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Bushrangers were outlaws in the Australian outback during the 18th and 19th centuries. Initially, the term referred to escaped convicts hiding in the bush. It later included criminals living off the land, engaging in robbery and violence.

They became infamous for daring hold-ups of stagecoaches, banks, and towns. Notable bushrangers like Ned Kelly became folk heroes, viewed by some as rebels against colonial authority.

Their exploits are a significant part of Australian history and folklore, symbolizing resistance and the wild, rugged spirit of early Australia.

Ned Kelly was known for his iconic suit of armor and the Kelly Gang.

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A bush ballad is a kind of song, usually in the style of poetry and folk music. the contents are mostly about the scenery (hence the term 'bush') and Australian life. The 'bush' refers to a natural enviroment that is not inhabitated, regardless of vegetation, that was unique to Australia. It was very different from the largely seen green landscape in Europe.

The ballad itself usually narates a story, like seen in the 'Waltzing Mathilda'. It can have tones of humor or a heavier gloomier tone.

It dates back to around 1800s, to European Settlments, when they brought back their folk music. It started gaining popularity around late 19th.

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Culture identity and folklore

Bushrangers hold a place in Australian history, symbolizing defiance, resourcefulness, and adventure. Their stories, embedded in songs, folklore, and collective memory, paint Australians as rebellious spirits. This perception traces back to Australia’s origins as a penal colony.

Impact on government and policing

The activities of bushrangers compelled the colonial government to increase law enforcement, reflecting the challenge of maintaining order in Australia’s vast, rugged terrain. Efforts to capture bushrangers led to significant advancements in policing and the development of a more structured legal system, highlighting their profound impact on the early governance of the country.

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Waltzing Matilda is an Australian bush balled known as the unofficial national anthem of Australia. It was written by Andrew Barton "Banjo" Paterson in 1895.

This song is about a traveling farm worker (Swagman) who captures a sheep (jumbuck) to eat. The man seen by the owner of the sheep and three policemen and went after him. He declares "You'll never catch me alive!" and commits suicide by drowning himself in a nearby waterhole (Billabong).

It is one of the most famous bush ballads and it includes the typical style and peotry of the late 1900's. The song is covered by several artists like the Australian singer Slim Dusty and André Rieu.