle No. 3: Rich Interaction and Pushed Output

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Quality Principle No. 3: Rich Interaction and Pushed Output

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Language acquisition is facilitated by the use of the target language in interaction, where feedback promotes interlingual development. Task design is essential to activate student interaction and production. (Tasks require students to present the results of an experiment in groups, answer questions from their peers, or record a podcast explaining a scientific concept).

Practical example: The game is based on collaboration and oral communication in English to achieve a goal.

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Quality Principle No. 4: Adding the (Inter-)cultural Dimension

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Quality Principle No. 4: Adding the (Inter-)cultural Dimension

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Students must not only learn to speak about key topics in the lingua franca, but also be aware of hidden cultural codes and appropriate linguistic and non-linguistic strategies for fluent and respectful communication.

Practical example: Examples of animals from different parts of the world can be included, and the importance of conservation in various cultural contexts can be discussed.

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Quality Principle No. 5: Make it H.O.T. (Higher-order thinking)

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Quality Principle No. 5: Make it H.O.T. (Higher-order thinking)

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Higher-order thinking (HOT) skills. A variety of cognitive activities must be activated, and effective teaching through tasks that require students to analyze and synthesize information from multiple sources, evaluate scientific theories, or create their own hypotheses involves creating environments where students feel engaged, challenged, and saturated with diverse types of input.

Practical example: Students will analyze the characteristics of animals to determine their correct habitat, applying classification and reasoning skills.

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Quality Principle No. 6: Sustainable Learning

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Quality Principle No. 6: Sustainable Learning

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To achieve long-term knowledge retention, knowledge must move from passive to active, allowing students to develop more complex thinking and express it, as in "translanguaging" activities where students paraphrase scientific concepts.

Practical example: The playful nature of the game and the repetition of vocabulary intertwined with real-life images will aid long-term retention.

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Components of creating and adapting didactic learning materials

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Components of creating and adapting didactic learning materials

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The CLIL pyramid is a tool for lesson planning and materials distribution, incorporating strategies and the principles of the 4Cs.