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The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I but imposed severe reparations, territorial losses, and military restrictions on Germany. Article 231, the "War Guilt Clause," blamed Germany solely for the war. The treaty caused widespread anger and humiliation among Germans, creating fertile ground for nationalist ideologies. Hitler used the treaty as central theme in his propaganda, blaming Germany's suffering on the Allies, Communists, and Jews. He proposed to restore German pride by overturning the treaty's terms.

OPVL:

The Article of 231 was drafted by the Allied Powers and signed in Versailles in 1919 after World War I. This was formally end WWI and assign blame and reparations to Germany. With this, it demonstrated the harsh conditions imposed in Germany, which Hitler exploited to rally resentment. Along with highlighting the economic and political strain that contributed to the Weimar Republic's instability. This reflects only the Allied perspective and intent, by not accounting for Germany's internal reactions or the long-term impact of the treaty's enforcement

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Founding of the Nazi Party; NSDAP (1920)

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Founding of the Nazi Party; NSDAP (1920)

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The initially founded German Workers' Party (DAP) in 1919, Hitler later joined and became its most influential member. In 1920, he renamed it as the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). This party adopted a 25-point program, empathizing nationalism, anti-semitism, and anti-versailles rhetoric. With this, Hitler's leadership and oratory skills transformed the Nazi Party into a mass movement. The 25-point program laid the ideological foundation for the party's rise to power.

OPVL:

The Nazi Party 25-point program was written by Adolf Hitler and Anton Drexler in 1920. This was made to outline the party's platform and attract followers. It provided insight into ideological basis of Nazi policies and programs to influence the German people and create awareness to fellow citizens. This reflects the party's early focus in anti-semitism, nationalism, and anti-capitalism. However, it was written as propaganda, with some points were intentionally vague to appeal to a broad influence.

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The Nazis attempted to overthrow the Bavarian government in Munich, inspired by Mussolini's March on Rome. The coup failed, and Hitler was arrested for treason. Despite its failure, the Putsch brought national attention to Hitler. His trial became a platform for him to spread his ideas, and his relatively lenient sentence allowed him to regroup and strategize.

OPVL:

During Hitler's speech during his trial for treason was delivered in court in 1924. This was to justify his actions and promote his nationalist ideology. This showed Hitler's rhetorical skills and ability to turn setbacks into opportunities. Along with how lenient the judiciary was toward right-wing extremism. The speech is self-serving and does not provide an objective account of the Putsch's failure or its consequences.

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While imprisoned after the Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, outlining his ideology, including his anti-semitic beliefs and plans for Germany's expansion. Mein Kampf became the manifesto of the Nazi Party, influencing its policies and propaganda. It revealed Hitler's long-term goals and served as a warning of his ambitions.

OPVL:

Mein Kampf was written by Hitler in prison and was published in 1925. The manifesto was used to promote his vision for Germany and attract supporters. This offered direct insight into Hitler's ideology and long-term plans for his version of Germany. It provides a primary source for understanding the foundations of Nazi policies. However, it was highly biased, featuring highly propagandistic excepts reflecting only Hitler's perspective.

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The Schutzstaffel (SS) was established as an elite primary unit loyal to Hitler. Initially serving as his personal bodyguard, it grew under Heinrich Himmler's leadership. The SS became a critical instrument of Nazi terror, enforcing policies, pouring rivals, and later overseeing the Holocaust.

OPVL:

The SS oath of loyalty to Hitler was introduced in 1925. The oath was used to enforced absolute allegiance to Hitler. It highlights the cult of personality surrounding Hitler and many others that shared his beliefs. It birthed the growing militarization and centralization of Nazi power. However, it does not provide insight into the broader role of the SS in the Nazi operations as niches.

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The Great Depression embarked on global collapse caused massive unemployment and poverty in Germany, eroding faith in the Weimar Republic. Extremist parties like the Nazis gained support by promising stability and economic recovery. The Nazis exploties the crisis, blaming it on the Weimar government, Jews, and Communists, while positioning Hitler as Germany's savor.

OPVL:

Including one of the many Nazi propaganda posters from the 1930s, promising jobs and economic revival during the Great Depression. It was used to attract support by addressing economic hardships. It illustrated how Nazis appealed to the unemployed and struggling middle class. The influence of propaganda in gaining electoral support allowed many to align with Nazi ideology and exponentially grew Hitler's following as a whole. However, the role of propaganda in gaining electoral support was very simplistic and exaggerated, claiming lacking policy details.

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The Nazis became the largest party in the Reichstag in July 1932 elections. By March 1933, they gained more seats, securing their political dominance. This demonstrated growing public support for the Nazis, driven by propaganda, economic despair, and fear of Communism.

OPVL:

The Nazi election poster from 1932 was used to promote Hitler and the party's platform. It shows how the Nazis used fear tactics and hope to appeal to voters, mainly revolving around the middle class. However, during this time, it does not reflect the broader social and economic factors influencing voter behavior.

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The Reichstag building was set on fire, and the Nazis blamed Communist, using the event to justify emergency powers. The fire allowed Hitler to pass the Reichstag Fire Decree, suspending civil liberties and suppressing political opposition.

OPVL:

On February 28, 1933, there was a German newspaper reporting on the fire. The newspaper was used to justify emergency measures given the Reichstag being set a blaze. It shows how the Nazis manipulated the event to consolidate power, while ignoring the real truth just to gain another check mark on their agenda. Since every piece of media was produced under Nazi regime, it does not objectively address the fire's true cause.

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The Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, granting Hitler doctoral powers to rule without parliament consent. This marked the legal end of democracy in Germany and the beginning of Hitler's totalitarian rule.

OPVL:

The Enabling Act was passed in March 1933 to formalize Hitler's authority. It highlights the legislative landslide being used as a mechanism to dismantle democracy and align with Hitler's "popular" ideas. He wanted everything on his own terms, proving the manipulation process to gain control. However, this does not reflect in intimidation used to secure its passage.

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President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor, underestimating his ability to consolidate power. This gave Hitler the platform to dismantle the Weimar Republic once and far all by taking it apart internally.

OPVL:

The photograph of Hitler's appointment was taken on January 30, 1933. This was used to document the major turn of the German government, along with indicating the naive activity taking place among German politicians and citizens. It provides visual evidence of Hitler's ascent to power. However, it does not reflect the political deals behind his appointment.