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Livadia Palace, Baturyna Street, Livadiya

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Yalta Conference Drafts Post-War Plan (Feb 1945)

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Yalta Conference Drafts Post-War Plan (Feb 1945)

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Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin —convened in Yalta, Crimea. Their mission was to devise the final defeat and occupation of the German Nazi party in WWII. They came to the conclusion to divide Germany, give them reperations of war causes, and get a containment strategy for communism.

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In August of 1945, The US dropped two bombs on the cities (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in Japan. It killed thousands and destroyed cities. It was the first notable use of atomic weaponsin warfare.

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech (Mar 5 1946)

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech (Mar 5 1946)

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This was a famous speech given by Churchill over the containment and stability over Soviet communism. Given in the hometown of President Truman.

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Truman Doctrine First Applied in Greek Civil War (Mar 12 1947)

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Truman Doctrine First Applied in Greek Civil War (Mar 12 1947)

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The Truman Doctrine speaks to finding the non-communist forces and giving them military aid to win the war. The "guns" in the analogy "guns and butter." This works and successfully stops the spread of communism in Greece.

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Marshall Plan is Announced to Rebuild Europe. (June 1947)

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Marshall Plan is Announced to Rebuild Europe. (June 1947)

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The plan was named after George C. Marshall. Europe is bombed out and in shambles. This results in fertile soil for communism to spread. Marshall says we should rebuild Europe to contain the spread of communism. This serves as a vaccine to keep the "disease" (communism) from spreading. The "butter" in the "guns and butter" analogy. The one string is Europe must buy US products.

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift Begins (June 1948)

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift Begins (June 1948)

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After the Soviet Union blockaded the city of Berlin, the US and British troops flew overhead for many days and delivered food and supplies in to city of Berlin. This helped make the US and Britain very noble and kind.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed in 1949 by Canada, the US, and many other western European countries. It was established in order to maintain security from the Soviet Union.

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Russia Tests its First Atomic Bomb (Aug 20, 1949)

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Russia Tests its First Atomic Bomb (Aug 20, 1949)

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In August of 1949, Russia decides to test its very first atomic bomb. This bomb was given the code name "First Lightning" and was dropped in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan. The dropping/testing of this bomb led Russia to be the second country to have a successful development and testing of nuclear weapons.

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and Creates the People's Republic of China (Oct 1, 1949)

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and Creates the People's Republic of China (Oct 1, 1949)

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After WW1 China decides to attempt modernization. The nationalists oppose the old dynasties. They attempt to modernize China - the leader is Sun. Within the nationalists under Sun, there are communists and noncommunists. Sun is semi-successful as he overthrows the dynasty. After his death, the communists and noncommunists turn to fight each other. The leader of the communists is Meo Zedong. Then the Japanese invaded China. During this invasion, the civil war is put on pause. After 4 years of fighting, Meo wins. The losing side flees to Taiwan and is deemed the "Republic of China" and the mainland is the "People's Republic of China"

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare takes hold in US (Feb 1950)

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare takes hold in US (Feb 1950)

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Everyone is afraid of communism and being in the presence of a communist spy. The feeling of paranoia consumes many. McCarthy tries to take the spotlight and makes many claims in order to get attention. One day he goes into the Senate and claims to have a list of "communist spies" and says he will put these "people" in prison if he is voted for.

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US troops accept the surrender of the Japanese in the Southern part of Korea. This is how big countries split. North Korea=communist and South=noncommunist. The North launches an invasion of South Korea, catching the South and the US off guard. Pusan is the only space not taken over by communists. The United Nations joined the war against the North and deployed UN soldiers for the first time. The UN launches a D-Day-like attack which helps turn the tides. War drags on for a few more years and then settles into a stalemate.

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H-Bomb Tested by the USA on Bikini Atoll (Mar 1, 1954)

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H-Bomb Tested by the USA on Bikini Atoll (Mar 1, 1954)

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H-bomb is 10,000x more destructive than the atomic bomb. The H-bombs are so energy-filled because they take small atoms and put them together. They create a heavier nuclei (Nuclear fission). The US is the first to get the H-Bomb at Bikini Atoll.

