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Taken from The Malaysia Culture Group website

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The Minangkabau hold the key to the history of Negeri Sembilan. They were immigrants from West Sumatra who settled in Negeri Sembilan between the 15th and 16th century, at the height of the Malaccan Sultanate. They continued the practice of their rich cultural heritage, which continues on today in the form of the fascinating Adat Perpatih, a matrilineal system of rule and inheritance, unique only to Negeri Sembilan. Their adats, or traditions are indeed to be credited with Negeri Sembilan's many interesting characteristic.

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Bah Gok, 1st generation of the Semai community from kampung batu 8, Tapah, Perak. He is seen wearing a traditional costume during the Upacara Keramaian in 1960. Picture given by Siti Aisyah Binti Ramli, Bah Gok's great granddaughter.

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The Semai have traditionally subsisted on the cultivation of manioc and rice, plus fishing, hunting, and trade in so-called “minor forest products” such as rattan. Increasingly, however, at least some are getting educations, and in a few cases university degrees. Some are entering professions as well as the labor pools in local towns.

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Kristang

Who Are They?

Festa San Pedro

How They Celebrate

References

Baba and Nyonya

Who Are They?

The Lantern Festival

How They Celebrate

References

Minangkabau

Who Are They?

Pesta Mengoca Ikan

How They Celebrate

References

Semai

Who Are They?

Jis Pai

How They Celebrate

References

Tausug

Who Are They?

Pangalay

How They Celebrate

References

Reflective Essay

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TROPA DE SANTA MARIA - Dance Troupe Dancers ©Sara Frederica Santa Maria‘s Facebook

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The Portuguese Settlement in Melaka, established in the early 16th century, holds historical ties to Portuguese colonizers. This gave rise to Kristang, a unique Creole language shaped by Portuguese-Malay interactions. The town's language combines Portuguese words and Malay syntax, showcasing the region's diverse cultural heritage.

Most Portuguese descendants reside in Ujong Pasir, Melaka, in the Portuguese Settlement. They celebrate holidays centered on fishermen's lives, traditions, livelihoods, and their Catholic faith. The Portuguese greatly influenced the region's multicultural heritage through interactions with the indigenous population.

(Taken from the coffee table book, KRISTANG Where History Speaks in a Unique Tongue published by ACADEMY OF LANGUAGE STUDIES UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN MELAKA KAMPUS ALOR GAJAH )

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Kristang dancers were performing during the Cultural Night Bakri ©Sara Frederica Santa Maria‘s Facebook

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Photo of Jesus statue located in the Portuguese Settlement, Melaka taken by photographer, Charmien Sofieya Binti Zamzuri.

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Picture of a Kristang Christmas delicacy made for visitors to try, taken by Charmien Sofieya binti Zamzuri

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The Portuguese Settlement in Melaka is where the Fiesta San Pedro is held on June 29 for a week long celebration. This celebration honors the Portuguese community's long-standing fishing industry by marking the Feast Day of St. Peter who is the patron saint of fishermen.

On June 29, there will be an Evening High Mass at the church in honor of St. Peter. The priest will bless fishing boats during this process.

There are live band performances, carnival rides, music, and bazaars all week long. The community's blended European and Asian background is highlighted through cultural acts like the branyo dance.

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From 23 to 29 June, holidaying tourists flock to Portuguese Settlement in Malacca to commemorate the annual feast of the fishermen; Fiesta San Pedro.

The Portuguese Settlement lies along the coastline of Malacca overlooking the Straits of Malacca. The village is situated approximately 2 kilometers south of Malacca town and is home to over 1,000 residents who are the descendants of the former Portuguese rulers in Malacca.

The Fiesta San Pedro commemorates the Feast Day of St Peter, the patron saint of the fishermen; the trade the Portuguese were traditionally steeped in. The official day for the Fiesta San Pedro is June 29, however the festivities run for a week before-hand, which has been running for the last 67 years, highlighting the traditional significance of the fishing trade to this seaside community.

