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The Palaeolithic (until 10,000 B.C.)

Homo habilis (approximately 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago) learnt how to make stone tools.

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People continued to live in “hunter – gatherer” small groups.

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-Working the animal skin to serve as vest.

-Tools of wood, bone and horn.

-The bow and arrow (evolved at the end of this period).

-The use of pigments for paintings and body decoration.

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Thanks to agriculture the population settled and increased

significantly, which generated huge cultural changes.

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Agricultural

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-Agriculture

-Domestication of animals

-Houses

-Ceramics

-Metals

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History starts when there are written records.

The date history starts varies enormously from region to region. For

example, in Egypt history started around 3200 BC, but in New Guinea

history started in the 16th century AD.

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Agricultural and artisans

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-Navigation

-Bronze

-Iron

-The wheel

-Architechture

-Paper

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there was a series of

inventions during the Middle Ages in Europe

that improved the quality of steel and

reduced its cost.

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Artisans

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-Metallurgy

-The plough

-The printing press

-Kill and latin sail

-Compass

-Marine astrolabe

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The Middle Ages had been a time of fast technological

development in Europe. At the start of the 16th century

Europeans were capable of sailing across oceans.

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Traders

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-In 1590 Dutchman Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope (a microscope with more than

one lense).

-In 1593 Galileo Galilei invents the thermometer. It was a glass bulb with water inside, the water moved up and down as the temperature changed.

-In 1636 W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer.

-In 1642 Frenchmen Blaise Pascal invents an

adding machine.

-In 1643 Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer.

-In 1650 Otto von Guericke invents the air pump.

-In 1709 Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the alcohol thermometer.

-In 1712 Thomas Newcomen builds a steam pump to pump water out of mines, it is a step in a series of inventions that will later lead to the invention of the steam engine.

-In 1733 Stephen Hales takes measurements of blood pressure.

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Industry boomed so

fast that many farmers also changed their jobs to work in the

factories.

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In the industrial society most people work in factories. The job is repetitive, especially in the assembly lines.

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There was a series of inventions for

steam engines during the 17th and 18th

centuries, but it was in 1781 when

James Watt improved the design that

it transformed transport

-In 1800 Alessandro Volta invented the Volt Pile (the battery).

He also discovered the first practical

method of generating electricity.

-The electric motor: in 1821

-The internal combustion

engine: Étienne Lenoir built

the first petrol engine

-In 1858, Hamilton Smith

patented the washing

machine with a rotary drum.

-The light bulb

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The main inventions around the start of the 20th century fascinated people:

aeroplanes, automobiles, the radio...

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Industrial society and society of services

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-The telephone: in 1844

-The radio: research on a

“wireless telegraph”

-Aeroplane: in 1903 the Wright brothers make the first flight.

-Plastics: during the first half of the 20th century there was scientific research about

polimers. In the 1960’s plastics became a common material.

-The television: is a result of many different discoveries.

-The transistor: in 1947.

-The radar was invented as a military tool during World War II.

-The microwave oven was invented accidentally observing how radar antennas heated food that was in front of them.

-The internet: in the 1950s.

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Since the start of civilisation people have used harmful chemicals. This problem increased significantly in the Industrial Revolution.

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Society of services and information society

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-Technologies that improve efficiency.

-Technologies that use a more sustainable source of

energy.

-Through better design.

-Recycling technologies.

-Our health.

The environment.