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Babylon (modern Iran). Susian. c. 1792–1750 bce. Basalt.

Background
The Code of Hammurabi was an important Babylonian work that was created under the rule of Hammurabi. This work served to codify laws in the Babylonian Empire. This was done in order to prevent people from pleading ignorance to the laws which had been dictated on the stele. In fact, some modern legal systems can be traces back to the ideas/laws set forth by Hammurabi despite the stele being lost until the 20th century.

Connections
- Nan Madol - the Venice of the pacific shares a similarity with the Code of Hammurabi in that they both use Basalt
- The Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer - Both works share in that they depict a human interacting with a deity figure from their respective cultures

Price
This work has been priced at a range between $300000 to $1500000 due to similar works being within said price range as well as the fact that this is probably one of the most infamous ancient Sumerian steles.

Sources
https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/important-sumerian-steatite-temple-stele-w-eye-id-67a-c-4844e09a5c
https://smarthistory.org/hammurabi-2/

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Constantinople (Istanbul). Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. 532–537 ce. Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer.

Background
The Hagia Sophia, which translates to Holy Wisdom from Greek, was built under the command of Justinian I stood as the most important cathedral in all of the Orthodox Christian world. It stood as one of the largest churches in the world until Byzantium fell to the Ottoman Turks and it was turned into a Mosque. The Muslim conquest brought about the addition of the minarets to the structure, which are important pieces in any Islamic Mosque. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Mosque was then converted into a museum until then recently Turkish president Erdogan converted it back into a mosque. The Hagia Sophia represents a long history of conquest and religion in the region, going from being a shimmering symbol of the might of Christendom to becoming a large towering mosque.

Connections
- San Vitale - Employs a similar central plan to the Hagia Sophia & the usage of mosaics across the building itself
- Great Mosque of Cordoba - usage of aniconic imagery following its conversion into a Mosque displays similarities with other Islamic structures

Price
This price ($10899505000) has been selected due to various factors. For one, the value of the land that the Hagia Sophia sits on, as well as the cost of materials to build it. Moreover, we have historical estimates that state the amount of gold paid to build it which also adds to the cost. And finally, we have expected revenue from tourism which also increases the price of the Hagia Sophia.

Sources
https://smarthistory.org/hagia-sophia-istanbul/
https://madeinturkeytours.com/istanbul/hagia-sophia/

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Edirne, Turkey. Sinan (architect). 1568–1575 ce. Brick and stone.

Background
This mosque stands as a testament to the power the Ottomans commanded at their height. Following their conquest of Constantinople, the Ottomans were practically unstoppable, and had far reaching influence in the Balkan region of Europe. As such, Selim II, Ottoman Sultan at the time built this mosque to represent the power of his empire and their dominance over Byzantium. This mosque mimics the Hagia Sophia while augmenting the size of its dome in order to display the grandeur of the Ottomans.

Connections
- The Great Mosque at Cordoba - Both mosques employ the usage of aniconic imagery and have inscriptions on their walls of Islamic calligraphy
- Kaaba - Both sites employ minarets, much like other mosques, as a form of calling Muslims to prayer

Price
Unlike the Hagia Sophia, which this is based on, the Mosque of Selim II does not get as much tourism revenue making its price much lower. Moreover land in Edurne is much less valuable. As well as this, historic records of the cost indicate that it cost as much to build as “the revenue of the Ottoman country of Cyprus”, which leads us to a total estimated value of $74100000.

Sources
https://selimiyemosque.wordpress.com/
https://smarthistory.org/mimar-sinan-mosque-of-selim-ii-edirne/

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Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Italy

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Imperial Roman. Early first century ce. Marble.

Background
This colossal Roman statue stands as a testament to the power of the first Roman emperor, Augustus. His cuirass depicts a scene of victory over the Parthians, Rome’s main rival at the time of his emperorship. Now owned by the Vatican Museum, this sculpture serves as a prime example of Roman idealized statues depicting their emperors as these great powerful figures. Augustus was perhaps one of the most important figures in Roman history, marking a turning point from the Republican era to the Imperial era. This statue immortalizes him as one of Rome’s greatest emperors.

Connections
- Head of a Roman Patrician - Both works are marble sculptures depicting high ranking members of Roman society
- Justinian Mosaic - Both works similarly depict an important Emperor in Roman History, however through different mediums

Price
Based on other Roman statues of similar size and technique to Augustus of Prima Porta, we can determine that the price of this artwork would be anywhere from $24600000 to $30000000. This is in accordance with the sale price of other auctioned Roman statues.

Sources
https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/hamilton-aphrodite-auction-record-1234612590/#
https://smarthistory.org/augustus-of-primaporta/

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Versailles, France. Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart (architects). Begun 1669 ce. Masonry, stone, wood, iron, and gold leaf (architecture); marble and bronze (sculpture); gardens.