The celebrations will culminate on June 29, the actual feast day of Saint Peter. Evening falls, and High Mass is celebrated in the Settlement church in honour of the saint. Following the Mass, the statue of the saint is carried in a procession around the Settlement, when the priest blesses the fishing boats.

A diversity of colours, sounds and activities mark the week-long fiesta. Bazaars, blaring music, flashing lights, amusements rides are among part of the festivities. When the night falls, live bands perform on the main stage. Cultural performances showcase the community's blended European and Asian heritage, with dances that are a fusion of European costumes, instruments and Asian costumes and instruments, such as the branyo dance.

The boats which are especially decorated for the occasion, are adorned with sketches and paintings of the New Testament scenes, Biblical figurines, nets full of catch from the sea and even little girls dressed in white depicting angels. The blessing of the boats indicate the fisherman's hope for a bountiful catch for the year ahead.

For more information, contact JKKK Portuguese Settlement at +606 281 2924.

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From 23 to 29 June, holidaying tourists flock to Portuguese Settlement in Malacca to commemorate the annual feast of the fishermen; Fiesta San Pedro. The Portuguese Settlement lies along the coastline of Malacca overlooking the Straits of Malacca.

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The annual San Pedro Festival at the Portuguese Settlement is a crowd puller. ©TheStar Mark of Rich History by Aida Ahmad

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Festa San Pedro 2022 marks the return of festivities at the Portuguese Settlement in Melaka. The festival is held to honor the feast day of St Peter, the patron saint of fishermen. Pictured are decorated boats belonging to the fishing community there. Photo: The Star/Filepic

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For this occasion, boats are decked out equipped with drawings, paintings from the New Testament, Biblical sculptures, nets catch fish, and kids are dressed as angels.

The blessing of the boats is indicates of hope that fishermen good crop and harvest in the next year.

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A joyous celebration, for Peter’s sake by TheStar

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0:14-0:45 - A brief introduction to the festival

0:55-1.30 - An interview of the history of the festival with Kristang activist, Martin Theseira

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Taken from TheStar, article titled Showcasing Minang Traditions; Students dressed in ‘Bundo Kanduang’ or traditional Minangkabau clothing during the launch of the Minangkabau Heritage Cultural and Culinary Festival at the National Museum in Kuala Lumpur.

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Taken from The Malaysian Culture Group website.

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According to Mohd Asyraf Solehin, 35, mengoca is an activity of catching fish collectively using hands besides equipment such as nets, traps, and plastic sieves.

The activity is a traditional-themed activity of Negeri Sembilan created initially under the Kampung Lonek Tourism Program.

The festivity is held in Kampung Lonek, Negeri Sembilan and is organized by the villagers themselves to welcome tourist from locally and internationally to learn about the culture and traditions of Negeri Sembilan.

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Pesta 'mengoca' ikan gamit nostalgia | Harian Metro

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Jelebu: "Saya tidak lepas peluang menyertai aktiviti mengoca ini. Rasa seronok dapat berendam di dalam sungai selepas sekian lama berkurung akibat Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP)," ujar Mohd Asyraf Solehin, 35.

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The participants will have to venture into the muddy waters of the paddy fields to catch fish together.

They are only allowed to use traditional fishing nets (sauk) and buckets (besen berlubang) to catch fish, and various prizes are provided for the participants.

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0:00-0:35 - A brief explanation of the festival

1:02-1:30 - An interview with participants of the festival

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PESTA MENJALA IKAN - TOBEK GODANG- Laporan Siti syarifah Ariffin [9 MEI 2015]

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The name "Tausug" supposedly means “People of the Current,” though it is also said to derive from tau, "person," and suug which is the old name for the island of Jolo. They are also known as the Philippine Muslims who were a dominant group in the country as they have 500 years political history which is the longest political experience compared to other groups in the whole Philippines. Then, most Muslims in the south migrated to Muslim countries in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and the Patani of southern Thailand. Their culture is a blend of Islam and adat. Most Malaysian Tausug live in small coastal communities such as in Sabah, West Malaysia. They are known for their colourful painted vinta boats and their mastery of crafts.

