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Yalta Conference Drafts Post-War Plan (Feb. 1945)

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Yalta Conference Drafts Post-War Plan (Feb. 1945)

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The Yalta Conference was meant to establish free elections and independence in all Eastern European countries. However, Stalin ignored this and kept full military control of Eastern Germany to maintain a separation between the USSR and Germany. This angered the United States because they strongly believed all of Germany should be maintained under a democratic government.

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To end the war between America and Japan, the United States deemed it the only way to use its strongest weapon. President Truman decided to drop two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and show them the power that the United States had. Directly after the bombings, Japan surrendered, and the war was over. The only thing was that now the world knew the weaponry America had, and they wanted it as well. The USSR started to show that they were also working on building atomic weapons, and that was the start of the 'Arms Race' between America and the USSR. This also made great distrust start to form between the two world powers.

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech (March 5, 1946)

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech (March 5, 1946)

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Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech is one of American history's most famous speeches. In this speech, he expressed how he believed that all Western democracies need to come together to take down communism and stop it in its tracks. He wanted to put an "Iron Curtain" between the Western countries and the USSR to help prevent it from spreading from there. This speech arguably helped encourage distrust between America and the USSR because he described communism as a great threat to democracy.

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech 

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Truman Doctrine first applied in Greek Civil War (March 12 1947)

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Truman Doctrine first applied in Greek Civil War (March 12 1947)

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President Truman discussed during this speech his ideals with the Truman Doctrine. This was a part of America's foreign policy explaining how America would use any means necessary to stop the spread of communism from the USSR. Truman sent economic and military help to any countries that were being taken over by communism. He claimed that letting other countries (Greece and Turkey) fall to communism would start the downfall of democracy, and the spread of communism would never end. He continued his actions and preached his beliefs throughout the entirety of the Cold War.

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Marshall Plan is Announced to Rebuild Europe (June 1947)

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Marshall Plan is Announced to Rebuild Europe (June 1947)

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The Marshall Plan was made to help rebuild Europe after the War. By sending billions of dollars to improve their economy, they hoped to show the European countries that a democratic government can be stable and provide economic benefits to the people under the government. As they continued to rebuild Europe, America stressed to make sure these countries would not fall to communism, as the United States believed that an impoverished country is a breeding ground for it. The U.S. wanted the rebuilding European countries to adopt a democratic government to prevent the spread of communism.

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Marshall Plan is Announced to Rebuild Europe 

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift Begins (June 1948)

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Berlin Blockade and Airlift Begins (June 1948)

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The Soviet Union wanted to keep Western Aid out of the East, including Berlin. Since the city had been split in half between the USSR and Western Powers, the Soviet Union created a blockade to prevent Eastern Berlin from receiving supplies. This led to the Berlin Airlifts when the Western Allies began airdropping things like food, clothes, fuel, and more. This angered the Soviet Union, and because of the continuous airlifts, they lifted the blockades in 1949.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created by the United States and several other Western Powers. The purpose of this organization was to provide a sense of security against the Soviet Union. This was the United States' first military alliance after the World Wars and connected North American countries with European countries on an intimate level.

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Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Kazakhstan

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Russia Tests its first Atomic Bomb (August 20, 1949)

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Russia Tests its first Atomic Bomb (August 20, 1949)

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The Soviet Union had its first successful Atomic Bomb testing in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan. While the original code name for the bomb was "First Lightning", the United States referred to it as Joe-1 (Joseph Stalin). After the test was conducted and found to be successful, the USSR was marked the second country to achieve nuclear weapons. This led to the beginning of the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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Mao Zedong won the Chinese Civil War and created the People's Republic of China (Oct. 1, 1949)

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Mao Zedong won the Chinese Civil War and created the People's Republic of China (Oct. 1, 1949)

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Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising, which is how he developed the Chinese Red Army. The Long March is how Mao gained his undisputed position as the leader of the Red Army. The Long March was over 6,000 miles from southeastern to northwestern China and was led by the Chinese Communists of the time. The Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang fought for power until 1937 when they held off on their dispute because of the Japanese invasion. After 1945, they resumed, and the CCP defeated the Kuomintang, and they retreated to Taiwan. This left Mao Zedong in control of the PRC

