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The Sumatra rhinoceros

The Sumatran rhinoceros, also known as the hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros, is an endangered species in the Rhinocerotidae family and one of five surviving rhino species. The Sumatran rhinoceros is the only remaining species of the genus Dicerorhinus
-Other features are large ears, grayish-brown or reddish-brown skin - mostly covered by hair and wrinkles around the eyes.
-Throughout history, the Sumatran rhinoceros used to live in southwest China, specifically in Sichuan. They are now endangered, with only six sizeable populations in the wild: four in Sumatra, one in Borneo, and one in Peninsular Malaysia.
- The Sumatran rhino population in nature is currently estimated to be around 80 individuals, all in Indonesia.
- Currently, the distribution of the Sumatran rhinoceros in Indonesia is limited to the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan

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MALEO SANKAWOR

Maleo nest in open sand areas, areas around volcanic beaches and areas that are warm from geothermal heat to incubate large eggs, up to five times larger than chicken eggs. After hatching, Maleo children dig their way out of the ground and hide into the forest. In contrast to chicks in general, whose wings are still in the form of fine hairs, the wings ability of the maleo chick is like that of an adult bird, so it can fly, this is because the nutrients contained in the maleo egg are five times that of ordinary eggs, maleo chicks must find their own food and avoid predators, such as snakes, lizards, cats, wild boars, and eagles.Maleo Senkawor or Maleo, whose scientific name is Macrocephalon maleo, is a kind of medium-sized gorse bird, about 55 cm long, and is the only bird in the single genus Macrocephalon. What is unique about the maleo is that when it has just hatched, the maleo chicks can fly. The size of maleo bird eggs weighs 240 grams to 270 grams per egg, the average size is 11 cm, and the ratio is about 5 to 8 times the size of a chicken egg. However, now it is threatened with extinction due to the increasingly narrow habitat and the eggs taken by humans. It is estimated that the number is less than 10,000 today.

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Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is a type of primate belonging to the Hylobatidae tribe. With a remaining population of between 1,000 – 2,000, this monkey is the rarest gibbon species in the world, the biggest threat to the shrinking population of this monkey is poaching and illegal trade. Many of these monkeys are killed for their babies. Javanese gibbons live in groups with small numbers, they live like a nuclear family consisting of male and female pairs with their young children, the main characteristic of adult Javanese gibbons is their loyalty to each other, these animals are very selective in choosing a life partner, he will have a partner chosen for the rest of his life, if his partner dies, gibbons will not look for another partner and will live alone until the end of their lives.

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Fewer than 600 Sumatran tigers are estimated to remain in the wild. They are listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to poaching, habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict. The Sumatran tiger is found only on the Indonesian island after which it is named.

SUMATRAN TIGER FACTS

Sumatran tigers are the smallest and darkest of all tiger subspecies. In captivity they can weigh up to 140kg (male) and 110kg (female)

They have a more bearded and maned appearance than other subspecies

Sumatran tigers have the narrowest stripe pattern of all tigers, an adaptation that provides better camouflage in deep forest.

Like zebras, their stripe pattern can be used to distinguish one tiger from another

Sumatran tigers hunt wild pigs and deer but will take other prey opportunistically

They are generally very shy and try to avoid people

Sumatran tigers are no longer known asPanthera tigris sumatrae. In 2017 the IUCN Cat Specialist Group revised tiger taxonomy, recognising just two tiger subspecies:Panthera tigris sondaica, comprising the Sumatran and (now extinct) Javan and Balinese populations, and Panthera tigristigris, comprising the Bengal, Malayan, Indochinese, South Chinese, Siberian and (extinct) Caspian tiger populations

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The Jalak Bali is a medium-sized warbler, about 25 cm long, from the Sturnidae tribe. He is also known as Curik Instead of Jalak. The Jalak Bali is only found in the forests of the western part of Bali Island and is endemic to Indonesia.

