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The global issue of the erasure of cultural heritage is evident in Persepolis through Marjane's experiences of cultural displacement and dislocation. Satrapi's use of visual motifs, such as the veil, serves as a symbol of Marjane's conflicted identity. In this context, the islamic revolution imposed many changes to the Iranian cultural identity, the complete elimination of western influence hindered the growth of Marjane's identity. Furthermore, Satrapi's use of contrasting visual styles and color palettes emphasizes Marjane's identity crisis. For instance, the scenes depicting Marjane's life during the Islamic revolution are often rendered in stark, black-and-white illustrations, while her experience in her old westernized life is depicted in vibrant, full-color panels. This visual contrast underscores the sense of dislocation and disorientation that Marjane feels as she navigates different cultural contexts.

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The politicization of education is evident throughout the beginning of the novel. While the shah was in rule, changes in educational premises were evident. The schools were switched up and separated into all-girl and all-boy sections. Education was hindered and suppressed, teaching only things that favored the Islamic revolution as is evidenced in the sequence above, when the teacher was seemingly forced to say that God chose the unjust Shah to rule. This shows how a heavily unjust rule heavily manipulated and politicized education. Satrapi uses the image of Marji being scolded to represent the heavy Irony that exists during this scene, the teacher was forced to say that god chose the Shah but ironically gets mad when Marji mentions it because she thinks she's saying it unironically, the use of irony exemplifies the forced change in education.

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The human cost in war remains prevalent in the first Persepolis. Since Iraq is at war with Iran, many casualties have happened. In this sequence, we can observe that Marji's friend's dad was murdered as a casualty of war, where she states "I wish he were alive and in jail rather than dead and a hero". This emphasizes the recurrent theme of war and how it affects people close to Marji. You can see the facial expressions of disappointment that Marji's friend shows, the words she utters have a deep feeling representing a personal loss that is considered a minor casualty in the bigger picture. It turns the environment into a hostile and cynical environment while the losses of citizens are mourned by characters like Marji and Marji's friend.

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Complete Denial of Modern "Art" in a Traditionally Minded Society

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Complete Denial of Modern "Art" in a Traditionally Minded Society

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Art is something incredibly subjective but it falls into categories, music, paintings, and pop culture. All of these can be considered modern art influences, like Kim Wilde or even Jeans. Here in this sequence, you can see the extreme oppression and indifference to any type of modern art form being worn. Marji is stopped for wearing a jacket, some buttons, and sneakers. You can see how Marji is scared an scare tactics are being applied to her, Sartrapi's use of profanity and shame emphasize the effect of words on cultural artistic expression. All of these modern art forms of expression are constantly suppressed by shaming the wearer and calling them "infidels". By using shame tactics, Islam can hold power over anyone using any type of modern art form.

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The Suppression of Dissent against an oppressive regime

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The Suppression of Dissent against an oppressive regime

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The suppression of dissent is a pervasive theme in Persepolis, as the Iranian regime exercises its power through coercion and fear. Satrapi's use of stark, black-and-white illustrations emphasizes the oppressive nature of the regime. The suppression of dissent is further evident in the regime's use of violence and intimidation to silence opposition.The scenes of protests, arrests, and executions are particularly striking in this regard, as they illustrate the regime's willingness to use brutal force to maintain its grip on power. As shown in this sequence, Marji attended a demonstration against the Shah's regime, which ended up turning into a fatality since many people were killed by own-nation extremists, this further shows how they suppressed free speech by violently silencing demonstrations to further ensure their influence on the people.

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The influence of societal biases and materialism on personal identity.

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The influence of societal biases and materialism on personal identity.

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This quote highlights the advice given to Nick Carraway by his father. As far as the quote itself goes, he warns him that if he ever finds himself wanting to criticize somebody else, Nick should consider that they might not have had the same opportunities that he has had. Fitzgerald uses Nick's reflective tone to highlight the values he inherited within his identity, showing how privilege and societal upbringing shape individual identity. Nick's father's advice implies an awareness of class-based privilege, a central theme in the novel, where economic and social advantages define people's roles and interactions.

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The excess of wealth interfering in the pursuit of happiness.

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The excess of wealth interfering in the pursuit of happiness.

