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Main Point #4- Toxic stress versus Immigrant children equals impact on brain development and risk of poor health.

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Main Point #4- Toxic stress versus Immigrant children equals impact on brain development and risk of poor health.

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Main Point #3- Exposure to post traumatic event effects your cognitive and affective development.

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Main Point #3- Exposure to post traumatic event effects your cognitive and affective development.

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Main Point #2-Development takes a hit because of being displaced.

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Main Point #2-Development takes a hit because of being displaced.

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Main Point #1- How schools can help with migration trauma

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Main Point #1- How schools can help with migration trauma

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We will focus on how the unique challenges immigrant children face, such as adapting to a new culture and dealing with potential discrimination, significantly influence their emotional well-being, social interactions, and academic performance. This could lead to a discussion on the importance of tailored support systems to help these children thrive.

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Additionally, many immigrant children benefit from strong family and community support systems. Immigrant families often place a high value on education and hard work, which can positively influence children’s motivation and academic performance. The experience of navigating two cultures can also cultivate important life skills such as empathy, adaptability, and a broader global perspective.

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https://caccl-bakers.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CACCL_BAKERS/1n4sv2o/cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2210569184

The authors is Angela Garcia in writing Treating Toxic Stress in Immigrant Children in 2018. This is a scholar article about how immigrant children more specifically Latino students experience toxic stress. This relates to my topic as I am focusing on how immigrant children development is affected and this targets the exact audience I am researching along with the theme. It reveals how children can experience many factors of trauma that will expose them to a greater risk of toxic stress. It discusses how it negatively impacts brain development and increases risk of poor health.

APA Citation:

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https://caccl-bakers.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CACCL_BAKERS/1n4sv2o/cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2436869432

The authors Jennifer Harmon and Amanda Venta wrote Adolescent Posttraumatic Growth in 2020. This is a scholar article about how being exposed to a post traumatic event could effect your cognitive and affective development.This is written with research and findings conducted through a study. This relates to my topic since its about how there can be an effect on adolescence development due to traumatic event(such as crossing the border as a child). It shows how there is a positive correlation on that there is even post traumatic growth well into developing as an adult.

APA Citation:

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Source 3-Katharina Bernhardt, Saskia Le Beherec, Jana R. Uppendahl, Melia Fleischmann, Matthias Klosinski and Luisa M. Rivera

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Source 3-Katharina Bernhardt, Saskia Le Beherec, Jana R. Uppendahl, Melia Fleischmann, Matthias Klosinski and Luisa M. Rivera

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https://caccl-bakers.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CACCL_BAKERS/1n4sv2o/cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_8483872c30d44183814d680f45017da5

There are multiple authors who participated in writing Young Children’s development after Forced Displacement: A systematic review in 2024. This is a scholarly article about the impact on young children from ages 0-6 years old after being displaced. This can be seen by how the social emotional and cognitive development are impacted. This is written with a study design, methods, and various experts participating. This relates to my topic as it is about how young children who are mostly immigrants develop due to the circumstances. It shows how secure living conditions can promote children’s development and interrupting that can do the opposite.

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https://caccl-bakers.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CACCL_BAKERS/1n4sv2o/cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6208907

The author is Diana Franco in writing Trauma without Borders: The Necessity for School-Based Interventions in Treating Unaccompanied Refugee Minors in 2018. This is a scholar article about how specifically unaccompanied Mexican and Central American minors and migration trauma. This prefectly ties with my topic as it resembles Solito as he was unaccompanied on migrating to the US. It reveals how they are affected and how schools could help with programs that help them.This is a journal article it is part of the Child and Social Work Journal and discusses difficulties of immigration such as PTSD, anxiety and depression.

APA Citation:

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The source suggests that the hardships brings resilience and hard working ethic to children.

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the source is a study and suggests that separation brings resilience.

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The author Javier Zamora wrote Solito in 2022. Solito is a memoir about 9-year old Solito who traveled to the United States to reunite with his parents. The memoir is written from Zamora’s perspective in first person point of view. This memoir relates to my topic because it is based on the experience of a child going through a mature and harsh obstacle. It shows how the author is developing through this hard time in his life and the outcomes being reflected.

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Though immigrant children experience hardships such as delegating tasks more advance than their age yet there is an impact on their development later on.

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Research paper outline

Thesis: While the United States has made strides with immigrants in educational achievements and life improvements over the last decade, college level education is still a tremendous and unequal obstacle for former DACA recipients now that the program has come to a close. In addition to the uncertainty that their education would be able to continue. the reality of socioeconomics barriers affects them with the cost of housing, cost of education, safe environments, and overwhelming course work that comes with higher education.

MAIN IDEA: my research essay is to explore the connection between DACA recipients and the idea of higher education contributing to a better life alongside dealing with social and economic problems that plague immigrant communities and families in the United States. Firstly the question would be how would this effect the medical profession, with more people interested in the medical field there would be more diversity and inclusion for people who are ill and want to be treated. Those people who could be treating them at one point in time were undocumented citizens who under DACA there children would have the freedom and ability to pursue this choice of profession yet with current government legislation the possibility of deportation becomes more apparent

A: even so with current officials unable to come to a consensus on the state of the program the fear of being displaced from somewhere you have worked and lived can be heart breaking and extremely difficult to manage.

