# data[].attributes.headline
1905, Open Window, Henri Matisse. Fauvism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1905, Open Window, Henri Matisse. Fauvism.

# data[].attributes.body
This piece by Henri Matisse is heavily influences by French impressionism. The loose brushstrokes and the movement and flow of the composition is very telling of this influence. The subject has a set place in space however the forms are not fully developed and detailed. The bright colors and high energy of this piece indicate that it belongs to the fauvists.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1905 in Germany, a group of German expressionists formed called Die Brucke which means "The Bridge". One of the members being Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. The formation of this group is very influential on the progression of expressionism as it made its way from France and the Fauves over to Germany to the expressionists. These artists, much like the fauves, used bold colors and harsh brushstrokes, however; the subject matter of the German expressionists was generally more portraits rather than landscapes. A common characteristic of this movement is subjects with unrealistic skin tones.

# data[].attributes.headline
1905, Portrait of Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso. Primitivism, classicism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1905, Portrait of Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso. Primitivism, classicism.

# data[].attributes.body
This painting by Pablo Picasso was commissioned by art collector, Gertrude Stein in 1905. Picasso had originally intended it to be a classical portrait, frustrated with the process, he scraped the layer of paint off of her face and repainted her in a similar style to the ancient Iberian masks he had seen while visiting a museum in Spain. This is a very important piece because it is one of the first works of its time to stray from the natural form of the face and alludes to his further experimentation with the Iberian mask references.

# data[].attributes.headline
1906, Joy of Life, Henri Matisse. Fauvism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1906, Joy of Life, Henri Matisse. Fauvism.

# data[].attributes.body
French Expressionist/Fauvist Henri Matisse depicts a dreamlike scene of naked people enjoying life on a beach. This piece exhibits fauvism, a style that employs bright colors, non-naturalistic scenes and non-detailed figures. This piece was commissioned by the Stein family and hung in their Paris Apartment. This piece is 6 feet tall and 8 feet wide. The sheer size of this piece stirred up competition and struck up inspiration in the art scene in Paris in 1905. This piece inspired many other influential works of art such as Pablo Picasso's "Les Demoiselles D'avignon" and Georges Braque's "Landscape at La Ciotat".

# data[].attributes.headline
1907,  Les Demoiselles D'avignon, Pablo Picasso. Cubism, Primitivism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1907,  Les Demoiselles D'avignon, Pablo Picasso. Cubism, Primitivism.

# data[].attributes.body
While visiting the Stein sibling's Paris apartment, Pablo Picasso catches a glimpse of Henri Matisse's "Joy Of Life" 1905. He is impressed by the shocking colors and grandiose size of the work and creates a sketch for what we now know of as "Les Demoiselles D'avignon". Picasso experiments with the human form and strays from naturalistic forms and paints figures with angular, expressive features. The subject of this painting is five female prostitutes flaunting their bodies. Three of the figures have facial features that resemble those of the Iberian Masks Picasso had seen in a Spanish museum and two on the right exhibit features of primitivism, deriving from African artifacts. This work is important because it disregards the two dimensional picture plane and places importance on broad shapes and colors rather than realistic detailed works.

# data[].attributes.headline
1907, Landscape at La Ciotat, Georges Braque. Fauvism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1907, Landscape at La Ciotat, Georges Braque. Fauvism.

# data[].attributes.body
This piece from French Fauvist painter Georges Braque depicts a nonlinear landscape that shares a lot of similar qualities to Henry Matisse's "Joy of Life" that Braque saw displayed in art collector's Gertrude and Leo Stein's Paris apartment. Braque uses bold color and dreamlike scenes that belong to the fauvist style.

# data[].attributes.headline
1908, Houses at L'estaque, Georges Braque. Cubism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1908, Houses at L'estaque, Georges Braque. Cubism.

