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time period

historical context

typical features, ideas

main representative (life, work - key facts)

other writers

+ add 1-2 pictures

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1500-1670

first immigrants in America wrote letters, diaries, journals and histories

books about interactions with Native Americans

John Smith - English explorer and president of the Jamestown Colony, he wrote histories about Virginia (published in 1608 and 1624)

other writers = Colombus, William Bradford

(Dolák, Vizner)

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-   The second half of 19th century – beginning of 20th century

-   Historical context: the period of time from the Civil war to the end of the century

-  Realism wa influenced by contemporary events – negative impacts of the industial revolution, deficient solution to social issues, living conditions of the poor people and problems in family relationships

-   Topics: everyday situation, real life, common problems

-    Realisms authors tried to showed the real world without any beautification

-       Typical features, ideas

-       Genres:novels, short stories

-       Stories was written in natural language, detailed descriptions

-       Authors: MARK TWAIN, HERMANN MELVILLE

Mark Twain

-       American journalist, he spent his childhood in Missori -> inspiration for his work

-       He wanted to become steersman

-       He wrote humorous stories, reports, travelogues

-       The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Hermann Melville

-       American novelist, a lifeguard and sailor on a whaling ship

-       He depicted the exotic landscape, the adventurous life of the poeple

-       Moby Dick,White Whale

Other authors: Willa Cather, and Kate Chopin.

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During late 19th - early 20th century

World war I. -> 1914-1918

Main idea: A rejection of history, traditionalism and conservative values

Artistic movement -> architecture, art, literature, music….

Typical features: abstract art, first person perspective, symbolism…

Themes in literature: isolation, individualism, absurd society, mental problems, existential crisis…

LITERATURE:

Virginia Woolf (*1882-✝️1941)

English writer

Had mental problems -> committed suicide

Bloomsbury group -> group of artists

Works: Mrs. Dalloway, Orlando, To the Lighthouse

James Joyce (*1882-✝️1941)

Irish writer

He lived in Dublin

books from the Dublin environment

Stream of consciousness -> narrative technique captures the flow of characters thoughts

Works: Odesseus, Dubliners

Marcel Proust -> In Search of Lost Time

ART:

Piet Mondrian

Salvator Dali

made by: Sabina Pavelková

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post 1920s

term used to desribe the generation of writers active immediately after World war I

-> Gertrude Stein

Young postwar generation characterized by lost hope and faith.

Typical features: presence of war, jazz, alcohol, “Iceberg Theory”, influence of European culture, symbolism like colors, nature

Ernest Hemingway (1898, Chicago - 1961)

author and journalist

began writing in high school

Ambulance driver during World War I in Italy

Nobel Prize in literature, 1954

Suicide

-> The old man and the sea

-> For Whom the Bell Tolls

-> A Farewell to Arms

John Steinbeck (1902, California - 1968)

working on farmes and ranches

try to write in NY - no success (novels Cup of gold, To a God unknown)

1935 - Tortilla Flat won Club’s Gold Medal

1940 - Pulitzer Prize for The Grapes of Wrath

1962 - The Nobel Prize

-> East of Eden

-> Of Mice and Men

Francis Scott Fitzgerald - The Great Gatsby

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry - Le Petit Prince

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2nd half of the 19th century

describes the ugliness of life and importance of money

A type of extreme realism

Genres: Novels and Short Stories

Topics: ugliness of life, importance of money, poverty, survival

Pessimism => The glass is totally half empty, guys, …

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1876 – 1916

He was successful sailor, tramp and gold-miner before he started to write

His the most populat stories are connected with Alaska at the time of gold rush

Books deal with strrugle of the man with nature

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The Call of the Wild

White Fang
It is a companion novel (and a thematic mirror) to London's best-known work, The Call of the Wild, which is about a kidnapped, domesticated dog embracing his wild ancestry to survive and thrive in the wild.

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18th century

Many influential thinkers and writers emerged, contributing to the development of American identity and ideals

Some notable authors from this period include Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson.

Franklin "Autobiography," future president

Paine "Common Sense"

Jefferson "Declaration of Independence," future president

All works played a significant role in shaping American thought and values

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-  1st half of the 19th century

(After War of Independence)

-  way of thinking that the person is over the group, person’s emotional experience over reason

Imagination, emotions and intuition dominated over facts

-  Genres: Poetry, short stories + Gothic Novel

-  Topics: nature, freedom and lovec

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-  1809 – 1849

- Gothic novel writer

-  A founder of horror and detective story

-  Suffered from mental disorders => ill heroes are also in his works

-  Features of his work - mystery, horror, unhappy love, depression

-  he had become an orphan by the time he was three years old

- He was taken in by the wealthy Allan family and even took the surname of his foster parents5 as his own middle name

Famous works:

- “The Pit and the Pendulum” – One story about man in the prison

- “The Raven” – Mysterious raven visits depressed mad lover

- “The Black cat and other stories “

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Time period-> 1490-1700

Native Americans literature is both oral and written.

It was produced by Native Americans in what is now the United States.

Oral traditions include: narrative story-telling, songs, chants and poetry used for rituals and ceremonies.

Element of nature are the most common festure.

Most stories include a hero on a quest, a trickster who interferes, a change in nature.

Main representatives-> Louise Erdrich.

Writter with indian origins.

-her books have won the Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction

-She writte novel The Sentence.

others: Joy Harjo.

Sherman Alexie

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refers to a religion and social movement

--originated in England (16th and 17th century - it influence coloniers

writers exploring themes like community, morality, themes of faith. individual relationship with God

WRITERS

John winthrop - puritan lawyer

best known for his sermon A MODEL OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY.

Edward taylor

poet, minister and physician

Cotton Mather

minister

many historical works including MAGNALIA CHRISTI AMERICANA

(michaela Nohova)

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Time period

(1950 - present)

The term postmodernism

It is not a precisely defined term or philosophical/ artistic direction

It is rather a view of the situation of a person in the world who has lost faith in traditional values

Postmodernism in literature

Not a group of authors that are following certainties artistic concept

It is a literature which:

opposes modern and avant-garde tendencies

parodies traditional literary genres and formes

uses intertextuality

contains several layers of meaning

blurs the distinctions between valuable and junk texts

the reader is invited to cooperate with the author in the "language game" in the book

Authors who, for example, belong to postmodernism:

Kurt Vonnegut - Slaughterhouse five

J. D. Salinger - The catcher in the rye

Arthur Miller - Death of a salesman

and nowdays for example Michael Cunningham - The Hours

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(1922 - 2007)

American writer

During the second world war he was in the army.

He was captured and placed in a "POW" camp in Dresden.

He experienced the bombing of Dresden. There he helped clear away the dead bodies.

This trauma is reflected in several of his books. For example "Slaughterhouse five"

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Contemporary literature (1970 - present)

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Contemporary literature (1970 - present)

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focused on relationships and connections between people

modern literature that is written and published in recent times

includes a diverse range of genres, styles and themes

Contemporary literature explores identity, experiments with form and style

it is representing a range of cultures, genders and experiences

it reflects the influence of technology in our lives

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Maya Angelou was an American poet, memoirist and civil rights activist

She published 7 autobiographies (focused on her childhood and early adult experiences), 3 books of essays and several books of poetry

More than 50 honorary degrees

I know why the caged birds sing - one of the autobiographies

Other writers

Tim O´Brian

Tom Clancy

Sherman Alexie