Background
King Louis XIV had wanted to move his royal court out of Paris to Versailles. However, the only thing standing at his desired site was a hunting lodge. Therefore he was determined to create a grand palace in this place. The Palace is so large that is can hold all of Louis and his family as well as his (around 20,000) courtiers. The design of the palace draws particular aspects from classical architecture. Moreover, the interior of the Palace is full of ornamentation. Rooms full of gold served to display the majesty of the House of Bourbon, and Louis XIV himself.

Connections
- Athenian Acropolis - Versailles’ symmetrical, repetitive, and simple elements directly borrow from Ancient Greek temples.
- White House - The facade that faces the garden at Versailles appears to be similar to that of the White House, except less white and much larger

Price
The price of the Palace of Versailles has been determined to be $543325000000 based on estimates made by the French Government on how much it cost to build the colossal palace as well as modern estimates for structures that can house upwards of 20,000 people.

Sources
https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/key-dates/grand-versailles-project#phase-1
https://smarthistory.org/chateau-de-versailles/

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London, England. Charles Barry and Augustus W. N. Pugin (architects). 1840–1870 ce. Limestone masonry and glass.

Background
The Palace of Westminster was an endeavor that the British sought to undergo in order to build a new seat of Parliament. As such a contest was held to determine who would build the new palace and in what style it would be built in. In the end, Barry and Pugin won the contest and combined their respective ideas of Gothic and Classical architecture into Westminster. Nowadays, Westminster sees most of the important government functions. Both Houses of Parliament, Commons & Lords, operate within this palace. In summation, this magnificent structure not only displays the majesty of British history, but it also determines the future of the British people through its parliamentary function.

Connections
- Nan Madol - Both structures serve as a seat of power in their respective countries. Nan Madol served as sort of an imperial palace whereas Westminster serves as the House of Parliament which runs the United Kingdom
- Chartres Cathedral - Both works employ Gothic techniques in their construction and ornamentation which is meant (in Westminster) to harken back to British history

Price
It has been determined that the Palace of Westminster would be valued at around $2086290200 based on records by the British Government about how much it would cost at the time of construction then further adjusted for inflation. Based on those estimates, it is reasonable to reach this price also assuming that added value of it being the main seat of the British government.

Sources
https://www.kwbell.eu/photos/westminster/
https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/
https://smarthistory.org/barry-pugin-parliament/

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Illustration from the Results of the First Five Year Plan

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Illustration from the Results of the First Five Year Plan

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Varvara Stepanova. 1932 ce. Photomontage.

Background
Following the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks came out on top and installed their leader, Vladimir Lenin, in power. This photomontage depicts one of his most important contributions to the Soviet Union which were his First Five Year Plans. These plans served to modernize Russia through a process of rapid collectivization and industrialization. These plans transformed Russia into a country centered on industry as opposed to agriculture. This led to a massive loss of life due to famine. This work serves to propagandize the results of the First Five Year Plan to distract people from its horrendous failure to help Russian society as rapid industrialization drove many out of work and into poverty.

Connections
- Lintel 25 from Yaxchilan - Both works serve as sort of propaganda to legitimize the reign of the current ruler. In the Mayan case it is to show Lady Xook in a revered blood letting ritual, and in Stepanova’s case it is to show the (alleged) successes of the Leninist Five Year Plans
- Chairman Mao En Route to Anyuan - Both works depict early stages of Communist ruler’s reign and serve to provide more support and propaganda for their rule in order to stabilize their fledgling regime

Price
This work has been determined to be worth between $5000 to $7000 based on the sale of other similar photomontages by Stepanova which depict Soviet propaganda. Other similar works have sold at auction between that range.

Sources
https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/varvara-stepanova-1894-1958-enemy-intervention-en-249-c-aee4b4c804
https://smarthistory.org/stepanova-the-results-of-the-first-five-year-plan/

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Mexica (Aztec). 1428–1520 ce. Feathers (quetzal and cotinga) and gold.

Background
This headdress was made for the Aztec Emperor using highly sought after Quetzal feathers. It is first mentioned in the records of Ferdinand II von Tyrol, the Archduke of Austria when he acquired it in 1596. However, it was likely sent over by Hernan Cortes as tribute to his Spanish overlords. This headdress is a sign of the power, majesty, and wealth that the Aztecs possessed prior to the Spanish conquest as evidenced by its materials being primarily rare quetzal feathers which were often associated with the divine in Aztec culture.

Connections
- Ahu’ula - Both works are made using very rare and prized feathers and were intended to be used my an elite figure in their respective societies
-  Gold & Jade Crown - This Korean crown relates to the Feather Headdress in that both were meant to be worn on the head by members of the ruling family. In the case of the crown, it was the Queen of the Silla Kingdom, but the Feather Headdress was meant for the Aztec Emperor

Price
A price of $92,000 has been reached for the Aztec Ruler’s Feather Headdress based on historical records of Hernan Cortes’ tribute to the King of Spain. He sent the headdress to the King of Spain as his tribute at one point which means that this would be priced at around $92,000 based on what we know that Hernan Cortes had to pay in tribute at the time.

Sources
https://www.metmuseum.org/articles/golden-kingdoms-ancient-tributes
https://smarthistory.org/feathered-headdress-aztec/