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The KGB served as the "sword and shield" for the communist party. It was also the main security agency for the Soviet Union. It stands for Committee of State Security. It currently cease to exist.

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CIA Helps Overthrow Unfriendly Governments in Iran and Guatemala (Mar 1954)

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CIA Helps Overthrow Unfriendly Governments in Iran and Guatemala (Mar 1954)

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Since the Spanish-American war, Guatemala's dictators were willing to go along with the US in return for US support. One popular monopoly arose, the UFC with the banana exports. The UFC wanted to make sure that no new dictators could ruin their business. After a student-led revolution, Guatemala turned into a dictatorship. A new president came in a was for land reform. This new land reform affected the UFC, so the USA deemed it as communist and devised a plan to overthrow the Government.

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The USA and its European allies began to get nervous about the Communists, so they made NATO. In May of 1955, The USSR met with communist allies and signed a defense treaty; the Warsaw Pact.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA

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The exotic metals found that help make nuclear weapons. There is a arms race to develop new and bigger nuclear weapons. This leads to a scientific competition to discover new elements on the table. The wars were a scientific race between the US university (UC Berkley) and the USSR university.

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Rebellion Put Down in Hungary (Nov 1956) 

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Rebellion Put Down in Hungary (Nov 1956) 

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In 1956, Hungarians revolted against the communist rule. Hungarian students compiled a list of 16 commands, which included the withdrawal of USSR troops, a new government under Nagy, and the return of democracy. The students went to get their ideas broadcasted and were met with open-arm fire. This caused a revolt. Hungary eventually withdrew from the Warsaw Pact.

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The USSR and the USA were in a space race during this time period. Both countries competing to perfect the missiles and nuclear weapons. Just a month after the US launches their ICBM, the USSR announces they have one of their own. The USSR gave vague descriptions of this launch however, some US citizens are doubtful of its launch.

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Sputnik Launced into Orbit (Oct 4, 1957)

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Sputnik Launced into Orbit (Oct 4, 1957)

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In October of 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik 1 into space. This made it the first man-made satellite to go into the Orbit. It was in space for 3 months and made aout 1400 orbits. This grabbed the attention of many due to the fact that it heightened the Cold war.

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Fidel Castro Takes Power in Cuba (Jan 1959)

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Fidel Castro Takes Power in Cuba (Jan 1959)

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Castro was heavily involved in revolutionary politics. He even took part in an attempt to overthrow the dictator, Rafael Trujillo. He took part in many urban riots and had extremely anti-american views. He is responsible for many Cuban riots and attempts to overthrow the government. He gained power after successfully overthrowing the government.

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U2 Spy Plane Shot Down Over USSR (May 1960)

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U2 Spy Plane Shot Down Over USSR (May 1960)

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The U2 Spy Plane was a plane that flew very high and took many pictures (like a satellite). In this plane was Spy, Gary Powers. The USSR shoots down the Spy plane (Gary survives the crash) and then holds Gary prisoner. The USA is embarrassed by this incident, and they later on negotiate a Spy swap.

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The CIA finds Cuban exiles who have Castro and they train them, equip them, and set them up in a ase camp in Gautemala. They drop them off in the Bay of Pigs in hopes that they will overthrow Castro. This was a failure and the exiles wer captured and interrogated. Word gets out and the public now knows that the US initiated and attack on Cuba. The US looks bad and Castro goes to the USSR for aid. Leads to the Cuban missile crisis.

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Construction of Berlin Wall Begins (Aug 17, 1961)

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Construction of Berlin Wall Begins (Aug 17, 1961)

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The Berlin wall was created by the GDR and was created to prevent the citizens in East-Berlin (the USSR Side) from escaping to the Democratic west. It divided the city into two physical sides.