B. The life quality of immigrants can vary from family to family such things as duration of time spent in the U.S plays a major factor in they type of assistance they would ask of the government this article goes over the different needs of families who ask the government for assistance for example those who were here for a shorter duration asked for immediate help with food and clothing as opposed to those who stayed for years asked for assistance in things like housing and transportation.

C. As part of government assistance for immigrants some people believe that technology should also be available for them such as computers since majority of information can be found online this could not only help educate them but also be used as a way to communicate and make connections with communities that they are apart of as well as a way to get a better understanding of America life through social interactions both online and in person.

D.  the public health care available to DACA recipients which gives details on what medications they can afford and what is and isn’t covered under the public health insurance programs.

E. Information on different kinds of immigrants can also help identify what type of aid or life support this person would need such as the difference between an asylum seeker and a person born in the U.S by immigrant parents.

F. Looking and comparing the difference between generational immigrate in families as they navigate both life and educational opportunities as DACA recipients.

COUNTERARGUMENT:

A compelling counter argument would be along the issue of resources as well as decision on who gets them such as government assistance why should the government provide and protect for immigrants if it can’t do so for its own American citizens who could benefit from that assistance as well.

Alongside the medical cost of hospital visits and illnesses that require large sums of money wouldn’t those benefits be better suited to the American people who can get better and return to the work.

WORK CITED:

1.     Iwai, Yoshiko, et al. “Supporting DACA Recipients and International Students Pursuing Careers in Medicine: A Pilot Program for Advisors.” PLoS ONE, vol. 17, no. 2, Feb. 2023, pp. 1–13. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.bakersfieldcollege.idm.oclc.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281540.

2.     Duh-Leong, Carol, et al. “Duration of US Residence And Resource Needs In Immigrant Families With Young Children.” Journal of Child & Family Studies, vol. 31, no. 1, Jan. 2022, pp. 211–19. EBSCOhost, https://doi-org.bakersfieldcollege.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02182-0.

3.     Park, Jin K et al. “DACA, public health, and immigrant restrictions on healthcare in the United States.” Lancet regional health. Americas vol. 21 100493. 17 Apr. 2023, doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100493

4.     McDonald, Sashane. “What Are the Differences Between Immigration Statuses? Refugee, Asylee, TPS, Parolee, DACA, and Nonimmigrant Status.” GPSolo, vol. 41, no. 4, July 2024, pp. 23–26. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=179113312&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

5.  Gillezeau, Christina et al. “Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) medical students - an examination of their journey and experiences as medical students in limbo.” BMC medical education vol. 21,1 358. 28 Jun. 2021, doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02787-5

6.  El-Banna, Ghida et al. “The Intergenerational Health Effects of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program on Families With Mixed Immigration Status.” Academic pediatrics vol. 22,5 (2022): 729-735. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.07.016

7.  Torres, Jacqueline M et al. “The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and birth outcomes in California: a quasi-experimental study.” BMC public health vol. 22,1 1449. 29 Jul. 2022, doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13846-x

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Works Cited:example

“Alcohol Use of First-Generation Immigrants.” Alcohol.org, alcohol.org/alcoholism-and-race/immigrants/.

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WebTYs.com. “Academic Book: Alcohol Abuse and Acculturation among Puerto Ricans in the United States: A Sociological Study.” Mellenpress.com, 2024, mellenpress.com/book/Alcohol-Abuse-and-Acculturation-Among-Puerto-Ricans-in-the-United-States-A-Sociological-Study/6339/. Accessed 6 Nov. 2024.

Grande, Reyna. The Distance Between Us: A Memoir. Atria Books, 2012.

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Lilian Luna

Professor Patton

English B1A

04  November 2024

THESIS:The specific challenges confronted by immigrants in regard to alcoholism include; a negative stigma attached to its practice, lack of health facilities that cater to mental issues and the trees acquired during the immigration process which can worsen the addiction problem. Alleviation of these problems could involve the use of socioculturally tailored approaches and supportive resources considering the socio-cultural dimensions of the client and the level of acculturation of the client into the society.

Main Idea: Alcohol can be a cruel substance in many people's lives. They often struggle with this silent battle when migrating to a new country for the first time either alone or with others. They also tend to struggle adapting to their new society, isolation, financial pressures,and discrimination. Mental Health is very important as well immigrants tend to struggle deeply with their mental health.It also ties in with their trauma and family issues, and what they have dealt with in their past.It also gives them the ability to create instability, strain on relationships, financial difficulties, and can even lead to neglect or abuse of children. Many immigrants migrate to other countries to get a better job and provide for their families, it puts a weight on their shoulders by dealing with the economy and employment pressure.