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This quote highlights the misguided pursuit of material wealth as a means of achieving happiness. Gatsby’s longing for the green light symbolizes his aspiration for an idealized objective, something beautiful but far from his reach. conflating love with status and possessions. There is a sort of symbolism demonstrated in the quote, with the use of the green light, Fitzgerald wants to represent something close to unattainable, or far from reach as Gatsby himself is too far to reach. The reaching action reflects how Gatsby longs to get ahold of whatever is across that dock. The tone itself is melancholic and yearning, showing the disdain that Gatsby is going through.

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The use of power to convey ideas of superiority and social inequality.

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The use of power to convey ideas of superiority and social inequality.

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This quote exemplifies the clash between politics and power, where Tom uses pseudo-scientific racial theories to justify his privilege and perpetuate systemic injustice. It reflects the broader societal dynamics of the 1920s. He talks as if his "race" is the "superior" race, and then procceds to show some sort of fake evidence that does not have any type of value whatsoever. Tom claims to be concerned about civilization’s decline while he embodies moral corruption and hypocrisy himself. His external affair with Myrtle, violence, and lack of accountability contrast sharply with his self-professed role as a defender of "civilization." His radical views of so-called politics go to show how much ignorance existent in the 1920's.

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The impact of industrialization on the environment and human values

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The impact of industrialization on the environment and human values

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The valley of ashes vividly portrays the environmental degradation caused by unchecked industrialization. It represents how technological advancements while enabling wealth and modernity for some, come at the cost of exploitation and decay for others. The vivid imagery that Fitzgerald displays to describe the Valley of Ashes further shows the negative effect that industrialization has on the environment. The “valley of ashes” symbolizes the byproducts of industrialization and consumer culture, where waste and pollution replace natural beauty.

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The display of modern architecture to highlight different social classes

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The display of modern architecture to highlight different social classes

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This quote represents one of the most descriptive paragraphs yet. The author describes one of the houses that stays among the mansions where Nick Carraway lives. The vivid use of imagery exaggerates the difference between social classes by comparing the massive mansion styles with the humble cottage in which Nick Carraway resides. The opulent mansions of East Egg symbolize tradition, exclusivity, and inherited privilege, while the more ostentatious and modern estates of West Egg represent ambition, materialism, and the outsider's attempt to break into elite society. The artistic value of the houses highlights the clear social divide that Nick Carraway feels when he lays eyes upon te grand mansions with different architectural styles.

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Although this gobal issue may not fall into the entire main idea of the story, since it follows the story of Okokonkwo and his personal evolution based on societal expectations, and even his own expectations that make him not want to become like his father. Here, the quote exempliefies how cultural identity can become fragmeneted by the arrival of foreign influence, like the colonial britishmen. Things Fall Apart highlights the slow but devastating fragmentation of Igbo identity due to colonial interference. The introduction of Christianity and Western governance causes internal divisions, eroding traditional beliefs and social cohesion. This quote, spoken by Obierika, encapsulates how colonialism breaks the communal bonds that once defined Igbo society. When missionaries arrive, a rift is created Umuofia, causing the cultural divide that on things that once held them together.

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The Undermining of Traditional Roles and Knowledge

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The Undermining of Traditional Roles and Knowledge

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Things Fall Apart explores how colonial influence disrupts traditional Igbo education, which was based on oral storytelling, rituals, and communal wisdom. The introduction of Western education challenges the authority of elders, dismantling the system that once preserved Igbo customs and roles. Despite the many tales and traditions that were passed around generationally, some things just change, and in the wuote, Okonkwo expresses his worry to the oyunger generation beacsue of, yet again, foreign influences. By rejecting tradition and embracing change, the shift in education is evident, since early education primed the value of tradition, the biggest contradiction exists within the rejection of those teachings.

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The Destruction of Indigenous Governance

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The Destruction of Indigenous Governance

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The British systematically dismantle Igbo political structures, replacing them with colonial rule that disregards traditional justice systems. Leaders who once held power through consensus and tradition are reduced to subjugation under the colonial government. I chose this quote because Okonkwo is edbating on the fact that leavin an important matter to the white man is actually the wise move. Considering what Okonkwo is talking about, the white man holds no respect for igbo traditions therefore he assumes that his way of seeing things is the only correct way of handling things. This moment highlights the fundamental disconnect between the two governance systems, where the British refuse to understand or respect Igbo traditions.

