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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo/Mexican Cession 1848

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo/Mexican Cession 1848

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War, recognized the Rio Grande as the southernmost border of Texas, and included the Mexcian Cession. It granted the US Nevada, California, Utah, Texas, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Oklahoma for 15 million dollars.

This contributed to sectionalism as the new land created tensions about whether they should be admitted as free or slave states. Northern states believed it to be a plot for the South to extend their power.

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The Free Soil Party was a political party that focused on opposing slavery in the western territories.

This contributed to sectionalism because this group was against slavery in the new territories such as California and New Mexico. This widened the gap between the Northern and Southern, causing more tension.

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In 1848 Taylor ran as the Whig party candidate against Van Buren and Cass. Though he was a Southern slave owner, he took little stance on the issue of slavery. However, in 1849, he supported the admission of California and New Mexico as free states.

Hearing Taylor's decision, the Sectional Crisis continued to grow as radical Democrats in the deep South sparked talk of succession of the nation. Some went as far as to meet in Nashville, highlighting the differences between anti-slavery and pro-slavery settlers.

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The Compromise of 1850 addressed the growing tensions between the North and the South. It was an attempt to make the slave and free states balanced.

This contributed to sectionalism/civil war because it was only a temporary fix. The creation of the Republican Party which was in favor of anti-slavery, added to the sectional conflict. The election of Abraham Lincoln was viewed by the south as a direct threat. The tensions over slavery would lead to the succession of the Southern states and lead to the Civil War.

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This act was a key part of the Compromise of 1850. The Fugitive Slave act required runaway slaves to be returned to their owners, it stripped away legal rights of slaves and required Northern citizens to help capture slaves.

Because this act required Northern citizens to assist in capturing runaway slaves even in states where slavery was illegal. Many Northerners and abolitionist saw this as a violation of their rights.

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Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852

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Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852

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This is the story of a slave who is sold to a ruthless slave owner. He is abused and mistreated but then he meets a enslaved woman and the kind hearted daughter of the slave owner. This book portrayed the horrors of slavery and it spread in the North.

Uncle Tom's Cabin helped spread sympathy for slaves and anti-slavery sentiment throughout the North, while in the South the novel was deemed a gross misrepresentation and it was banned in many states. This was another example of how slavery was seen very differently in the different sides.

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Franklin Pierce was a form U.S. Senator and Mexican-American War hero. He ran for president supporting the Democratic Party. He ran against Winfield Scott, the Whig Party candidate. Pierce won the election marking the collapse of the Whig Party.

This election contributed significantly to the expansion of sectionalism that led to the Civil War. Pierce allowed settlers in new territories to decide whether to allow slavery or not. Northerners were very angered by this idea, deepening the divide between the north and the south.

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The Kansas-Nebraska act was the establishment of 2 new terrirories Kansas and Nebraska. The land was located West of Missouri and Iowas and was seen as great land for settlement/expansion.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a very important piece in the legislation leading up to the civil war. It aimed to facilitate the settlement of the western territories and build railroads, its provisions like the repeal of the Missouri compromise and popular sovereignty; it showed the nations of the division over the views on slavery. The violence lead to the collapse of the Whig party and pushed the country to the Civil War.

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After the Kansas- Nebraska act, both Southerners and Northerners rushed to the state to have a say in determining slavery. The opposing groups together created massacres, fighting, and overall conflict, earning the nickname "bleeding Kansas".

The chaos of Bleeding Kansas contributed to the Civil War as it shows how passionate and willing both anti-slave and pro-slave Americans were. Little was done by Pierce to keep order, and even the Democratic Party was divided between Northern and Southern factions.

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Senator Summer was known being an outspoken abolitionist and Representative Preston Brooks was an pro-slavery Democrat. In May 1856 Summer made a speech criticizing the pro-slavery forces in Kansas and opposed slavery in Kansas. Brooks was deeply offended by his speech and a few days after Brooks attacked Summer with a cane.

This worsened the tensions between the North and the South and the debates over slavery became more violent and heated.

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The election of 1856 was very crucial, as the slavery dispute was intensifying. James Buchanan was the Democratic candidate, he won due to the support of the south.

This election contributed to sectionalism by deepening the divide between the North and South. Buchanan was pro-slavery, and promises to keep the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Which allows territories to decide for or against slavery based on popular sovereignty. By the time he left office, the nation was about to start War because of the slavery issue. Abraham Lincoln came into office in 1860, who would lead directly to the secession of Southern states and the Civil War.

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In this Supreme Court case, Dred Scott was an ex-slave who moved to the free state of Wisconsin for 2 years. When he moved back to Missouri, he sued for freedom. Justice Roger Taney ruled that he had no right to sue because the framers of the Constitution did not want African Americans to be citizens, slavery should be allowed in all territories because they are property, and The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

Sectionalism further grew as Northern Republicans were infuriated by the ruling. As slavery was opened to all Western territories, Northerners began to believe Buchanan and the Supreme Court were scheming, leading many to vote Republican. Hopes for a compromise were jeoprodized.

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This was a proposed constitution for Kansas to be made a slave state. Many pro-slavery and antislavery settlers flooded Kansas to try and influence people. This sparked many violent interactions between the two groups and they then created rival governments.

This also deepened the sectional divide and contributed to more violent interactions as the Southerners were angered by the vetoed Constitution. It did not have support from Northerners in the state.

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John Brown's Raid was an attempt to start an armed slave rebellion by seizing and distributing weapons to enslabved people. It was ultimately a failure and there was major consequences.

While it failed militarily and resulted in his capture and execution, the raid had profound political and social consequences. It polarized the nation, fueled sectional tensions, and accelerated the descent into the Civil War. Brown’s raid highlighted the growing divide over slavery and the increasing willingness of some to resort to violence to settle the issue. His actions would leave a lasting legacy in American history as a symbol of both moral conviction and the dangers of extremism.

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The election was Lincoln of the Republicans vs Breckinridge and Douglas of the Democrats vs John Bell of the new Constitutional Union Party. While Abraham did win electoral votes, he lost the popular vote making him a minority president.

Lincoln's inauguration threatened slavery, and eventually led to the succession of the Deep South and Confederate States of America. The Confederacy and the Union fought against each other just 1 year later.

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It was driven by tensions over the issue of slavery and growing fears in the South that the federal government, now controlled by the anti-slavery Republican Party under President-elect Abraham Lincoln, would move to abolish or restrict slavery.

The secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860, was one of the last major events that would lead to the American Civil War. South Carolina’s decision was largely motivated by fears that the election of Abraham Lincoln would result in the abolition of slavery. The state’s secession was followed by other Southern states, which formed the Confederacy. The opposing sides triggered the Civil War, which would ultimately determine the fate of slavery and the future of the United States.

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This was a proposed set of constitutional amendments in attempts to prevent the secession of the Southern States and avert the American Civil War. The proposal called for the re-establishment of the 36' 30' line parallel.

Southerners supported this compromise while Notherns opposed it as it still expanded the issue. This was the last straw before the American Civil War.