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This was, arguably, the closest the world has gotten to a nuclear war. the U2 spy plane finds nuclear weapons being built by the USSR in Cuba. Kennedy chose a careful approach and decided to send the Navy to block trade going into Cuba (this was deemed an act of war). USA demanded removal of missiles and the USSR claimed they were just defense. After negotiation, the USA removed their missiles in Turkey and Cuba and promised to not invade Cuba. Cuba would remove their missiles.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Radified (July 1963)

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Radified (July 1963)

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The new version of the Treaty demanded that explosions should not result in radioactive debris to prevent any further contamination of the environment. It aimed to promote global security and curb nuke testing. It prohibited testing in space, water, at atmosphere.

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution (Aug 1964)

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution (Aug 1964)

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Vietname becomes an independent country. Head leader of Vietnam is communist, so the USA steps in. The USA puts a non-communist leader in South Vietnam. This election never happens and then a civil war happens between the communist north and non-communist South. "US destroyers and attacked in the gulf by North torpedo boats." Some people don't think it happened and some do. The US passes the resolution and gets a "blank check" and this helps the president declare emergency forces.

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US Marines Sent to DR to Fight Communism (Apr 1965)

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US Marines Sent to DR to Fight Communism (Apr 1965)

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In April of 1965, the US sent thousands of troops and supplies to the DR as a mission they called "operation power pack." This mission aimed to blockade and prevent the spread of communism within the DR. This intervention provoked many protests in Latin America and skepticism in the USA.

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US Announcement to Dispatch 200,000 US Troops in Vietnam (July 1965)

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US Announcement to Dispatch 200,000 US Troops in Vietnam (July 1965)

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President LBJ made a significant announcement regarding the Vietnam war. He requested an increase in the number of troops being sent and the number of men being drafted. These decision marked the turning point for the granting of the "blank check" also, the deployment of the troops changed the trajectory of the war.

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Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder (1966)

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Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder (1966)

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The current US president tried to bomb N. Vietnam into submission. This has some success because it brings N. Vietnam to the negotiation table, but doesn't end the war. The US is split about the war. Some oppose the draft because they deem it immoral and some want to contain communism. This operation tries to offset casualties by using the Air Force.

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After WWII, Russian armies sweep across E. Europe and liberating countries from Germany control. Created almost like a pupper governement and the USSR is the master. These countries are technically independent but they have communist gov in each country. The countries begin to get fed up with this. There are protests about this communist gov and the Warsaw impact inavded with weapons and tanks.

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Apollo 11 Lands on the Moon (July 20, 1969)

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Apollo 11 Lands on the Moon (July 20, 1969)

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This was the first mission where a man has successfully landed on the moon. This mission introduced new technology which allowed this to be possible. This was significant to the US because they were in a technological race with the USSR to put the first man on the moon. The US won.

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers (1971)

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers (1971)

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This was a long narrative containing roughly 47 volumes. It was leaked by Daniel Ellsberg who was a research associate. It revealed many things that the American media did not convey to the citizens of the US. Some of these include the Truman Administration giving military aid to France in its colonial war against the communist-led Viet Minh, directly involving the United States in Vietnam and President Johnson's intensified covert warfare against North Vietnam and began planning to wage overt war in 1964, a full year before the depth of U.S. involvement was publicly revealed. The release of these papers shed light on what was going on.

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Great Wall of China, Huairou District, China

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Some people consider this a lessening of tensions between the USSR and the US. Nixon travels to China to talk and establish diplomatic and economic relations. Considered a win-win since it opened up trade.

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Strategic arms limitation treaty. It's an agreement to lessen the tensions. This is an attempt to cap the number of missiles and hinder the arms race.

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US Supported Coup Overthrows Chilean Gov (Sept 1973)

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US Supported Coup Overthrows Chilean Gov (Sept 1973)

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In Sept. of 1973, the Chilean military organized a coup to overthrow the elected president of Chile Salvador Allende. This was supported by the US and eventually caused the 17 year long dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. This coup caused a massive political change and the abusing of human rights.