- Population of Jalak Bali -
When first identified in 1910, an estimated 300–900 individuals were living in the wild. The results of the census conducted from 1974 to 1986 showed that the population growth was not encouraging. From 1974-1981 there was an increase in numbers, but since 1983 there has been a decline in population. The population of Jalak Bali in their natural habitat, namely in the West Bali National Park, has always decreased. It is known that in 1984 the number of Jalak Bali was estimated at 125-180 individuals. In 1988 the number of Jalak Bali was around 37 and 12-18 in 1990. In 1998 there were 10-14 and it was estimated that all of them were males. The latest data collected by PEH West Bali in 2006 only found 6 tails. Then, in 2009 Kenwrick (2009), noted that on the island of Nusa Penida there were 65 adult individuals and 62 juveniles. Currently, 115 individuals of this starling are recorded, and it is thought that this is the maximum number.

- Habitat of Jalak Bali -
Jalak Bali likes mangrove forest habitat, swamp forest, lowland monsoon forest and savanna areas. The spread of Jalak Bali is naturally only found in the West Bali National Park (TNBB). In addition, the distribution of Jalak Bali is found in the areas of Tegal Bunder, Lampu Merah, Batu Gondang, Prapat Agung, Batu Licin and Teluk Brumbun.

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Cendrawasih, Birds of Paradise
Are a group of birds belonging to the Paradisaeidae family and the Passeriformes order. This bird species can be found on the island of Papua, the Maluku islands, the Torres Strait islands, Papua New Guinea to eastern Australia.

Birds of Paradise consist of several genera and species, namely 14 genera and 43 species. Although it can be found from Papua New Guinea to Australia, most of the Cendrawasih species are in Indonesian territory, namely 30 species and 28 of them come from Papua / Irian Jaya. Meanwhile, in the Maluku and Halmahera islands there are 2 species of this paradise bird.

Cendrawasih generally inhabits lowland to mountainous forest areas in eastern Indonesia. Its habitat is in the tropical rain forest with dense vegetation in the area of ​​the Torres Strait, Papua Island (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) and Eastern Australia. Several types of trees that are used as places of residence for Cendrawasih are banyan trees (Ficus benjamina), Myristica sp., Pandaus sp., Instia sp., Palaquium sp.,  and  Hapololobus sp., The tree is used as a place to shelter, perch, shelter and nest or lay their eggs. An example is the Little Yellow Bird of Paradise ( Paradisaea minor ) which breeds on banyan trees.

The daily food of this bird is seeds, berries, insects, and caterpillars. In the wild, the survival of Cendrawasih is very dependent on the natural conditions of the forest, therefore this bird is very vulnerable to changes in forest function. The nature of Birds of Paradise tends to be solitary or lives in small groups and will gather when the breeding season comes.

Most of the threats to the Cendrawasih population come from poaching for trade. This was done against the backdrop of the beauty of the plumage. In addition, the conversion of forest land for mining, plantations, settlements and infrastructure development also disrupts forest ecosystems.

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Anoa is the largest animal species in Indonesia. The wealth of this fauna makes Indonesia one of the countries that have many rare animals. Anoa including rain forest animals. One of his habits is wallowing in the mud. The location where Anoa lives is far from human reach and prefers a permanent water source. Anoa has a specific habitat with components and distribution of locations that can support their food needs and behavior and in open locations such as grasslands, rarely inhabited. Anoa habitat is in plains tropical forest, savanna (savanna), sometimes also found in swamps. They are forest dwellers whose lives move from place to place. When encountering an enemy, anoa will defend itself by jumping into the swamps and if forced to fight, they will use their horns. In contrast to cattle which prefer to live in groups, anoa live semi-solitary, that is, live alone or in pairs and will only meet with the herd when the female is about to give birth. They are most active in the morning and evening, when it is still cooler. Because anoa have a habit of cooling their bodies, that's why they sometimes like to soak in mud or water. Anoa has a very limited distribution, while its population and habitat are decreasing both in quantity and quality. The decline in population occurs due to loss of habitat due to habitat destruction, as well as excessive hunting. In such circumstances, species can decrease rapidly and lead to extinction, for this reason, conservation efforts are needed with a special aim to protect species that are threatened with extinction. In addition, the habitat has been damaged due to encroachment, shifting cultivation and the low attitude of the community towards these animals. For this reason, conservation efforts are needed for anoa so that its existence in nature can be maintained. This is especially important for maintaining the balance of ecosystems such as

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SURILLI
Surili is a typical animal of West Java and Banten. These primates are scattered in coastal forest areas to mountain forests, ranging from 0-2000 meters above sea level. This animal with another name Presbytis comata is often found on the border between forests and people's gardens.Adult surili are usually about 42-60 cm long, weigh 6.5 kg, and have a tail length of about 56-72 cm. The back of this primate is usually black or dark brown-gray. Meanwhile, the front part of the surili body has a white color.