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Semai Boy at Pos Betau, Pahang, Malaysia (fazzzz’s photostream on Flickr, Creative Commons license), taken from website https://peacefulsocieties.uncg.edu/societies/semai/

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Known as the Babas and Nyonyas, they trace their history to intermarriage between Chinese traders and Malay women in the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries. The Baba-Nyonya or Peranakan Chinese are early immigrants from China. They openly adopted local beliefs and practices, resulting in a unique culture that is solely their own. Peranakan culture in Malaysia can be found in Penang and Malacca.

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Picture taken from TheStar, article titled Celebrating togetherness written by BERNARD SEE AND and LO TERN CHERN

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Since the Baba and Nyonya are peranakan Cina, most of their festivities are the same as those celebrated by the Chinese Malaysia. Here, we will discuss on the Lantern Festival.

This festival, also known as the Mooncake festival teaches us the importance of strengthening relationships with each other. This Mid-Autumn Festival falls on Sept 29, which is the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.

During the Shang Dynasty 3,500 years ago, this period was deemed the most auspicious for celebrating the harvest season and families would venture out to admire the full moon. There are several legends associated with the festival but the most popular is that of Chang Er, the wife of a cruel king. To save the people from her husband’s tyrannical rule, she drank the elixir of immortality he had intended to drink himself, and she ascended to the moon.

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IT WAS an evening of cultural extravaganza as several thousand people thronged Armenian Park in Armenian Street, the George Town heritage enclave for the Tanjong Lantern Festival.

There were various attractions at the event, held to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, including demonstrations of folk art, entertainment, food and lantern walk.

At one stall, children were taught the ancient Chinese folk art of paper cutting, known as jianzhi.

They created intricate images and patterns of animals and geometric patterns under the watchful eye of the stall keepers while their parents learned about brewing and serving Chinese tea at a nearby stall.

At one of the more popular stalls, people of all ages chose henna tattoo designs to be drawn on their arms.

Traditional Chinese dances featuring beautiful and graceful maidens in colourful costumes, and a Chinese instrument ensemble were among the entertainment highlights.

Adding to the atmosphere, were people dressed in hanfu, traditional attire of the Han Chinese. They walked around, giving visitors an opportunity to take pictures with them.

Food trucks served up dishes like char koay teow and koay teow th'ng that are synonymous with Penang.

There were also hamburgers, boba tea, fried spiral or tornado potatoes and Korean fried chicken among others.

French backpacker Alain Baptiste, 38, had just arrived in Penang and was headed to his hostel in Little India when he came across the event.

"I was highly entertained by the performances, and the food was exquisite.

"I had just come from the Philippines via Thailand, and I was feeling really hungry so seeing the numerous food trucks really made my day.

"I tried the char koay teow and the taste really fascinated me. The plate of savoury flat rice noodles was really delicious and tasted like nothing I've had before," said the first-time visitor.

Time to come together
The highlight of the event saw some 250 children and their families on a short lantern walk around Beach Street and Acheh Street, led by Komtar assemblyman Teh Lai Heng.

Present at the event were Chief Minister Chow Kon Yeow, Penang Island City Council (MBPP) mayor Datuk A. Rajendran, Pengkalan Kota assemblyman Wong Yuee Harng and MBPP councillor Alan Lim Wei Lun.

Chow, in his speech, said he was happy to be able to celebrate the festival with the people of Penang, especially residents of the Tanjong constituency.

"I'm glad to see so many people participating with their families and friends.

"This is an important festival for the Chinese community and a time for families to come together.

"We had to postpone this festival for three years due to the Covid-19 pandemic but it has returned this year with a bang.

"The event is the best time for the Chinese community to share their traditions with everyone, to promote harmony and unity."

Chow added that the participation of various races reflected the atmosphere of racial harmony in Malaysia.

He said September is special because both the Mid-Autumn Festival and Malaysia Day fell in the same month.

"This festival also known as the Mooncake or Lantern Festival teaches us the importance of strengthening relationships, while Malaysia Day teaches us unity.