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and creates the People's Republic of China (Oct. 1, 1949)

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare takes hold in the US (Feb, 1950)

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McCarthyism and the Red Scare takes hold in the US (Feb, 1950)

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After Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech, Americans started feeling a great unease about the USSR and communism. People started to believe that the Soviet Union had been sending spies to steal classified information from the United States to use against them. Senator McCarthy made the public fear of Soviet spies even worse when he started coming out with multiple lists and naming hundreds of people, claiming they were all spies for the USSR and committing espionage. For years, he did this, ending thousands of lives and causing panic around America and in its government. However, his reign of fear came to an end when he started listing military officers who had fought in WW2 and claiming that they were Soviet spies. This snapped people out of their feared minds and made them realize how intense this had gotten, and only caused more distrust between America and the Soviet Union.

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After the war with Japan was over, America took the southern part of Korea while the Soviet Union took the North. The South was run by a democratic government while the North was run by a communist government (38th parallel). Because of the separation of the country, there were often small conflicts between the sides, and they did not agree with each other's governments. In June, North Korea started to invade the South, wanting to become one country again and have a government run by communism. America saw this as a threat because of communism spreading and trying to overthrow the democratic government they had set up in South Korea. War soon started between the two sides and ended with both sides back at the 38th parallel line and a stalemate between both armies. In July of 1953, peace was finally made to end the war. While America was calling the end of the war, Stalin still wanted to fight. However, Stalin died later that year before he could keep fighting in Korea. This war was the first violent conflict caused by the Cold War between the democratic and communist governments.

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H-Bomb Tested by USA on Bikini Atoll (Mar. 1, 1954)

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H-Bomb Tested by USA on Bikini Atoll (Mar. 1, 1954)

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The Hydrogen Bomb was made after World War II ended and after America had dropped two Atomic bombs on Japan. The H-Bomb is powerful, stronger than the Atomic Bombs. The creation of this bomb was controversial, but the United States pushed for it to be made before the Soviets did. The United States was able to build the bomb around the same time as the Soviets and tested it at the Marshall Islands, specifically Bikini Atoll.

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The KGB was made to keep security in the Soviet Union. It had many intelligence-gathering operations (spies) and also kept an eye on political figures within the Soviet Union. While it was a powerful and feared force during the time of the Cold War, it was a very secretive organization as well, with many of its archives being classified.

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CIA helps overthrow unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala (Mar 1954)

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CIA helps overthrow unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala (Mar 1954)

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To go along with the United States' unwavering stances on stopping the spread of Communism, the CIA had begun interfering in international affairs in countries like Iran and Guatemala. In Iran, the CIA helped overthrow Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh out of fear that he was leaning towards the Soviet Union. In Guatemala, the CIA backed a coup the overthrow President Jacobo Arbenz. He has imposed laws that threatened U.S. business interests (Fruit Company) and feared they would fall under Communist influence.

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After NATO was created in 1949, the Soviet Union felt directly threatened and expressed its hatred for the organization by ignoring it and forming the Warsaw Pact in 1955. This went against NATO because of the newly formed alliances with the USSR and Eastern Europe. Tensions worsened from the pact, and both America and the Soviet Union grew more and more aggressive towards each other.

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The Transfermium Wars were mainly between Soviet and American scientists about who had discovered and had the correct names for elements passed Fermium. These debates were later solved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. They gave a compromise with the names by choosing ones that had been given by the United States and the Soviet Union. Showing the contributions of both nations.

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Rebellion put down in Hungary (Nov. 1956)

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Rebellion put down in Hungary (Nov. 1956)

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The Hungarian Revolution was a huge anti-Soviet movement that wanted to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact, and have freedom with democracy. While the uprising initially started with college students, it turned into a nationwide movement, which led to the Soviets sending in troops and tanks to crush the revolution. With thousands of people killed, this set the standard for the Soviet Union using force to control Eastern Europe.