Generally, surili eat young leaves, leaf buds, fruit, flowers, and seeds. However, surili can also eat insects, fungi, and soil. Surili, which is very dependent on the existence of forests as a place of life, has decreased in population along with rampant logging.

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THE GREEN PEACOCK

The green peacock population is now declining. Currently, there are no more than 800 of them. The decline in the green peacock population is mostly due to hunting by humans for their feathers. This is because the beautiful peacock feathers are often used as material for making Reog Ponorogo art equipment. Whereas in each chest or cross-section of Reog requires around 1,500 pieces of peacock feathers.

In addition, the population of green peacocks in nature is also decreasing with more and more forest areas being used as agricultural land, cultivation, and human settlements. Forest fires that occurred in several areas in Indonesia have also become one of the triggers for the increasingly rare condition of the green peacock.

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Anaphalis javanica, popularly known as Java Edelweiss or Senduro Flower, is a plant endemic to the alpina/montana zone in various high mountains of the archipelago. This plant can reach a height of 8 meters and can have a trunk the size of a human foot although generally it does not exceed 1 meter.
Historically, the Javanese Edelweiss was first discovered on the slopes of Mount Gede, West Java. Quoting from the indonesia.go.id page, a German scientist named Caspar George Karl Reinwardt was the figure who first discovered the edelweiss flower. Reinwardt first encountered this flower when he was on a hillside.Anaphalis javanica, popularly known as Java Edelweiss or Senduro Flower, is a plant endemic to the alpina/montana zone in various high mountains of the archipelago. This plant can reach a height of 8 meters and can have a trunk the size of a human foot although generally it does not exceed 1 meter.
Historically, the Javanese Edelweiss was first discovered on the slopes of Mount Gede, West Java. Quoting from the indonesia.go.id page, a German scientist named Caspar George Karl Reinwardt was the figure who first discovered the edelweiss flower. Reinwardt first encountered this flower when he was on a hillside.

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In total, the Javan rhino population in Ujung Kulon National Park is 79 individuals, male [40 individuals] and female [39 individuals]. The Javan rhinoceros is the mascot for the U-20 World Cup which will take place from 20 May to 11 June 2023 in Indonesia.

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North Atlantic right whale
(Eubalaena glacialis)

North Atlantic Right Whale is a baleen whale, one of three right whale species belonging to the genus Eubalaena, all of which were formerly classified as a single species. Adult North Atlantic right whales average 13–16 m (43–52 ft) in length and weigh approximately 40,000 to 70,000 kg (44 to 77 short tons), they are slightly smaller on average than the North Pacific species. The largest measured specimens have been 18.5 m (61 ft) long and 106,000 kg (234,000 lb). Females are larger than males.

North Atlantic right whales have been listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act since 1970. The latest preliminary estimate suggests there are fewer than 350 remaining, with fewer than 70 breeding females. The number of new calves born in recent years has been below average.
Right whales can probably live for at least 70 years, but data on their average lifespan is limited since scientific monitoring of the species is fairly recent.
There are indications that some species closely related to right whales may live more than 100 years. However, female North Atlantic right whales are now only living to around 45 years old and males only to around 65 years old. Such reduced lifespans are due to human-caused mortality, not old age.

The North-Atlantic right whale is one of the most endangered of all large whales, with a long history of human exploitation and no signs of recovery despite protection from whaling since the 1930s. Some scientists believe these whales have gone extinct in the eastern North Atlantic and now survive only along the east coast of the U.S. and Canada.

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Pangolins are the only mammals whose entire bodies are covered in scales and they use these scales to protect themselves from predators in the wild.

