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460 BC: Ancient Greek Philosophers and Matter

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460 BC: Ancient Greek Philosophers and Matter

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Democritus and Leucippus proposed that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called 'atoms.' Though they couldn't prove it, their theory laid the groundwork for our modern understanding of matter!

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1661: Robert Boyle's Elements and Matter

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1661: Robert Boyle's Elements and Matter

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Robert Boyle defined elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down further. He also studied how gases behave under pressure, helping us understand the gaseous state of matter.

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Bernoulli proposed that gases consist of millions of tiny particles in constant motion, explaining gas pressure and temperature. This helped us understand why matter behaves differently in different states!

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1789: Antoine Lavoisier's Conservation of Mass

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1789: Antoine Lavoisier's Conservation of Mass

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Known as the 'Father of Modern Chemistry,' Lavoisier demonstrated that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions - it just changes form!

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Dalton proposed that all matter is made of atoms, each element has unique atoms, and atoms combine to form compounds. This was a huge breakthrough in understanding matter!

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Mendeleev organized elements based on their properties and atomic mass, creating the first periodic table. This helped scientists understand how different types of matter are related!

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Thomson discovered electrons, showing that atoms aren't indivisible after all! This revealed that matter has complex internal structure.

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Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms have a dense, positive nucleus surrounded by electrons. This changed our picture of how matter is structured!

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Scientists like Schrödinger and Heisenberg developed quantum mechanics, explaining how matter behaves at the tiniest scales. This showed that matter can act as both particles and waves!

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Scientists created a new state of matter called Bose-Einstein condensate at extremely cold temperatures. This showed that matter can exist in more states than just solid, liquid, and gas!