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The arrival of European trade fundamentally changes the Igbo economy. The British exploit palm oil production, shifting Igbo society from self-sufficient agriculture to dependence on a colonial economy. While some see economic benefits, the long-term consequence is a loss of autonomy and traditional ways of life. There is an evident change in the customs and ways of financial trade, considering the big factor of foreign influence on the economy, so in term, Umuofia suffered a great deal of economical change by being indoctrinated into a culture of overpricing natural resources that they one deemed normal.

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Achebe’s novel itself serves as a rebuttal to colonial literature that misrepresents African societies. The final chapter illustrates how indigenous stories are reduced to mere footnotes in European history. The District Commissioner’s plan to write about Okonkwo’s story in his book shows the erasure of indigenous voices:

“One could almost write a whole chapter on him. Perhaps not a whole chapter but a reasonable paragraph, at any rate.” (Final Chapter). Okonkwo’s rich and tragic life is diminished into a single paragraph, symbolizing how colonial narratives erase the complexities of African cultures. By diminishing the life story of a human just because he belongs within Igbo culture shows the supression of creative dissent when encounterd with European colonial influence.

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The suppression of individual freedom through state control of truth and language.

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The suppression of individual freedom through state control of truth and language.

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This shows how political power suppresses freedom of thought and behavior, forcing citizens into self-censorship. The quote itsel'f describes that you had to live like they told you to live, always inc onstant alert because you are constanly being observed no matter what situation. This state-sponsored paranoia breaks down the individual’s ability to think or behave independently. The government weaponizes surveillance to dismantle justice—not in a legal sense, but in the moral right of people to exist without fear. This kind of power eradicats the ability to maintain a personal life without an overwhelming amount of surveillancce watching your every move.

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The destruction of personal identity and community bonds through state-imposed norms. 

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The destruction of personal identity and community bonds through state-imposed norms. 

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In Oceania, the Party has stripped individuals of privacy, autonomy, and personal identity. Clothing is uniform, thoughts are monitored, and even facial expressions must align with Party expectations. This quote highlights the intense isolation and internalization of identity. By enhancing thte exagerated fact that only a few cubic centimeters of your brain were yours, Orwel highlights the full opression of free speech and most importantly, free thinking. The sort of hiperbole of the exagerated just adds to the fact that the society in Oceania lives under complete control of the regime.

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The manipulation of beliefs and values through ideological education and propaganda.

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The manipulation of beliefs and values through ideological education and propaganda.

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This shows how the Party doesn’t rely only on surveillance or violence—it shapes beliefs from childhood, ensuring loyalty before independent thought can develop. Organizations like the Spies and the Youth League train children to value betrayal over trust, to worship Big Brother. This also causes a forced perspective on emotions and feelings by deeming them as weak. The beliefes passed on by the regime make human emotions seem as something not worthy of doing. Feelings seem weak, emotion is for the weak, expressing them is certainly for the weak. Those are the values passed down to the new generation of Oceania. . Education is weaponized, turning schools into ideological factories. This reflects global concerns over how authoritarian regimes control education systems to normalize oppressive values, creating generations of obedient citizens who never question authority.

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The erasure of creativity and imagination as a method of political control.

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The erasure of creativity and imagination as a method of political control.

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At first, the ministry of truth is something that seems to influence truthful subjects. At first, this sounds like a place of culture—but it’s a lie. The Ministry of Truth doesn’t produce art; it replaces creativity with propaganda. Instead of art reflecting truth, emotion, or beauty, it becomes a tool for controlling public opinion. Novels, poems, films, even music are stripped of originality and used to glorify the Party and demonize its enemies. This is a clear attack on imagination—by limiting what can be created, the regime also limits what can be imagined. Globally, this reflects the way oppressive systems censor the arts to stop critical thinking and emotional resistance. By controlling aspects of life that may be considered art, the ministry exmeplifies the clear opression of all forms of expression, including art.

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The use of science and technology to dominate human life and disconnect society from natural environments.

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The use of science and technology to dominate human life and disconnect society from natural environments.

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This shows how science and technology are twisted into instruments of oppression. The telescreen is a constant reminder that human life is no longer private—citizens are under total surveillance, monitored in every action and even facial expression. Instead of using technology to improve lives, the Party uses it to control behavior and enforce conformity, turning innovation into a mechanism of fear. This connects globally to concerns about state surveillance, data privacy, and AI used to suppress human rights.