Quoted from National Geographic, pangolins are shy animals that are actually harmless. The pangolin is the most trafficked mammal species in the world.

Tens of thousands of pangolins are hunted every year, killed for their scales, which are used mostly in traditional Chinese and Vietnamese medicine.

Based on FNPF data for the last three years, 60,624 pangolins have been secured from illegal trade in Kalimantan.

The data was collected from five provinces, namely:

• West Kalimantan 16,128 pangolins
• Central Kalimantan 9,324 pangolins
• South Kalimantan 3,600 pangolins
• East Kalimantan 12,600 pangolins
• North Kalimantan 18,972 pangolins.

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A plant with no leaves, no roots, no stem and the biggest flower in the world sounds like the stuff of comic books or science fiction. It is perhaps the largest and most magnificent flower in the world' was how Sir Stamford Raffles described his discovery in 1818 of Rafflesia arnoldii. modestly named after himself and his companion, surgeon-naturalist Dr James Arnold. This jungle parasite of south-east Asia holds the all-time record-breaking bloom of 106.7 centimetres (3 ft 6 in) diameter and 11 kilograms (24 lb) weight, with petal-like lobes an inch thick. It is one of the rarest plants in the world and on the verge of extinction. As if size and rarity weren't enough, Rafflesia is also one of the world's most distasteful plants, designed to imitate rotting meat or dung. The flower is basically a pot, flanked by five lurid red-brick and spotted cream 'petals, advertising a warm welcome to carrion flies hungry for detritus. Yet the plant is now hanging on to a precarious existence in a few pockets of Sumatra, Borneo, Thailand and the Philippines, struggling to survive against marauding humans and its own infernal biology. Everything seems stacked against Rafflesia. First, its seeds are difficult to germinate. Then it has gambled its life entirely on parasitising just one sort of vine. This is a dangerously cavalier approach to life, because without the vine it's dead. Having gorged itself on the immoral earnings of parasitism for a few years, the plant eventually breaks out as a flower bud, swells up over several months, and then bursts into flower

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GAJAH KALIMANTAN.    Borneo elephants are quite small in size, compared to elephants in general. Just imagine, its size is one-fifth smaller than the Indian elephant species. The appearance of its ears is larger than most other elephants. The shape of the ivory of the Kalimantan elephant is shorter and straighter.The behavior of the Bornean elephant is classified as gentler and less aggressive. Generally, these endemic animals native to Indonesia can be found in the lowlands of East Kalimantan.    

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GAJAH KALIMANTAN.    Borneo elephants are quite small in size, compared to elephants in general. Just imagine, its size is one-fifth smaller than the Indian elephant species. The appearance of its ears is larger than most other elephants. The shape of the ivory of the Kalimantan elephant is shorter and straighter.The behavior of the Bornean elephant is classified as gentler and less aggressive. Generally, these endemic animals native to Indonesia can be found in the lowlands of East Kalimantan.    

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(ABSEN TERAKHIRR)X.3

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A butterfly nicknamed Queen Alexandra's Birdwing has been named the largest and rarest butterfly in the world. But unfortunately, scientists say that these animals are starting to decrease in number.

In a recent study, it was stated that there was a decline of around 33 percent of ordinary butterflies that occurred in Ohio, United States from 1996 to 2016. One of the species affected was Ornithoptera alexandrae, also known as Queen Alexandra's Birdwing.

This rare butterfly has a wingspan of up to 12 inches or 30.4 cm with a charming turquoise or yellow color.

Queen Alexandra's Birdwing itself was discovered in 1906 by Albert Meek, a scientist and naturalist from England. He immortalized the name Ornithoptera alexandrae in his book entitled A Naturalist in Cannibal Land, which was published in 1913.

Unfortunately, in the span of nearly 30 years, the number of the world's largest butterfly has shrunk significantly. In 1992, scientists mapped the butterfly in the Popondetta area of ​​Oro, Papua New Guinea and found only 150 in a 10-day period.

Then in 2008, Tyler Hicks, a biologist observed only 21 tails in three months during his search.

Reporting from Mother Jones, the IUCN Redlist has included Queen Alexandra's Birdwing on the list of endangered species.