"Therefore, we must always remember that, despite our different ethnicities and religions, we are all Malaysians.

"This is what unites us as one family to face the coming challenges together."

The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on Sept 29, which is the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.

During the Shang Dynasty 3,500 years ago, this period was deemed the most auspicious for celebrating the harvest season and families would venture out to admire the full moon.

There are several legends associated with the festival but the most popular is that of Chang Er, the wife of a cruel king.

To save the people from her husband's tyrannical rule, she drank the elixir of immortality he had intended to drink himself, and she ascended to the moon.
Innovative creations
The celebration would not be complete without the mouth-watering mooncakes, which are associated with a folk tale of revolutionaries using the cakes to smuggle messages in their effort to overthrow the Mongols.

Each year, mooncake producers have come up with bolder, more imaginative fillings to cater to the young and health-conscious market.

Among them is Alice Lim, 51, whose mooncakes are made using natural ingredients, including osmanthus flowers, goji berries, vanilla, milk and butterfly pea flowers.

Her specialities are jelly mooncakes that resemble crystal cubes adorned with vibrant three-dimensional designs.

"When customers present these mooncakes on special occasions, I feel a profound sense of joy knowing that I've contributed to their happiness," she said.

Another manufacturer, Leong Yin Pastry, is introducing flavours like the "Baba Nyonya", lychee with cranberry and yuzu, and six coarse grains with yam.

The company is among the country's largest mooncake and pastry manufacturers.

Its managing director Dr Leong Kok Fei said the three flavours were among the company's 18 varieties this year.

"Nowadays, customers are more health conscious and selective of what they eat so we decided to produce mooncakes using fruits, nuts and grains.

"In addition to its lotus paste filling, the Baba Nyonya mooncake contains sambal and dried shrimp with a blend of spices that is synonymous with Penang, which is famed for its Peranakan culture.

"The lychee, cranberry and yuzu mooncake will appeal to the younger generation with its refreshing flavour.

"Those who are health conscious may opt for the six coarse grain-yam mooncake.

"The fillings contain pumpkin seeds, melon seeds, walnuts and oats, with the middle filled with yam paste instead of salted egg yolk."

"The majority of consumers still prefer traditional flavours, such as lotus paste, red bean paste and pandan paste.

"Traditional mooncakes make up about 60% of our total sales," he said.

The company also manufactures a wide range of mooncakes and supplies mooncake pastes for local and foreign markets.

Leong said the company imported 80% of its raw ingredients and the confections were produced at its factory in Juru, Bukit Mertajam.

"Prices have changed a little this year.

"We believe market response will be as good as it was last year, following the lifting of the (Covid-19) movement control order.

"We have received a high number of orders from retailers.

"Many customers will continue buying mooncakes as it is an essential and symbolic gift either to express appreciation or to foster better bonds," he added.

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IT WAS an evening of cultural extravaganza as several thousand people thronged Armenian Park in Armenian Street, the George Town heritage enclave for the Tanjong Lantern Festival.

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Malaysians perform lion dance to celebrate the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival in Malacca, Malaysia, on Feb. 24, 2013. [Xinhua/Chong Voon Chung]

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During Chap Goh Mei or the Lantern Festival, people enjoy lion and dragon dances, and eat tangyuan, a type of glutinous rice ball delicacy that symbolises togetherness and harmony in the family.

Solving riddles and guessing poems are also involved but it is not common in Malaysia.

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Oranges in water, love in air: Many colours of Lunar New Year celebrations

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Oranges in water, love in air: Many colours of Lunar New Year celebrations

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Tradition meets modernity on the fifteenth and last day of the festivities that conclude with the Lantern Festival or Chap Goh Mei in Malaysia and Singapore.

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0:00-0:31 - A brief introduction to the festival.

1:02-1:50 - Interviews with participants of the festival.

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Mid-Autumn Festival: Lantern parade lights up Malaysia's sky

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I'm Wan Nur Athirah Aisyah Binti Hamzah from class LG243 1A and here, I'll be explaining on what I'm doing for this assessment.