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The Soviet Union's launching of its first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, the R-7 Semyorka, was a huge milestone in the Cold War. It showed the world that the Soviet Union had the capability of launching nuclear weapons to faraway nations (including the U.S.), which intensified the Arms Race between the two countries.

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Sputnik Launched into Orbit (Oct. 4, 1957)

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Sputnik Launched into Orbit (Oct. 4, 1957)

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In 1957, the USSR launched the first-ever satellite into Earth's orbit. This was a terrifying fact for America because of the thought that the Soviets were ahead of them by having a successful launch, which they had still not accomplished. The satellite was based on V2 technology that both America and the USSR had been using to make their satellites, but the Soviet Union was already ahead of America because of the rocket projects they had with Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Because of this public showing of the USSR's creation of space technology, the Cold War took a turn into the 'Space Race', and each country worked to make its mark in space.

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Sputnik Launched into Orbit (Oct. 4, 1957)

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Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba (Jan, 1959)

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Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba (Jan, 1959)

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Fidel Castro was able to take power over Cuba after leading a successful revolution against the dictator, Fulgencio Batista. Castro established a Communist party in Cuba and allied with the Soviet Union. This brought fear to the United States as they viewed this as a threat because of how close Cuba was to the nation.

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U2 Spy Plane shot down over the USSR (May, 1960)

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U2 Spy Plane shot down over the USSR (May, 1960)

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With the Cold War as popular as ever, President Eisenhower's Administration claimed that there was a major missile gap between America and the USSR. To get more information about the Soviet missile arsenal, America sends spy planes continuously to get pictures of the USSR's missiles. The United States demanded that the Paris Conference with the Western European powers and the Soviet Union confront them about their weapons and disband them. During this time, however, Francis Gary Powers was spotted over Soviet land spying and getting secret images of the USSR's military weapons. He was shot down and taken prisoner. After this, the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, left the meeting after condemning the United States for their spying.

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Failed Bay of Pigs Invasion (April, 1961)

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Failed Bay of Pigs Invasion (April, 1961)

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After dictator Fidel Castro made an effort to overthrow the previous dictator Batista, Cubans welcomed him with open arms, seeing as he had 'saved' them from such a horrible and corrupt leader. This made America extremely anxious because while Batista was corrupt, he was fairly pro-American and supported their corporations. Many of the big sugar plantations were owned by wealthy businessmen in America seeing since Batista never restricted them. On the other hand, Castro was a communist and wanted American businesses to back up so Cubans could take control of their land. As a response, Eisenhower gathered a few thousand Cuban exiles and trained them to be able to overthrow Castro. Castro then started forming political relations with the USSR, and they agreed to have them buy Cuba's sugar cane since the United States made up nearly 80% of their market. President Kennedy inherited Eisenhower's plan when he took office to overthrow Castro, but he wanted to take an act of secrecy with the plan. He silently sent troops to Cuba to slowly start a rebellion against Castro, if they didn't get caught first. Kennedy set up plans to attack Cuba's Navy disguised as Cuban airplanes, but this failed because Castro knew the whole time about what he was planning. Another part of this plan was the Invasion of Pig Bay, which was an almost immediate failure for the Americans, though, because the agency radio had a leak that was broadcasting the whole plan to those listening around Cuba. Castro's troops took down the invasion at an extreme pace and killed over 100 while capturing almost 1,400 men. Cuba stayed a communist country, with Kennedy not wanting to continue fighting and having the possibility of causing another World War. With this, the Cold War continued to grow with more tension every day.

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Berlin Wall Memorial, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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Construction of Berlin Wall Begins (Aug. 17, 1961)

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Construction of Berlin Wall Begins (Aug. 17, 1961)

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Because of how much the Cold War was escalating, East and West Berlin were also at each other's throats. In August of 1961, the East German leader had ordered a barbed-wire fence to be put up at the separation line of East and West Berlin. He did this because he wanted to keep the Western "fascists" out of his side of the country. He was also tired of the endless flow of people leaving East Berlin and going to the West instead; it was embarrassing for the USSR and enraged them extremely. While the people of Berlin were horrified by the building of the wall, President Kennedy did what he could to support West Berlin, but did not take aggressive action towards the wall, as he thought that a wall was better than being in an active war.