The diminishing population is likely due to the increasingly massive expansion of oil palm plantations in Papua New Guinea. It could destroy the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterfly's food supply and habitat.

Because of their beauty and rarity, the price of these butterflies on the black market reaches US$10,000 or around Rp.142 million per pair. Illegal hunting and massive loss of habitat have made the world's largest butterfly even more rare

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ELANG FLORES

The Flores Eagle (Nisaetus floris) is an endemic eagle species that inhabits the Lesser Sunda region with a limited distribution on three islands namely Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores as well as several other small islands.Currently, the population of the Flores eagle in nature is estimated at only 250 individuals.Why is the Flores eagle rare, because the Flores eagle has a biological weakness, once it breeds it only lays one egg. And its habitat is threatened

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Dugongs or Dugongs (Dugong dugon), are one of 35 species of marine mammals in Indonesia, and are the only animals of the Sirenia order whose area of ​​residence is not limited to coastal waters. But unfortunately, of the 1,507 km2 area of ​​seagrass beds (flowering plants that grow to form sea grass meadows at the bottom of shallow coastal waters) which are the habitat for dugong shelters in Indonesia, only 5% are classified as healthy, 80% are unhealthy, and 15% are considered healthy. % unhealthy. (LIPI, 2017)

CHARACTERISTICS OF DUGONG

Long-lived, can live up to 70 years
Large: Body length can reach 3 meters with a weight of 450 kg
Is the only seagrass-eating marine mammal, and helps balance the seagrass ecosystem
It can be found along the Indian and Pacific Ocean basins
Able to hold breath underwater for up to 12 minutes, while foraging and swimming.
WHY THIS SPECIES IS IMPORTANT

Dugongs are still being hunted alive and their meat consumed, even though they have been protected by the Government of Indonesia through Government Regulation no. 7 of 1999 concerning the Preservation of Plants & Animals.

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Orangutan : Based on the 2016 Orangutan PHVA results, it is currently estimated that there are 71,820 individual orangutans remaining on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah and Sarawak) in a habitat of 18,169,200 hectares. The population is spread over 52 meta-populations and only 38% of them are predicted to be viable in the next 100-500 years.

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 The cheetah, which was once found in large numbers throughout Africa and Asia, is facing the threat of global extinction. Also read: When Bakeries in Nigeria Are Called Extinct… Their population is estimated to be less than 8,000 in the wild, down by 50 percent over the last four decades.

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The Javanese eagle is a medium-sized eagle species from the Accipitridae family and the Nisaetus genus which is endemic to the island of Java. This animal is considered synonymous with the national symbol of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Garuda. And since 1992, this bird has been designated as the mascot of Indonesia's endangered species.Director of Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Environment (KLHK) of the Republic of Indonesia, Indra Eksploitasia said, in 2023, this is the first Javan eagle that we will release to the wild, but if we count from 2020 to 2022, we will release around 30 of them.

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In addition, property development on the island also destroys the bird's habitat, thereby disrupting the life of this bird. So far, it is not known for certain 

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BURUNG BAHAMA NUTHATCH.        The Bahama Nuthatch is a bird that was once found on Grand Bahama Island, United States. The island is 65 miles from Florida's Palm Beach. Reported by BirdWatching, this bird is one of the rarest bird species in the world.This bird, which has the scientific name Sitta pusilla insularis, is almost extinct. Since 2018, this bird has not been seen by scientists there. This is caused by the tornadoes that often hit the area.  

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BURUNG BAHAMA NUTHATCH.        The Bahama Nuthatch is a bird that was once found on Grand Bahama Island, United States. The island is 65 miles from Florida's Palm Beach. Reported by BirdWatching, this bird is one of the rarest bird species in the world.This bird, which has the scientific name Sitta pusilla insularis, is almost extinct. Since 2018, this bird has not been seen by scientists there. This is caused by the tornadoes that often hit the area.  