This padlet was created for my EIC404 CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES IN MALAYSIA course in semester 1. I'll be explaining about 5 ethnics in Malaysia, which are Kristang, Baba and Nyonya, Minangkabau, Semai, and Tausug, and their seasonal festivities that they celebrate. The purpose of this assessment is to spread cultural awareness and become a better Malaysian by all means. Thank you and please enjoy!

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Ahmad, A. (2023, September 16). Mark of Rich History. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/09/16/mark-of-rich-history

CAWANGAN MELAKA KAMPUS ALOR GAJAH, A. O. L. S. U. T. M. (UiTM). (2024). KRISTANG Where History Speaks in a Unique Tongue. ACADEMY OF LANGUAGE STUDIES UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN MELAKA KAMPUS ALOR GAJAH. April 20, 2024, https://www.canva.com/design/DAF2-TMQdm0/9JOf6F-Mb59_UGcOlRnjiQ/edit?utm_content=DAF2-TMQdm0&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton

Goh, D. (2022, June 30). After two years, Festa San Pedro returns to Melaka’s Portuguese settlement. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2022/06/28/after-two-years-festa-san-pedro-returns-to-melaka039s-portuguese-settlement

Log into Facebook. Facebook. (n.d.-a). https://www.facebook.com/sarafrederica.santamaria

News & media. FIESTA SAN PEDRO - Tourism Malaysia Corporate Site. (n.d.). https://www.tourism.gov.my/media/view/fiesta-san-pedro

YouTube. (2023, July 19). A joyous celebration, for peter’s sake. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo-4RVJzrgc

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Caritech. (n.d.). Peranakan. myPenang. https://mypenang.gov.my/culture-heritage/heritage-zones/peranakan/?lg=en

Fernando, M. (2024, February 23). Oranges in water, love in air: Many colours of lunar new year celebrations. Oranges in water, love in air: Many colours of Lunar New Year celebrations. https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/oranges-in-water-love-in-air-many-colours-of-lunar-new-year-celebrations-17096914#:~:text=During%20Chap%20Goh%20Mei%20or,not%20as%20common%20in%20Malaysia.

Keeping the Baba-nyonya culture of Penang alive - jstor daily. (n.d.). https://daily.jstor.org/keeping-the-baba-nyonya-culture-of-penang-alive/

Malaysians perform lion, dragon dances to celebrate Lantern Festival. Malaysians perform lion, dragon dances to celebrate Lantern Festival - China.org.cn. (n.d.). http://www.china.org.cn/travel/2013-02/25/content_28049288.htm

Murali, R. (2023, January 13). World’s biggest Peranakan Lanterns to usher in CNY on Melaka’s Jonker Walk. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2023/01/13/world039s-biggest-peranakan-lanterns-to-usher-in-cny-on-melaka039s-jonker-walk

YouTube. (2016, September 15). Mid-Autumn Festival: Lantern parade lights up Malaysia’s sky. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUhhFkH2gfM&t=45s

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Aisa, N. I. (2023, January 8). Tradisi Unik “mengoca” Tarik Pelancong Luar. Nadi Bangi UKM. https://www.nadibangiukm.com/post/tradisi-unik-mengoca-tarik-pelancong-luar

Author  Museum Volunteers, J. (2016, April 4). The minangkabau of negeri sembilan. Museum Volunteers, JMM. https://museumvolunteersjmm.com/2016/04/04/the-minangkabau-of-negeri-sembilan/

Manap, A. H. A. (2021, October 17). Pesta “mengoca” ikan gamit nostalgia. Harian Metro. https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2021/10/767265/pesta-mengoca-ikan-gamit-nostalgia

Nov 2016 - Mother Knows Best. the fascinating world of the minangkabau. - The Malaysia Culture Group. (n.d.). http://www.mcgkl.org/Lectures+%26+Excursions+-+Recent+reviews_170_1.htm

Yahya, O. A. (2018, February 15). Cuti Panjang Peluk Patin. HM Online. https://api.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2015/05/48319/cuti-panjang-peluk-patin

YouTube. (2015, May 9). Pesta Menjala Ikan - Tobek GODANG- Laporan Siti Syarifah Ariffin [9 mei 2015]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iFe3jBEtOo

YouTube. (2019, February 14). Pesta Mengemping Dan Mengoca Ikan. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdgeUZGCgJI

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Due to the fact that Tausug people of Malaysia are of Muslim population, they do not celebrate most festivities supposedly shared by the Philippines. So here, Pangalay is the dance performed during celebrations such as on Hari Malaysia.