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U2 Plane takes pictures of nuclear power plants being built in Cuba, and saw this as an extreme danger to the United States. After off-the-record talks between the Soviet Union and America, they cut a deal to leave Cuba alone as long as the Soviet Union takes nukes out of Cuba and America takes nukes out of Italy and Turkey.

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U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs, Washington, DC

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified (July 1963)

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified (July 1963)

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With nuclear power becoming more frequent, the amount of atomic testing did as well. The world powers around the world soon realized the toll that the testing was taking on the environment. Running numerous tests left almost every region in the world touched by some type of nuclear debris. This caused great concern about the future environmental and genetic effects that could appear from the nuclear side effects. The five biggest countries were the first to sign and ratify the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (USA, USSR, UK, Canada, and France). This was a time for these countries to come together and agree to end the man-made contamination that comes with nuclear power. This was the first time since the Cold War had started that the USSR and the United States had come to an agreement that didn't involve any sort of threat against each other.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Ratified (Oct, 1963)

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution (August 1964)

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution (August 1964)

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During August 1964, there were two reported incidents between American naval power and North Vietnamese forces. The American government claimed that the North Vietnamese had been firing torpedoes at U.S. destroyers. These claims are constantly questioned, though. There was no concrete evidence that the second event happened, and some suspect the U.S. was looking for an excuse to join the Vietnam War to stop communism. This led to President Johnson passing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which told the U.S. military to take all necessary measures to combat the North Vietnamese threat.

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution (August 1964)

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U.S. Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism (April 1965)

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U.S. Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism (April 1965)

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During the Civil War in the Dominican Republic, the United States sent marines to help fight the Communist-backed uprising. America only got involved to stop Communism from spreading so close to the United States and to protect American interests.

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U.S. Marines sent to Dominican Republic to fight Communism

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White House, Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC

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US Announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam (July 1965)

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US Announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam (July 1965)

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President Lyndon B. Johnson sent over 200,000 American troops to Vietnam to fight the North Vietnamese invasion. This showed an extreme escalation of the Vietnam War along with American involvement.

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North Vietnam Tours, Phố Tôn Đức Thắng, Hàng Bột, Đống Đa, Hanoi, Vietnam

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B-52s Bomb North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder (1966)

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B-52s Bomb North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder (1966)

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Operation "Rolling Thunder" was a U.S. bombing campaign against the North Vietnamese. The bombers destroyed military targets along with villages. These bombings were meant to make them back down from the Vietnam War, but the war kept going.

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B-52s Bomb N. Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder (1966)

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Red Army crush Czechoslovakian Revolt (Aug. 1968)

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Red Army crush Czechoslovakian Revolt (Aug. 1968)

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In Czechoslovakia, a revolution began called the Prague Spring. The meaning of this movement was to get more freedom within their communist government. The Soviet Union quickly shut the uprising down though, and Czechoslovakia was kept under strict Soviet rule.

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Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, Space Commerce Way, Merritt Island, Florida

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Apollo 11 lands on the Moon (July 20, 1969)

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Apollo 11 lands on the Moon (July 20, 1969)

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With the Space Race at its peak, America won in 1969 by meeting the goal that Kennedy set for them. After failed attempts to try and keep a shuttle in space long enough to make it to the moon, the United States Space Program was finally able to achieve it. The whole world watched Apollo 11 launch and start the journey to the Moon. Apollo 11 made it to the Moon, and Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were able to walk on the Moon and place an American flag down, claiming victory in the Space Race. This was a step closer to ending the Cold War, with the USSR feeling defeated.

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Apollo 11 lands on the Moon (July 20, 1969)

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New York Times Building, West 41st Street, New York, NY

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers (1971)

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers (1971)

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The paper from the Pentagon that were released depicted details about American involvement in the Vietnam War. They showed that government officials were misleading the American public about the wars progress. This caused extreme outrage within the American public and increased distrust in the American government.