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Rahman Edwin jayalani
X.3/27

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snow leopard (Panthera uncia)

Though it’s called a leopard—and certainly resembles a frosted version of those spotted habitués of more equatorial regions—the snow leopard is actually more closely related to the tiger, at least per genetic analysis. Probably fewer than 6,500 remain in the wild, though due to the remote mountainous terrain preferred by the species, and its elusive nature, data is hard to come by. The largest populations are in China and Mongolia, with significant populations in India and Kyrgyzstan as well. Its natural prey include blue sheep and ibex, but in some areas, it is heavily dependent on domestic animals.

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The Javan leopard (panthera pardus melas) is the last big cat species to live in Java after the Javan tiger (panthera tigris sundaica) was declared extinct in the 1980s. "Currently the population of this protected animal (Javanese leopard) is no more than 500 scattered throughout the island of Java," he said at the Javan leopard conference. Especially ungulates such as deer, deer, pigs and mouse deer. Habitat loss, according to Zulkifli, is also often followed by conflicts between humans and Javan leopards. Most of these end in the death of these animals.

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NEPENTHES
The pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant that forms the genus Nepenthes and belongs to the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. It consists of 130 species not including natural or artificial hybrid types.
This special bag in the pitcher plant is covered with wax which is very slippery, making it difficult for insects that have been trapped in this bag to climb up and get out. This bag also produces an acidic liquid called proteolase which functions to digest the hard skeleton and flesh of insects.The pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant that forms the genus Nepenthes and belongs to the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. It consists of 130 species not including natural or artificial hybrid types.
This special bag in the pitcher plant is covered with wax which is very slippery, making it difficult for insects that have been trapped in this bag to climb up and get out. This bag also produces an acidic liquid called proteolase which functions to digest the hard skeleton and flesh of insects.

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The Komodo dragon's habitat is on Komodo Island which is located in the Komodo National Park, Komodo District, West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Provisi The population of these ancient animals continues to increase, in 2021 the number of Komodo dragons in Komodo National Park will reach 3,303. Human activities that cause damage to the natural environment, especially in the Komodo dragon's natural habitat. The government established the Komodo National Park to protect the endangered species that live in it.

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 The black orchid                 (Coelogynepandurata)is a species of orchid that grows in the Malay Peninsula, Kalimantan and     Sumatra.The black orchid is the mascot of the flora of East Kalimantan Province. At present, the original habitat of the black orchid has decreased significantly due to the shrinking forest area in Kalimantan, but in small quantities it can still be found in the Luway Luway Nature Reserve. It is thought that much more is in the hands of orchid collectors.The black orchid has a color that is not entirely black, the petals are pale green and the black labellum (flower tongue) really shows the shape of an exotic orchid flower. The charm of the black orchid is coupled with the wide flower diameter of up to 10 cm.

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The polar bear is a hypercarnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses, this includes the most northern regions of North America and Eurasia.

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ASIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus)

The IUCN’s best guess on the current population of Asian elephants, which inhabit 13 countries, is around 40,000–50,000. That number may be far lower; some regions inhabited by the lumbering pachyderms are inaccessible due to the terrain or to political volatility. Over 50% of the population is concentrated in India. The burgeoning human population there—and elsewhere in Asia—creates conflicts for space and resources. And while the tusks of Asian elephants are much smaller than those of their African counterparts, the Asian species is still poached for its ivory, meat, and skin.

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The Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) is a subspecies of tiger that is endemic to the island of Java.[3] This tiger was declared extinct around the 1980s, due to hunting and perking
The remaining forest area in Java is only 24 percent. Unfortunately the Job Creation Perpu abolished the minimum 30 percent forest area stipulated in the Forestry Law. In fact, the function of the forest is not only a matter of endangered flora and fauna, but also a common living space.As a result of shrinking forests and poaching, the Javan tiger was declared extinct in the 1980s. Although there are still parties, especially the people on the edge of the forest who believe in the existence of 'the striped' in the forests of Java with various evidence findings such as photos of tracks, scratches, excrement to eyewitness reportsIf the Javan tiger, it will affect the natural cycle in the forest and its ecological balance. Unfortunately, humans consider the threat of top predators to be a normal thing because they have not yet felt the impact

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Vaquita, the world's rarest marine mammal, is on the edge of extinction. The plight of cetaceans—whales, dolphins, and porpoises—as a whole is exemplified by the rapid decline of the vaquita in Mexico, with about 10 individuals remaining. This little porpoise wasn't discovered until 1958 and a little over half a century later, we are on the brink of losing them forever.