Pangalay refers to a dancing among the Tausug people performed primarily during social occasions as part of maglami-lami or "merry-making". It is an additional performance during celebrations such as Hari Raya and marriage.

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The dance involves slow-movement that focuses on conventional motifs of the hands and arms. It integrates spontaneity and imagination in an agential process of each dancer grounded in visual notions of the curvilinear, denoting kinesthetically bound movement imbued with the aesthetic qualities of the body curving and curling in space (Quintero, 2016).

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“TIYULA ITUM” AND PANGALAY_ SULUK ANTHEMIC EXPRESSIONS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA - 20508

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The Pangalay dance of Tausug people

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PANGALAY-Inspired Folk Dance | Philippines Cultural Heritage [Filipino Muslim Tausug Tribal Music]

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Cultural orientation. FAMiliarization. (n.d.). https://fieldsupport.dliflc.edu/products/tausug/tx_co/website/default.html?type=chapter%25index&moduleID=0&taskID=2

Sea Heritage & History. Facebook. (n.d.). https://www.facebook.com/SEAheritagehistory/posts/malaysian-tausugs-tausug-malaysian-officially-known-in-malaysia-as-suluk-are-mal/768871640311989/

Sea Heritage & History. Facebook. (n.d.-b). https://www.facebook.com/479221029277053/posts/malaysian-tausugs-tausug-malaysian-officially-known-in-malaysia-as-suluk-are-mal/768871640311989/

Tausug. Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage - BARMM. (2022, November 28). https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/tausug/

Tausug. California State University, East Bay. (n.d.). https://www.csueastbay.edu/museum/virtual-museum/the-philippines/peoples/tausug.html

Tausug. Parangal. (n.d.). https://www.parangal.org/tausug

The history of the Muslim in the Philippines - national commission for culture and the arts. (n.d.-b). https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta/central-cultural-communities/the-history-of-the-muslim-in-the-philippines/

YouTube. (2021, May 1). Pangalay-inspired folk dance | philippines cultural heritage [filipino Muslim tausug tribal music]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51cEsGcxOec

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Picture taken from TheStar article titled Harvest celebration

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Jis Pai is a New Year celebration for the Semai indigenous community, commonly celebrated together with the entire village population. The celebration is done throughout the months of January to March every year. This celebration provides a glimpse into the life of the Orang Asli community, emphasizing a sharing of a common culture amongst the indigenous ethnic groups. The primary focus of the Jis Pai celebration is to express gratitude for the harvest blessings bestowed by God throughout the year. The celebration is a longstanding tradition passed down through generations.

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Picture taken from Facebook page, SEA Heritage & History.

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During the celebration, they hold an open house, warmly welcoming and inviting guests into their homes.

In the evening, traditional dance performances, previously known as the sewang dance, have been replaced with live band performances.

A dish served during the celebration is lemang pulut, complemented by various side dishes and desserts. This feast is offered to guests during the Jis Pai celebration.

Various activities are organized from morning until night, including football and netball tournaments, craft exhibitions, demonstration of traditional cooking, and sales of Orang Asli crafts.

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0:23-0:49 - An interview with one of the villagers about the sewang, a dance performed for celebrations and festivals.

1:48-2:07 - The dance and music

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Budiey. (2009, January 28). ASYIKFM Meriahkan JIS Pai Dengan Malam gerenti asyik. Budiey Channel. https://www.budiey.com/asyikfm-meriahkan-jis-pai-dengan-malam-gerenti-asyik

Peaceful societies. (n.d.). https://peacefulsocieties.uncg.edu/societies/semai/

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