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Assalamualaikum to all dear readers, my name is Nur Syakirah binti Bakar or Yaya, as most would call me. It is such a pleasure to be working on this project together with Sabrina as this is an interesting assignment that involves us studying how different English is being spoken to in different countries.

Do enjoy our work ^_^

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Background History of Inner Circle Englishes

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Background History of Inner Circle Englishes

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-Demographics of speakers

Oxfordshire, England

Perth, Australia

-Introduction

Introduction for Oxfordshire

Introduction for Perth

-Background history of Inner Circle Englishes

Oxfordshire ,England

Perth, Australia

-Analysis

Speakers' Transcription

Variations of

-Phonemic

-Prosodic

-Lexical

-Reflection & Conclusion

-References

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Introduction (Oxfordshire : South East England)

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Introduction (Oxfordshire : South East England)

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Oxfordshire is a county located in South East England, home to one of the most prestigious universities which is The University of Oxford. Anglo-Saxons, Romans, and Celtic people are among the initial inhabitants of the various tribes. Oxfordshire is known for its gothic and fascinating remains of architectural buildings, with some of them dated 900 years ago.

Since the place is rich in history, people across the globe mostly visit Oxfordshire to behold the amazing landscapes.

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Nur Sabrina Sofiya Binti Mohd Sabri  (2023406706)

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Nur Sabrina Sofiya Binti Mohd Sabri  (2023406706)

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Greetings everyone! Sabrina here.

Me and my partner, Yaya did a compilation of native English information based on British (Oxfordshire) and Australian speakers. There are a lot of exciting facts that piqued our interest throughout this whole research,which we also hope that is beneficial for our readers as well ☆.｡.:*

Ta ta!

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The Secrets of Oxford’s Streets | And What Lies Beneath the University

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Fun fact about Oxfordshire

1. The University of Oxford is known as the second oldest University in the world, estimated to be 922 years old. Oxford University is considered as the top 1 university in the world, all in all, has produced 27 British Prime Ministers in total.

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2. Oxford is home to famous authors in the world. JRR Tolkien (The Lord of the Rings), Lewis Carroll (Alice in Wonderland), and CS Lewis (The Chronicles of Narnia) are some of the well-known publishers.

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Demographic of the speaker (Oxfordshire)

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For English speaker, we picked Emma Watson for British English (Oxfordshire). The audio however does not cover all the text transcribe. The text can be seen from minute 0:29-2:14.

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Emma Watson Plays With Kittens (While Answering Fan Questions)

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Take a look at this video to further discover Perth!

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Facts about Perth:

Perth's estimated current population is 2,067,333 as the capital of Western Australia.

Perth is one of the fastest-growing cities in Australia.

Perth is home to 4 of the 5 most advantaged suburbs in the country.

Perth is said to be the sunniest capital city in the world with an average of 8 hours of sunshine per day all year round.

Western Australia is home to a handful of lakes that are naturally pink. The Hutt Lagoon, nestled in between Port Gregory and Kalbarri is arguably one of Western Australia’s world-famous landmarks.

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The white post indicates the general post and Oxfordshire, England while the yellow post indicates Perth, Australia.

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Statistics population in Perth, Australia

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1. Rhoticity

As mentioned by the speaker in the video, the British English form would usually pronounce the /r/ at the end of the word /ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/ as silenced. Compared to American English, the /r/is usually enunciated clearly as /ˈfɪŋɡər/.

2. The use of long vowels and short vowels

In British English, certain vowel sounds are typically longer and more drawn out compared to American English /kaent/, they are typically shorter and more pronounced. In British English form , the speaker pronounce /kɑːnt/ with long vowel.

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1. Stress patterns between content and function words

In British English, the content words(verb, noun, adjectives) such as "true, inventor" as referred to by the speaker, are usually longer and clearer than grammatical (function words) in an intonation phrase. Compared to function words such as pronouns and articles, they usually sound weak and don't carry out the stress.

2. The use of rising intonation is uncommon in English queries

Questions such as WH and HOW in English have falling intonations typically. Compared to different languages, not all English questions have rising intonations. Based on the video analysis, "Can we use that for Belle?" (0:40) denotes the fall-rise pitch pattern to ask someone to do something for the speaker.