The vaquita has a large dark ring around its eyes and dark patches on its lips that form a thin line from the mouth to the pectoral fins. Its top—the dorsal surface—is dark gray, its sides are pale gray, and its underside—the ventral surface—is white with long, light gray markings. Newborn vaquita have darker coloration and a wide gray fringe of color that runs from the head to the flukes, passing through the dorsal and pectoral fins. They are most often found close to shore in the Gulf's shallow waters, although they quickly swim away if a boat approaches.

A survey released earlier this year estimated the vaquita population was as low as 30 individuals. An all time low for the porpoise, the population is half of what it was just the year before. And a 97% drop from the year before that.

Unsustainable and illegal fishing practices are the main drivers pushing vaquita to extinction, particularly due to bycatch from illegal fishing. Vaquitas share waters with the much sought-after totoaba fish and fishing nets inadvertently catch and drown the porpoise. Demand for totoaba swim bladders – believed to cure a variety of illness and diseases in Chinese medicine- is driving the vaquita to extinction. The swim bladders are often illegally smuggled over the US border and then shipped to China where it can sell up to USD 8,500 per kilogram in the black market.

On June 30, 2017, the government of Mexico announced a permanent ban on the use of gillnets in the Upper Gulf of California. The Gulf of California World Heritage site is at risk of being listed as in danger by the World Heritage Committee. Mexico has been given one year to demonstrate that it is taking appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures to protect this heritage site and the animals that live there—including the vaquita.

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The red cat (Pardofelis badia or Catopuma badia), also known as the Kalimantan cat, the Kalimantan red cat, or the Kalimantan rock cat, is a wild cat endemic to the island of Borneo that is less common than other sympatric cat species, based on a lack of historical and recent records. . In 2002, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classified this forest species as endangered due to an estimated population decline of more than 20% by 2020 due to habitat loss. In 2007, the effective population size was estimated at less than 2,500 adult cats.The red cat is forest dependent, and is increasingly threatened by deforestation of the following habitats in Borneo.

Kalimantan has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world. While in the mid-1980s forest still covered almost three quarters of the island, in 2005 only 52% of Kalimantan was still forested. Both forests and land make way for human settlement. The illegal trade in wildlife is a widespread practice.

Although Kalimantan has 25 wildlife reserves, only three actually exist, the others are only proposed. All reserves have been encroached on by human settlement and logging. Unfortunately local trappers and animal traders are also aware that foreign zoos and captive facilities will pay US$10,000 or more for live animals.

Why is the Kalimantan red cat rare?
Meanwhile, the Bornean red cat is threatened with extinction due to continued habitat loss and hunting.

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Klasifikasi, Ciri, Habitat dan Penyebaran Kucing Merah

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Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)

The luxurious waterproof coat that insulates sea otters from the chilly waters that they inhabit almost led to its extinction. A target of the commercial fur trade, the species was almost wiped out, with only some 2,000 of an estimated 300,000 left by 1911. That year, an international ban on commercial hunting was enacted. Though that ban, along with management and conservation measures taken in the wake of the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act, have helped populations recover to perhaps a third of their earlier numbers, they are highly vulnerable to both natural phenomena such as killer whale predation and to anthropogenic factors such as oil spills.

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Blue Whale

There are fewer than 25,000 blue whales, the largest animals on the planet. Comprising several subspecies, blue whales are found in all of the world’s oceans save the Arctic.
The current population is thought to have been reduced by up to 90% by whaling in the 20th century. Commercial hunting of the species was ultimately banned in 1966. The National Marine Fisheries Service of the U.S. spelled out a recovery plan in 1998. It stipulated the maintenance of photo databases of individual specimens and the collection of genetic and migration data in order to better understand the species, which remains at risk from ship collisions and entanglement in fishing nets.

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An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation.

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An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation.

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Giant Panda

One of the Giant Pandas at the San Diego Zoo enjoying a morning bamboo snack.