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President Nixon visits China (Feb. 1972)

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President Nixon visits China (Feb. 1972)

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After almost 30 years of isolationism from the Chinese Republic, President Nixon decided to break that and start to form communication between the United States and China. Nixon went to China and made sure to discuss numerous issues that had been floating between China and the US. He did not want any miscommunication that could lead to a war between them, since the Cold War with the Soviet Union was still strong. Having an understanding and later an alliance with China would strongly benefit the United States and possibly make China more hesitant to declare war on them if the Cold War ever became an active war.

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President Nixon visits China (Feb. 1972)

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After learning about the extreme missiles that the Soviets were surrounding Moscow with in case of an American invasion, US officials were concerned that the USSR might be being a little excessive. When Nixon took presidential power, he and Brezhnev met in Finland to discuss limitations on nuclear power and the weapons they were each building. Both countries were concerned with the power the other had, this led to an agreement between Nixon and Brezhnev to sign SALT 1 to limit their nuclear weapons. This was the first time in the Cold War that the USSR and the US agreed to limit their power for the benefit of both sides.

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US supported coup overthrows Chilean Government (Sept. 1973)

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US supported coup overthrows Chilean Government (Sept. 1973)

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The United States supported a military coup that was trying to overthrow the Chilean President, Salvador Allende (a Marxist). A military dictatorship took control and was marked by human rights violations and abuse.

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests Soviet Aid (Oct. 1973)

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel; Egypt requests Soviet Aid (Oct. 1973)

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Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel to regain lost territory, beginning the Yom Kippur War. Egypt wanted the Sinai Peninsula, and Syria wanted the Golan Heights. The War only lasted three weeks, with Israel being able to push both Egypt and Syria back.

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S. Vietnam falls to Communism N. Vietnam (April 17, 1975)

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S. Vietnam falls to Communism N. Vietnam (April 17, 1975)

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In 1968, President Nixon was elected into office, and he created his doctrine, saying that America would send money and supplies to countries fighting communism, but not troops. After the doctrine was made, Nixon started the process of pulling troops from Vietnam, claiming they would do it with 'honor'. This failed horribly because pulling out troops was extremely difficult with North Vietnam imminently pushing into the South and taking over. Vietnam quickly fell to North Vietnam and was taken over by a communist government. This was a huge embarrassment for the United States, and other countries looked down on America for it. Americans didn't agree with fighting with force to stop communism anymore because of how badly Vietnam had gone, but the Cold War remained, and if anything, this was a victory for the Soviets.

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Soviet and Cuban forces help to install Communist government in Angola (Feb, 1976)

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Soviet and Cuban forces help to install Communist government in Angola (Feb, 1976)

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After gaining independence from Portugal, Angola fell into a Civil War between rival factions. The Soviet Union and Cuba showed support for the Marxist-Leninist Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola. They sent aid and troops to the MPLA, which led to them being able to take control of Angola's capital, Luanda, and establish a Communist Government.

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White House, Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC

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U.S. and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade & Panda Diplomacy (Jan, 1979)

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U.S. and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade & Panda Diplomacy (Jan, 1979)

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With President Nixon's visit to China, Chinese and American relations were now open, which led to increased trade and cooperation. China also gave America two giant pandas, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing, as a symbol of goodwill.

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These wars started when China invaded Vietnam in 1979, which was sparked by Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia. During this invasion, Vietnam took down a Chinese ally, the Khmer Rouge Regime. China wanted to punish Vietnam for its actions; they fought the Vietnamese forces for a couple of months and then withdrew. They claimed they had "taught the Vietnamese a lesson," even though Vietnam still maintained control of Cambodia.

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Shah of Iran overthrown; Iran Hostage Crisis Begins (Nov 1979)

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Shah of Iran overthrown; Iran Hostage Crisis Begins (Nov 1979)

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The Shah of Iran was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution, which led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic under the control of Ayatollah Khomeini. They closed all ties to the United States and stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took 52 American hostages. They were held for over a year and caused extreme damage to the relationship between America and Iran.