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Phonemic Variation of Australian Speaker

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Phonemic Variation of Australian Speaker

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1. Eh, I’m thinking, I'll just get an Uber Eats, you get all your drinks and you get all your food, and they come, and they don’t have straws.

/uːbɜ:ʳ/  - Although the Australian accent is non-rhotic, sometimes native speakers will pronounce the /r/ sound at the end of the word when linking two words closely but only if the next word contains a vowel sound at the start. For instance, Uber eats.

/ɔːl/ - Instead of pronouncing with the consonant /ɒ/, the speaker used /ɔː/ and the lips become more "O"-shaped. The vowel is produced with considerably stronger lip rounding and higher tongue position.

/strɔːz/ - The vowel 'a' in 'straws' is pronounced with the long open-mid back rounded vowel, /ɔ/, and the 's' sound is pronounced with a voiced alveolar fricative , /z/. This is because word initial /sj/ and /zj/ have merged with /s/ and /z/ respectively.

2. Straws, don’t talk to me about straws, mate.

/tɔːk/ - Australian English pronounce this with the long open-mid back rounded vowel, /ɔ/, instead of /ɒ/.  The lips become "O"-shaped when pronouncing this.

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Prosodic Variation of Australian Speaker

1. "Straws, don’t talk to me about straws, mate". (Dissapointed)

The speaker stresses and dragged the word 'straws' to show emphasis on the topic being talked about. This is able to catch the listeners' attention. The intonation used is peaking or rise-fall as the speaker sounds disappointed.

2. "You're sitting there, “How am I gonna get a milkshake down my neck without a straw?”. (Confused & Frustrated)

The intonation used is dipping or fall-rise. The speaker starts with a normal intonation then slightly rising them when he asked the question. The word and phrase such as 'you're' and 'down my neck' were stressed by the speaker. This is indicated by the increased loudness and it is to point out his frustrations as well.

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Lexical Variation of Australian Speaker

1. Straws, don’t talk to me about straws, mate.

The word "mate" is very common in Australian English. This is influenced by the British English. Mate and friend have the same meaning in Australia. It is also a very male-oriented word.

2. There’s another, pot noodles, right? Years ago, they used to be a bit thicker, the material. So now when you pour hot water in, you can’t hold the thing, cause it’s like too hot, do you know what I mean?

"Pot noodles" is a British slang for instant noodles that originated from the instant noodles company named "Pot Noodles". However, it is more commonly referred to as instant noodles or instant ramen in Australia.

3. Coffees, you know when they give it to you really hot, they nuke it, you go, “Yeah, I want this drink now not in twenty years time”.

To nuke is to heat something in the microwave. Australian English is familiar with this word as it is often used by the British people.

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Demographic of the speaker (Australian-English)

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Australian English and British English are most similar in the terms of spelling and sentence construction. However, both British and Australian speakers managed to create their own lexical words. Here are some distinctive words coming from British English speakers:-

1. Washing

Generally, most British speakers prefer to use the term "washing" instead of doing laundry. Although both terms have the same meaning, this is one of the varieties that can be shown by the speaker in minute 1:23. For Example " So that she can sit and read, while it's doing her washing."

2. Cheers (Exclamation)

The word "cheers" is usually used when people want to toast for a drink, however, among British people, they use it as a sign to say thank you or wish for good health. For example "Do you want me to help you out?" "Nah I'm good, cheers"

3. Bonkers (Informal word)

If someone calls another person a "bonker", it means that the person has acted or done something crazy. Usually, it is a sign of disapproval and is often used in informal conversations among British speakers.

For instance, in a sentence, "What have you done? Have you gone bonkers? "

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Informative Videos about British and Australian English

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Informative Videos about British and Australian English

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Emma Stone Learns British Slang From Rachel Weisz | Vanity Fair

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British Slang  vs Australian Slang | Colloquial English Words and Phrases

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References (Nur Sabrina Sofiya and Nur Syakirah)

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Margot Robbie Teaches You Australian Slang | Vanity Fair