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests soviet aid (Oct 1973)

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests soviet aid (Oct 1973)

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This battle between these countries was also deemed the "Ramadan War" and "Fourth Arab-Israeli War." Egypt forces aimed to secure back land they had lost prior to Israel. The US played a crucial role since it provided arms airlifts to help Israel. Syria repelled that attack and did regain lost ground. The USSR supplied Syria and Egypt with many supplies to help them.

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S. Vietnam falls to N. Vietnam (Apr 17, 1975) 

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S. Vietnam falls to N. Vietnam (Apr 17, 1975) 

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In 1975, North Vietnam captured the capital of South Vietnam, Saigon. This event led to the closing of the Vietnam War. Before the fall of Saigon, they initiated an evacuation (Operation Frequent Wind). Almost all American personnel and S. Vietnam civilians evacuated. The falling of Saigon led to the reunification of Vietnam, under communist rule.

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Soviet and Cuban Forces help to Install Communist Gov in Angola (Feb 1976)

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Soviet and Cuban Forces help to Install Communist Gov in Angola (Feb 1976)

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This intervention took place soon after Angola's independence from Portugal. The civil war that was taking place turned into East (USSR) vs West (US). Cuba initially sent about 36,000 troops to support the USSR during this. The USSR provided support to west side (MPLA). This intervention shaped the course of the Angolan Civil war.

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Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Connecticut Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relationships and trade & Panda diplomacy (Jan 1979)

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relationships and trade & Panda diplomacy (Jan 1979)

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The US and China established a full diplomatic relationship. They recognize each other as countries and are trading back and forth. Countries that establish strong diplomatic relationships with China are loaned Pandas. The pandas are symbols of friendship and goodwill.

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Cầu Cái Lóc, Đường tỉnh 902, Mỹ An, Mang Thít District, Vinh Long, Vietnam

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Communist Vietnam fights a war with Communist China. It's about boarders and I is between two communist powers. China thinks it'll be easy to beat Vietnam, however it is much harder than they think. This war shows that not everything during the Cold war is noncommunist vs communist.

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Shah of Iran Overthrown: Iran Hostage Crisis (Nov 1979)

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Shah of Iran Overthrown: Iran Hostage Crisis (Nov 1979)

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The Shah is an official of Iran. The Shah was opposed once however, the US got him back into power. The Shah is very Western and modern and he looks to modernize Iran. He wants to legalize women's rights. He was overthrown in 1979. It begins with college protests and builds until he is overthrown. The people of Iran want the Shah back and the US won't give him back which starts the hostage Crisis. Iran people storm a building and hold about 60 Americans hostage. Jimmy Carter sends in a rescue mission. It was embarrassing for the US because they couldn't get their hostages back.

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Soviet Forces Invade Afghanistan (Dec 1979)

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Soviet Forces Invade Afghanistan (Dec 1979)

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Internal fighting within Afghanistan led to the Soviets intervening. They toppled the presidency of the current leader, Hafizullah Amin. Thousands of USSR soldiers controlled cities, town, etc... and the Afghan war quickly moved to a stalemate. The USSR had troops in Afghanistan for years to follow.

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US Hockey Defeats the USSR at Winter Olympics (Feb 22, 1980)

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US Hockey Defeats the USSR at Winter Olympics (Feb 22, 1980)

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in 1980, the US beat the USSR 4-3 in hockey at the winter Olympics. It was a massive upset considering the US had lost to the USSR prior 10-3. It was dubbed a "Miracle on ice" and it even has several movies and books recounting the events.

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow (June-Aug 1980)

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow (June-Aug 1980)

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This boycott was one of many by the USand it was on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. This caused close to 65 countries refusing to participate in the Olympics.

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Reagan proposes SDI or “Star Wars” (1983)

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Reagan proposes SDI or “Star Wars” (1983)

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SDI stands for Strategic Defense Initiative and it was also nicknamed "Star Wars." It was a program that aimed to protect the United States from a nuclear attack. It had both Earth and Space Lazer battle stations whose primary goal was to intercept enemy ballistic missiles. It also contained ground missiles that had nonnuclear killing abilities.