# data[].attributes.body
This piece by French painter Georges Braque in 1905 is one of the first examples of cubism. Before this piece Georges Braque was a Fauvist painter who painted with very bright colors. After seeing the work of Paul Cezanne, Braque was inspired to create this piece. The work of Cezanne contains a good deal of non-liner planes in space and objects that do not make sense in the context of reality. This piece contains muted earth toned colors and depicts a village where the houses do not have a defined beginning or end and lack any details. They are made up of geometric, jagged lines and there seems to be no distinction between foreground and background.

# data[].attributes.body
This piece "Violin and Palate" by Georges Braque, 1909 is a prime example analytic cubism, a form of cubism that disrupts and disperses the subject. The violin is broken up into fragments of jagged shapes that make up the image. One unique and important factor of this piece is the nail at the top of the piece (not pictured in this particular image). The nail exists in a different reality than the rest of the piece as it has a shadow that places the nail in a realistic space with lighting that makes sense in the context of the position of the nail. The violin however does not abide by laws of physics or exhibit realistic lighting or naturalistic form in space. This is an element of classic painting that has been integrated into cubism by Braque.

# data[].attributes.headline
1911, Blue Horses, Franz Marc. Spiritualism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1911, Blue Horses, Franz Marc. Spiritualism.

# data[].attributes.body
This work by German expressionist Franz Marc exhibits elements of spiritualism. The painting entails three horses in rhythm with the beautiful landscape background. This piece is very emotional and expressive and focuses on the idea that the spirit of the animals and the violent background contrast each other an are thought to be a premonition of war as this piece was created right before World War One.

# data[].attributes.headline
1912, Still Life With Chair Canning, Pablo Picasso. Collage.

# data[].attributes.subject
1912, Still Life With Chair Canning, Pablo Picasso. Collage.

# data[].attributes.body
This piece by Pablo Picasso in 1912 depicts a scene of a café, including fragmented cubist images of fruit and utensils, and the letters JOU, indicating they came from a daily journal or newspaper. This piece is an example of analytic cubism because the images are broken up into fragmented, jagged pieces yet still remaining representational forms in space. The space is not clearly defined and is not linear. Picasso and Braque, the two founders of cubism, began to experiment with the use of collage in their cubist works. This piece includes the backing of a chair that was pasted into the piece as well as a rope that frames the piece. The rope is indicative of a material associated with poor fishermen in Spain. It is interesting how high class art is juxtaposed with materials associated with lower class individuals such as the rope and the backing of the chair.

# data[].attributes.body
This collage from Picasso's Guitar series is an example of synthetic cubism. Synthetic cubism is the building and assembling of fragmented forms to create an image. This piece is a collage which means that the image is made of pasted found objects arranged to create the image of the guitar. Like analytic cubism, the forms are representational but disrupted in a non-linear plane. The space is not established by any elements of realism. This piece consists of scraps of newsprint, paper and pencil.

# data[].attributes.headline
1913, The Dynamism of a Soccer Player, Unberto Boccioni. Futurism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1913, The Dynamism of a Soccer Player, Unberto Boccioni. Futurism.

# data[].attributes.body
In Italy from 1909-1914 the emergence of a style called futurism is prevalent. This movement is inspired by Italy's involvement in World War 1. These works visually depict speed, violence, dynamic movement and the passage of time. This piece by Boccioni depicts the violent and fast movements of a soccer player. The title gives enough context for the audience to see the figures made up by the dynamic shapes however there are no clear depictions of a soccer ball or  soccer player. The piece indicates the passage of time almost like a time lapse of the players speedy movements. There is a lot of action and movement in futurist's work. Fauvism is still representational however it has many elements similar to abstraction. The images are more abstracted than they are realistic or naturalist however they still represent figures that can be made out.

