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what are the processes  that turn pig iron into steel?

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what are the processes  that turn pig iron into steel?

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the pig iron must first be extracted from iron by smelting in a blast furnace

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the blast furnace is a ceramic refractory lined tall reactor

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iron ore

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coke

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limestone

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burns to form carbon monoxide, wich passes over the iron ore, reducing the iron oxides to metallic iron

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absorbs impurities from the ore and forms fluid slag (wuch floats on the surface of the heavier molten iron

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is kept in continuous operations and at intervals the iron and slag are run off separately

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mixed in correct propotions in

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the iron extracted from the blast furnace is known as pig iron

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it contains a number of impurities and it's very brittle and difficult to work

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it's converted into steel by removing most but no all of the impurities

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the resulting steel is harder than iron bevaus is has been made with ad additional percentage of carbon

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is a method of shaping an object by pouring a liquid into a mould and letting it harder

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often form the basis fot choosing casting over other shaping processes such as machining, forging, wilding and stamping

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Some of the reasons for the success of the casting process are:

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Some of the reasons for the success of the casting process are:

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he most intricate shapes, both external and internal, may be cast. As a result, many other operations, such as machining, forging or welding can be minimised or eliminated

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because of their physical properties, some metals can only be cast to shape since they cannot be hot-worked into bars, rods or plates

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construction is simplified as objects can be cast in a single piece which would otherwise require assembly of several pieces

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The most common types of casting are die-casting, sand casting and continuous or strand casting.

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Die-casting is the process of forcing molten metal into the cavities of steel moulds under high pressure.

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this process would probably be far more economical

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There are four major steps in the die-casting process

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There are four major steps in the die-casting process

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First, the mould is sprayed with lubricant and closed.Molten metal is then injected into the die under high pressure. The high pressure assures a casting as precise and as smooth as the mould.Once the cavity is filled, the pressure is maintained until the casting has become solid.Finally, the die is opened and the casting is ejected.

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This method is a hot forming process applied to iron and steel parts. This hot forming process is used very frequently for the casting of industrial products and parts, such as engine blocks

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In this process, heat is applied to soften the piece of metal. Metal is usually cast in a sand mould. When the metal has become solid, the mould is broken to remove the casting

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is a refinement of the casting process for the continuous, high-volume production of metal sections with a constant cross-section.

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Continuous casting provides a better quality product as it allows finer control over the casting process, along with the obvious advantages inherent in a continuous forming process