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US troops invade and overthrow the regime in Grenada (Oct 1983)

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US troops invade and overthrow the regime in Grenada (Oct 1983)

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This US Invasion was given the nickname "Operation Urgent Fury" and it began with a quiet flight of Navy seals who landed just North of St. George's. The US stormed the island in hopes on destroying any Cuban influence, saving and US citizens, and restore a Democratic government. It was overall a US military success. US Students were rescued and they were able to restore a democratice government.

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Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics (July-Aug, 1984)

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Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics (July-Aug, 1984)

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This boycott was USSR led followed by about 14 other Eastern Block Satelite states and allies. This followed the US boycott that took place in 1980. Despite the boycott of these countries, the LA 1984 Olympic still had a record turn out with close to 140 countries participating.

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Gorbachev begins “glasnost” and “perestroika” in efforts to reform the USSR (1985)

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Gorbachev begins “glasnost” and “perestroika” in efforts to reform the USSR (1985)

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Glasnost means openness/transparency. Perestroika, which translates to "restructuring" in Russian, refers to a series of reforms that were meant to boost the USSR both economically and politically. Since the Russian revolution in 1917, President Mikhail Gorbachev has seen some of the key changes to the USSR's political and economic structure. However, the USSR was growing weak both inside and out and these reforms were too sudden to be successful.

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Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan (Jan 1989)

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Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan (Jan 1989)

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The USSR, who was in a poor economic and international situation at the time, did a total military withdraw from Afghanistan in 1989. This withdraw marked the end of USSR involvement in Afghanistan and helped create massive change in the region. After the withdraw, it paved the way for the first civil war in Afghanistan and changed the countries function drastically.

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania oust Communist governments (1989)

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania oust Communist governments (1989)

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In Poland, they began to hold partially free elections, marking the end of communism. Hungary experienced rapid political change which shifted the communist ideology of the country to a multi-party gov. Czech went through the Velvet Revolution which shifted the country to a democracy. They also had a bunch of mass protests which also helped aid the switch. The collapse of the communist regime in Bulgaria led to to change in political ideology. And, the violent revolution in Romania led to the overthrowing of the dictator. These different changes in society led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and with it, the USSR.

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It started as student led protests that took place over the span of about 2 months. these protests were driven by inflation, economic reforms, corruption in politics, and nepotism with the Chinese communist party. After the governement attempted for weeks to get these protests to end, the finally declared martial law. close to 200 were killed and about 2,000 injured.

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Berlin Wall Memorial, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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The wall stood for close to 30 years and it was a symbol of division among Europe. Reagan makes a speech asking Gorachev to "tear down that wall." GDR [press conference was claimed to have a lot to do with the falling of the wall. One day, civilians started mobbing at the wall with sledgehammers, rocks, and other weapons. After the fall of the Berlin wall, Germany reunifies.

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Boris Yeltsin Elected as President of Russia (May 1990)

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Boris Yeltsin Elected as President of Russia (May 1990)

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Boris Yeltsin was elected president of Russia in 1990. During this time, the presidents of each republic didn't have much power. After he is elected, the different republics start gaining independence. During a mob of Russian civilians tanks and soldiers are brought in and soldiers will not fire on the crowd. Yeltsin is seen as a weak leader because he "allowed the USSR to fall apart." Handed power to Putin in 1999.

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The reunification of Germany was surreal to the entire world. Germany is very resilient as they lose both world wars and manage to reunify and have a stable economy. This reunification happens after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

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USSR Dissolves - 15 Republics gain Independence, including Russia (Aug 1991)

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USSR Dissolves - 15 Republics gain Independence, including Russia (Aug 1991)

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Prior events lead to the total collapse of the USSR. 15 republics declare independence without a fight. The USSR is no longer in existence and the Cold War was a US victory. No nukes were dropped.

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USSR Dissolves - 15 Republics gain Independence, including Russia (Aug 1991)

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Jackson High School, South Missouri Street, Jackson, Byrd Township, MO