# data[].attributes.headline
1913, Fate Of The Animals, Franz Marc. Futurism.

# data[].attributes.subject
1913, Fate Of The Animals, Franz Marc. Futurism.

# data[].attributes.body
German artist Franz Marc depicts this violent scene of animals in a burning forest. This piece show how futurism made its way through Europe before World War 1, originating in Italy and making its way to Germany. Franz Marc uses sharp diagonal lines to depict chaos and movement and create the overall feeling of violence. Franz Marc later states that he believed this piece was a premonition of war and reflects the feelings of dread and doom during this time. This painting exhibits elements of futurism such as speed, violence, depictions of war, abstracted forms that remain representational, and geometric shapes making up organic subject matter.

# data[].attributes.headline
1914, Bottle rack Readymade, Marcel Duchamp 

# data[].attributes.subject
1914, Bottle rack Readymade, Marcel Duchamp 

# data[].attributes.body
This readymade by Marcel Duchamp is composed of two found objects put together to make a third new object. Duchamp placed a bottle rack on top of a stool turned upside down. This piece is a product of Dada as it mocks art by questioning what makes art art and who gets to give art its meaning. This piece makes the viewer question weather art must have meaning to be art and weather it must be pleasing to look at or not. This piece is highly influential as it questions art itself.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1918, French poet Tristan Tzara wrote the Dada manifesto. This manifesto establishes the principals of Dada, an anti-art art movement that mocks all other forms of art and suggests that art does not need to have meaning to be art.

# data[].attributes.body
French Dadaist Marcel Duchamp's L.H.O.O.Q is a form or readymade. A readymade is when an artist takes a found object and places it in their own context and altering them in some way to make them their own works of art. This piece includes a post card of Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa with a mustache drawn on and the letters LHOOQ written at the bottom. This piece was culturally significant in 1919 because the Mona Lisa had recently been found and returned after being stolen from the Louvre in Paris in 1911. This piece is an example of Dada because it is very anti-art, mocking the Mona Lisa by adding a mustache to her face and adding a caption that is interpreted as crude. The letters L.H.O.O.Q when spoken aloud in French, sound like a phrase that when translated to English means "she has a hot ass". This piece exhibits everything that Dada stands for.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1924, Andre Benton wrote the surrealist manifesto. The surrealist manifesto defined the ideas and goals of surrealists. Some of the values of surrealism include, a focus on dreams and the unconscious mind, and an appreciation for unconventional subject matter.

# data[].attributes.headline
1928, This Is Not a Pipe, Rene Magritte 

# data[].attributes.subject
1928, This Is Not a Pipe, Rene Magritte 

# data[].attributes.body
This piece by Rene Magritte, a surrealist painter in Belgium, depicts a realistic painting of a pipe on a blank white background with the words "This is Not a Pipe" written in large print at the bottom of the piece. This painting is part of the surrealism movement although the picture of the pipe is very accurate and photo realistic, the blank background and text transform this piece into a surrealist work. Although the image is in fact of a pipe, "This is Not a Pipe". It is only just that- an image. It is not a real pipe it is a smearing of pigments and paints on a piece of canvas. You cannot smoke out of it therefor it is not a pipe. The pipe is not established in the setting of the work. It is not provided a background, there is no shadow under the pipe nor any other indicator of its place in time and space. This idea of questioning one's reality and conscious experience is an ideal of surrealism.

# data[].attributes.headline
1931, The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dali

# data[].attributes.subject
1931, The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dali

# data[].attributes.body
The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali, 1931 is one of the most recognizable and influential surrealist paintings in history. It depicts a desert scene where reality is shifted and time and space are questioned. Watches are soft and melting and an unrecognizable figure rests in the foreground. This piece is surreal because it invites and encourages the viewer to question their reality and explores the subconscious mind.

# data[].attributes.body
This piece by Meret Oppenheim includes a tea cup, saucer, and spoon covered in gazelle fur. This peace is great example of surrealism because the artist took an everyday object and altered in a way that alters the function of the piece and makes it a personal interaction with the viewer and the piece. It is speculated that this piece is an innuendo to oral sex.

# data[].attributes.headline
Suprematism? Constructivism? De Stijl ? 

# data[].attributes.subject
Suprematism? Constructivism? De Stijl ? 