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Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose

1 ATP is transformed to ADP

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The energy regulator enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate

1 ATP is transformed to ADP

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Phosphoglucose isomerase modifies the structure

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Step 5A: Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP)

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Step 5A: Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP)

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Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme splits fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into 2 3-carbon molecules, DHAP and G3P

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Step 5B: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

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Step 5B: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

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Triose phosphate isomerase transforms the DHAP structure into G3P

There is a total of 2 G3P molecules at this step

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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes phosphorylation and oxidation of G3P

NAD+ is reduced to NADH, which will transport the electron to mitochondria

(Extra: NADH will donate the electron to oxygen and convert back to NAD+ later on)

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Phosphoglycerate kinase dephosphorylates 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

1 ADP is transformed to ATP

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Phosphoglyceromutase moves the location of the phosphate group to carbon 2

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Enolase converts 2-PG to PEP and removes a water

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Pyruvate kinase gives a phosphate to ADP, forming another ATP

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2 Pyruvates

Net ATP: 2 (2 used, 2 formed)

2 H2O

2 NADH

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Each step will occur once per G3P molecule