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Definition- An atom is the basic unit of an element.

Examples- #1: The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons. #2: An atom is the smallest unit of matter. #3: An atom is the fundamental building block of matter. This means that it is the smallest particle that keeps the properties of a chemical element and cannot be further broken down chemically.

Website: https://www.britannica.com/science/atom

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Diagram of the atomic number of the chemical element Fluorine. 

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Definition- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

Examples- #1: The atomic number of any element on the periodic table represents the number of protons in an atom of that element. #2: Hydrogen has a single proton in its nucleus, making its atomic number 1. #3: Helium has two protons in its nucleus, giving it an atomic number of 2. #4: Carbon has six protons in its nucleus, giving it an atomic number of 6.

Website: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_1402%3A_General_Chemistry_1_(Kattoum)/Text/2%3A_Atoms%2C_Molecules%2C_and_Ions/2.02%3A_Atomic_Number%2C_Mass_Number%2C_and_Atomic_Mass_Unit

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Definition- A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

Examples- #1: Electrons carry a negative electrical charge. #2: They are fundamental particles that make up an atom, alongside protons and neutrons. #3: Electrons are located in shells around the nucleus of an atom.

Website: https://www.britannica.com/science/electron

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Definition- A representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom.

Examples- #1: The dots represent the valence electrons of an atom, which are the electrons in the outermost shell and participate in chemical bonding. #2: In the diagram, Nitrogen has five dots, which shows that it has five valence electrons. #3: In the diagram, Carbon has four dots, showing that it has four valence electrons.

Website: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK12)/08%3A_Ionic_and_Metallic_Bonding/8.01%3A_Electron_Dot_Diagrams

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Definition- A simple substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts or changed into another substance.

Examples- #1: Examples of elements are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, aluminum, iron, gold, and copper. Elements are any substance that cannot be broken down further into other substances and is made up of only one type of atom. #2: All known elements are listed on the periodic table. #3: Examples of elements in our life is the oxygen we breathe, carbon in our bodies, sodium in salt, and copper in electrical wires.

Website: https://www.chemicool.com/definition/element.html#google_vignette

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Diagram of the energy levels of an atom.

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Definition- Fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found.

Examples- #1: The different energy levels of electrons within an atom are represented by shells like the first energy level, second energy level, and more. #2: Electrons in an atom can only occupy specific energy levels, which are often shown as shells around the nucleus. The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the lower its energy level. #3: An atom is most stable if its outermost energy level contains as many electrons as it can hold.

Website: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/05%3A_Electrons_in_Atoms/5.12%3A_Energy_Level

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Definition- A form of a chemical element in which the atoms have the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons.

Examples- #1: Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons (atomic number) but a different number of neutrons which leads to a different atomic mass. #2: The most common example of isotopes is hydrogen, which has three isotopes. protium (hydrogen-1), deuterium (hydrogen-2), and tritium (hydrogen-3).

Website: https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainsisotopes

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Definition- A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom that has no electrical charge.

Example- #1: The number of neutrons in an atom determines its isotope. #2: They are found in the nucleus of an atom alongside protons. #3: They are neutral particles which means that they have no electrical charge.

Website: https://www.britannica.com/science/neutron

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Definition- The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.

Examples- #1: Carbon-12. A carbon atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons has a mass number of 12. #2: Oxygen-16. An oxygen atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons has a mass number of 16. #3: Chlorine-35. A chlorine atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons has a mass number of 35.

Website: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_1402%3A_General_Chemistry_1_(Kattoum)/Text/2%3A_Atoms%2C_Molecules%2C_and_Ions/2.02%3A_Atomic_Number%2C_Mass_Number%2C_and_Atomic_Mass_Unit

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Definition- An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge.

Examples- #1: Positively charged ions are called cations. #2: Negatively charged ions are called anions. #3: An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.

Website: https://www.britannica.com/science/ion-physics

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Diagram of the location of valence electrons.

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Definition- A single electron or one of two or more electrons in the outer shell of an atom that is responsible for the chemical properties of the atom.

Examples- #1: Oxygen has six valence electrons in its outer shell, allowing it to form covalent bonds with other atoms. #2: When studying chemical reactions, it's very important to understand the distribution of valence electrons in an atom. #3: The reactivity of an element is mostly determined by the number of valence electrons it has.

Website: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Advanced_Chemistry/03%3A_Chemical_Bonding/3.01%3A_Valence_Electrons

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Definition- A table in which the chemical elements are organized in rows called periods and columns called groups in order of increasing atomic number.

Examples- #1: The periodic table refers to the organized chart that lists all known chemical elements. #2: Each element is identified by its atomic number, which represents the number of protons in its nucleus. #3: The periodic table includes halogens, metals, and gases, but not all elements are classified as one of these categories.

Website: https://www.britannica.com/science/periodic-table

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Definition- A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Examples- #1: The number of protons in an atom determines what element it is. #2: Proton counts in different elements are, hydrogen: 1 proton, helium: 2 protons, lithium: 3 protons, carbon: 6 protons, and carbon: 8 protons. #3: Protons carry a positive electrical charge.

Website: https://www.britannica.com/science/proton-subatomic-particle

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Definition- the positively charged central portion of an atom that contains nearly all of the atomic mass and that consists of protons and neutrons.

Examples- #1: The nucleus is like the brain of the cell. It controls its functions and contains the chromosomes with genetic information. #2: Animal or plant cells contain a nucleus which contains its genetic material. #3: The nucleus contains all of our genetic information.

Website: https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-nucleus-605434

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Definition- Emitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles.

Examples- #1: Radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei which decay over time. This releases radiation in the process. #2: Different radioactive elements emit different types of radiation, including alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

Website: https://www.britannica.com/science/radioactivity