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Once the researcher has selected the problematic situation and the area of interest for their investigation, the literature review becomes essential. This review helps to find resources and previous studies that the researcher can use as references, as well as to identify related research on the same topic or object of study.

In the literature review, the goal is to address the research question and broaden the understanding of topics related to the thesis. Conducting this review is crucial so that the researcher gains a more objective perspective on their topic and has evidence to support their theories or arguments. Information from previous authors and related works can address many of the arguments or questions raised in the research.

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1. When reviewing the objectives of the literature review in research, one important goal could be to place the research within a specific context. This means situating the study within a particular environment or within existing research frameworks, allowing for the synthesis of information to identify previous studies. In this way, it shows how this information integrates with and contributes to the field of knowledge.

2. Another important aspect of conducting a literature review is that it helps us determine whether the research problem is well-directed or if it needs to be revised.

3. The literature review helps us identify which articles or studies are useful for our research purpose and which are not.

4. It helps us analyze whether the research methodology is suitable for our proposal. The experimental design may be adjusted by reviewing how other studies have been conducted.

5. The literature review also provides us with the opportunity to demonstrate to others the significance of our research objective or the problem situation we are presenting, as well as the chance to learn more about the topic at hand.

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This process helps to determining what works, exploring a topic of interest, finding areas for further study, providing background for your research, or analyzing research methodologies. There are several keys to conduct a literature review:

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The process for conducting a literature review

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The process for conducting a literature review

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(a) to help figure out what works: Educators, administrators, and other professionals often search for ideas through workshops, online resources, conference displays, or by observing practices in nearby classrooms. While these sources may offer suggestions, it may be unclear whether these methods are backed by research. By examining the literature, educators can find valuable information about practices that have been tested with students in situations similar to their own. This way, they can discover specific details about what is effective and what is not.

(b) to pursue a topic, problem, or question of professional and/or personal interest: Whether you are a teacher, a graduate student, or both, you might need to explore a topic through a literature review, either by choice or assignment. You could have a specific research issue in mind and might have even drafted some preliminary questions. Whether your focus is on graphic organizers, multiple intelligences, class size, or any other subject, a literature review can be a valuable way to pose questions and start finding answers. For example, if you have tried cooperative learning as a teacher and found it did not work for you, the literature might either surprise you or confirm your experience. Overall, a literature review is a great opportunity to deepen your understanding of a subject of interest.

(c) to pinpoint an area of further study: When you examine an existing research, If you are interested in a specific topic, you might find that there is little to no research on it. For example, if you want to study how learning strategies affect state test scores, you might not find much information on that topic. However, if you look at research on learning strategies in general, you might notice that while there is a lot of research on learning strategies overall, there is not much about their impact on test-taking. By digging into the literature, you can identify specific areas where more research is needed.

(d) to provide a rationale/background for study: If you are a graduate student working on a thesis, dissertation, or research project, you will need to include a literature review in your work. A literature review helps you gain a deeper understanding of your topic and builds a strong case for why your research is important. For example, if you want to study the use of math manipulatives, a literature review allows you to demonstrate why this topic matters and helps you refine your research problem, questions, or hypotheses.

(e) to survey or analyze research methodology: When you select a topic to study, identify gaps in existing research, and provide background information, a literature review can also help you to see how others have approached the topic. By reviewing previous studies, you can refine your ideas, spot any weaknesses, or find new research opportunities. For instance, if research on token systems mostly uses single-subject experiments, you might find that your questions are better suited for a large-group study. Alternatively, you might decide to explore the effects of token systems on student motivation in a more descriptive, qualitative way. In short, examining how others have researched the topic can guide you in designing your own study.

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Boudah, D. J. (2011). Identifying a research problem and question, and searching relevant literature. SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483349138 (https://sk-sagepub-com.crai-ustadigital.usantotomas.edu.co/books/conducting-educational-research/n2.xml)