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As a young child they learn one language in their household that is spoken. As they grow up they learn a second language that they will usually learn in school. Their cognitive ability is more strong in their first language than in their second language, so learning in a classroom setting will be very difficult. A child may excel when they are taught and spoke too in thier first language and is considered at grade level or above; but is way behind in her second language and is considered failing. This can delay a child's cognitive development as they get older.

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Linguistics is the study of langauge and how we learn. A person is not just going to learn by hearing someone speak a different language they need to be taught. A great way to introduce another language are visuals and pictures; expressions also help as well. When holding a card with a picture on it and then saying the word of what it is, is going to be more helpful to students who don't know your language. If a child is an ELL's student you would want to start off with phonics and teach them word fluency. This is how you will start to introduce words and vowel teams.

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A child's physical well being plays a huge factor in language development. A child needs to be at school in order to learn. As teachers we have no idea what a students home life is like or know if they will make it to school that day. The way a child lives plays a huge factor on a child physically, mentally, and emotionally. We don't know what that child has to deal with then they go home. We need to try and create a bond with each student and try to gain their trust that way we can help them in what ever way possible. We can make sure they will be academically successful.

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There are many affective factors that can impact a child either negatively or positively. When learning a second language a child may be shy, have anxiety, or have low self-esteem. All children just want to fit in, but when you are a child that doesn't know the language that everyone else speaks it can be hard to connect with teachers and peers.

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It is important how a teacher uses language in the classroom. Language is a huge part of classroom effectiveness and children will pick up on how you speak in the classroom. Some students are quick to answer questions than others, so be patient with all students. Their Homelife's may be different than what you think, maybe the child won't speak until they are spoken to. Different cultures parent a lot differently than an American house hold. Make sure that you communicate with all students and encourage them to talk and answer questions in class. All children have different values, beliefs, and are raised differently based on what each household is like and their culture. Please remember to make sure all students feel safe and comfortable to participate.

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Political attitudes can have a negative influence on second language learners because the language a student needs to learn is part of the society where a student may not feel welcomed or fit in. It can be very easy for a child to feel out of place in a new environment but especially if they can't communicate with others and feel out of place. Words may come off as negative to other students if they don't know the language and can make it hard to have clear communication and make friends. It can be very easy for second language learners to become frustrated and get upset.