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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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No direct cause for ADHD has been found, yet scientists are studying potential causes (alongside genetics) such as brain injury and environmental exposure. Variations in the Latrophilin 3 gene (LPHN3) express ADHD, as was found by the National Human Genome Research Institute. (NHGRI)

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“Researchers Identify Gene Associated with ADHD Susceptibility.” Genome.Gov, www.genome.gov/27538023/2010-news-feature-researchers-identify-gene-associated-with-adhd-susceptibility#:~:text=An%20international%20team%20led%20by,deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20(ADHD). Accessed 8 Apr. 2024.                         

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3. Are there prenatal tests for ADHD? If so, how are they tested? How is the disorder diagnosed? 

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3. Are there prenatal tests for ADHD? If so, how are they tested? How is the disorder diagnosed? 

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There are no prenatal tests for ADHD. Researchers estimate that 10-40% of people with ADHD are more likely to inherit this disorder by environmental factors.

ADHD is diagnosed by a mental health professional or a primary care provider. Healthcare providers will follow the "American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual", which is also known as DSM-5.

DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD are...

6 or more Inattentive Sympotoms

6 or more Hyperactive Impulsive Symptoms

Symptoms need to be present when patient was a child

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 “Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Sept. 2023, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html.  

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A specialist can diagnose an individual after a thorough assesment.

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5. What are the symptoms or effects on the individual with this disorder? 

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5. What are the symptoms or effects on the individual with this disorder? 

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People who are diagnosed with ADHD experience ...

Signs of Inattentive Symptoms

Paying close attention to details when someone is talking to them directly

Being easily distracted by unrelated thoughts

Difficulty sustaining attention for long tasks/activities

Engage in tasks that require sustained attention

Following and finishing instructions in the workplace

Signs of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms

Fidgeting (tapping, rubbing, shaking)

Interrupting others / Has a difficult time to wait for their turn

Talkative

Difficulty engaging in quiet setting

Difficulty with sitting still

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Some traits of individuals with ADHD include but are not limited to impulsiveness, poor time management, lack of focus, excessive activity / restlessness, poor emotional regulation, disorganization, and a feeling of intense overwhelm at seemingly simple tasks. ADHD is often also coupled with traits such as anxiety and depression.

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7. Are there any treatment or cures for ADHD?

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7. Are there any treatment or cures for ADHD?

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Treatment for ADHD? Yes

Medication is used to target dopamine and nor-epinephrine which help the person concentrate and pay attention

Child needs to be 6 years old or older

Cure for ADHD? No

Psychological Counseling is a different alternative

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“Treatment of ADHD.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Sept. 2023, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/treatment.html. 

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Talk therapy can help someone with ADHD sort through their difficult thoughts and make sense of life with this disorder.

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There is no permanent cures for ADHD, but there are treatments to make life managable. Alongside many different types of medications, ADHD can be managed with therapy, meditation, education, and self-reflection.

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9. What is the current status of research on ADHD?

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9. What is the current status of research on ADHD?

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ADHD is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder that affects a large number of children and adults. CDC conducts research to expand on what's known about ADHD

Symptoms are caterized into 3 groups:

Inattentive

Hyperactivety

Impulsitivity

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10. What is the state of ADHD research today?

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10. What is the state of ADHD research today?

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ADHD research now is mainly focused on diagnoses and management rather than a cure. ADHD diagnoses are studied and on the rise as many people are skimmed over in adolecense and become diagnosed during adulthood. Young, hyper boys are the primary demographic to get diagnosed while girls tend to go un-noticed. Research also focuses on how ADHD is linked to other factors, from heart disease to literacy and cognition.

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“Add and ADHD News.” ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/add_and_adhd/. Accessed 8 Apr. 2024. 