In this article about Puerto Rican Alcohol Abuse when migrating.

“Alcohol abuse and acculturation among Puerto Ricans in the United States; a sociological study”. The text states that, when migrating it can be difficult to adjust to a new place. So immigrants deal with the fact of loneliness and other things. So the only way they can cope with their depression is abusing their alcohol limit. “No statistically significant differences were found among subjects in the low, partial and high acculturation categories in terms of their levels of acculturative stress, or their frequency and amount of alcohol consumption. Significant associations were found, however, between stress and alcohol and illegal drug use. Findings suggest that the associations between alcohol/drug use and stress were significantly stronger among female and United States-born subjects. Study findings also suggest differences between Puerto Rican and other Latino alcohol users in the United States.”

This next article“Alcohol Use of First-Generation Immigrants.” is about First Generation immigrants abusing their alcohol limit. It states that, “While the reported percentage of first-generation immigrants struggling with alcohol abuse is lower than second-generation immigrants, getting access to treatment is more difficult for this group. Additionally, the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder increases depending on the age the person was when they entered the US.” The percentages in this article states that when you're a second generation immigrant you have more pressure put on you because you want to make your generation above you proud. So with that it puts more might on their shoulders and can cause depression and substance abuse.

Works Cited:

“Alcohol Use of First-Generation Immigrants.” Alcohol.org, alcohol.org/alcoholism-and-race/immigrants/.

‌

WebTYs.com. “Academic Book: Alcohol Abuse and Acculturation among Puerto Ricans in the United States: A Sociological Study.” Mellenpress.com, 2024, mellenpress.com/book/Alcohol-Abuse-and-Acculturation-Among-Puerto-Ricans-in-the-United-States-A-Sociological-Study/6339/. Accessed 6 Nov. 2024.

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This memoir is about Reyna Grande, an immigrant from Iguala Mexico who came to the United States when she was four years old. The book details her struggles with fitting with her new culture and belonging. The memoir was written in 2018.

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This study breaks down the time spent on social media. According to the study, not all activities lead to depression (15).

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Counterargument: People with Addictive Personalities Are Usually the Ones Affected

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Counterargument: People with Addictive Personalities Are Usually the Ones Affected

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Franklin notes that people who have addictive personalities already will more easily fall into social media addiction (26).

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Capernaum argues that increasing our public social activities will help us to avoid excessively scrolling through social media.  Additionally, if we make a conscious decision to ENJOY the moment we're in, rather than photograph it and post it on social media, we will be better focused on the experience and less focused on whether or not anyone is liking our post (74).

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This study was based in Australia and surveyed young adults in a counseling center, seeking treatment for depression and anxiety. Of the individuals surveyed, approximately 80 percent spent 30 or more hours per week on social media and reported feeling "insecure" and "insufficient" after viewing most posts (46). However, 60 percent of the individuals surveyed found the counseling center's contact information through social media links (48).

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This study found that teens in the UK spent an average of 4 hours per day reading/viewing posts by social media influencers. It also found that at least 25% of the teens they surveyed believed that they had the potential to be social influencers themselves (114).

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This source argues that if children are frequently left unsupervised with social media, they inevitably find their way to dangerous people or websites that can affect how they think about themselves (28).

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Counterargument: Parents Are the Real Problem

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Counterargument: Parents Are the Real Problem

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Franklin argues that social media isn't going away any time soon, so parents are responsible for helping their children set time limits and learn self-control (25). He also found that children with overly restrictive parents are more likely to find ways to "sneak" time on social media.

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Brown, Thomas, and Jack Thompson. "Article Title I'm Creating." Journal of Pretend Research, vol. 2, no. 8, 2019, pp. 45-48. doi:10.1019/64657/sd5

Capernaum, Christopher. "Behind Closed Doors: What Parents Don't See." American Journal of Psychiatric Problems, vol. 231, no. 4, 2019, pp. 65-77. doi:10.002197190/3940

Franklin, Thomas. "Get in Your Kid's Phone: Parents' Responsibility for Social Media Use." Journal of Better Parenting, vol. 7, no. 3, 2021, pp. 24-30. doi:10.1054709/0937

Jackson, Edgar, Miguel Borges, and Richard Frost. "Fake Article on Social Media Use." American Kidding Journal, vol. 53, no. 6, 2020, pp. 239-250. doi:10.1915897/9879

Joaquin, Isabella, and Miguel Burges. "You Can Influence Too: Attitudes and Perceptions of Teens in the UK." Journal of Social Anxiety, vol. 56, no. 2, 2020, pp. 111-123. doi:10.103800/0930v0-0c

Marquez, Gabrielle, et al. "Another Article on the List." Journal of International Social Media, vol. 342, no. 9, Mar. 2018, pp. 56-77. doi:10.1012/09347s9d7g0

Tippan, Michael, Jeremiah Jones, and Rashaad Al-Aman. "Strategies for Advertising." Counseling Quarterly, vol. 53, no. 1, 2019, pp. 45-55. doi:10.10083972/wses07