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Soviet forces invade Afghanistan (Dec 1979)

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Soviet forces invade Afghanistan (Dec 1979)

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Because of the growing resistance to Communism and the anti-communist group named "Mujahideen," Soviet forces decided to invade Afghanistan. The invasion led to a drawn-out and costly war, with the United States and other Western countries supporting the Mujahideen.

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U.S. Hockey defeats USSR at winter Olympics (Feb 22, 1980)

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U.S. Hockey defeats USSR at winter Olympics (Feb 22, 1980)

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This game was known as a major upset and a huge surprise victory for the American hockey team. It became known as the "Miracle on Ice" and was a proud moment for the United States, but also controversial because of the ongoing Cold War.

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U.S. Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow (June-Aug 1980)

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U.S. Boycotts Summer Olympics in Moscow (June-Aug 1980)

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The United States boycotted the Summer Olympics that were held in Moscow, Russia, to protest the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. About 60 or more countries also joined this boycott, which made it one of the largest boycotts in the history of the Olympics.

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Reagan Proposes SDI or "Star Wars" (1983)

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Reagan Proposes SDI or "Star Wars" (1983)

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President Ronald Reagan proposed the Strategic Defence Initiative, which was a plan to develop space-based weapons to protect the U.S. from nuclear missile attacks from the Soviets.

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U.S. Troops invade and overthrow regime in Grenada (Oct 1983)

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U.S. Troops invade and overthrow regime in Grenada (Oct 1983)

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U.S. troops were sent to Grenada to overthrow its government because a communist group had taken control. America was concerned about U.S. citizens' safety and the influence of Soviet and Cuban forces.

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Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics (July-Aug 1984)

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Eastern Bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics (July-Aug 1984)

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What happened on May 8!

In 1984, the USSR announced a boycott of the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, citing security concerns and alleged anti-Soviet sentiment. This move was widely seen as a response to the US-led boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics. 

Fourteen other Eastern https://t.co/b6bCpMTH3O

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What happened on May 8!

In 1984, the USSR announced a boycott of the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, citing security concerns and alleged anti-Soviet sentiment. This move was widely seen as a response to the US-led boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics. 

Fourteen other Eastern https://t.co/b6bCpMTH3O

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Gorbachev began "Glasnost" and "Perestroika" in efforts to reform the USSR (1985)

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Gorbachev began "Glasnost" and "Perestroika" in efforts to reform the USSR (1985)

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Gorbachev began these programs to try and fix the issues in the Soviet Union. Glasnost allowed for more free speech and Perestroika aimed to improve the Soviet economy.

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Soviet Troops withdraw from Afghanistan (Jan 1989)

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Soviet Troops withdraw from Afghanistan (Jan 1989)

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Afghanistan was invaded by the Soviet Union ten years before their withdrawal, and was immediately sent into a long, bloody, and costly war, and made no real progress. Afghanistan was strongly against having a Communist government since its people are very conservative and religious, and Communism stands against religion.

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania oust Communist governments (1989)

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania oust Communist governments (1989)

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With many anti-communist revolutions across Eastern Europe, countries like Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania were able to branch off from the communist governments they were under and become democratic.

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The Tiananmen Square Massacre was a peaceful protest that ended violently. What started with Chinese students protesting for reforms and democracy turned into the deaths and injuries of many people.

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Berlin Wall Memorial, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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After years of separation between the two sides of Berlin, East Germany finally agreed to open the border between East and Western Berlin back up. People from both sides of the wall immediately flooded into the border and started running through both sides in celebration. While everyone was able to experience their missed freedom, hundreds of people took sledgehammers and drills to the walls and started to tear them down themselves. This is seen by most as the start of the end of the Cold War.

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia (May 1990)

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia (May 1990)

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Boris Yeltsin was the first directly elected president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. This marked a significant shift away from the Communist Party and moved more towards the democratic party.

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East and West Germany were finally reunited into one country after the Second World War. The Berlin Wall had now fallen, and the people were able to officially become a nation again.

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USSR Dissolved: 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia (Aug 1991)

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USSR Dissolved: 15 Republics gain independence, including Russia (Aug 1991)

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Political unrest was stirring in the Soviet Union, and slowly, different states declared their separation from the USSR and became their own countries. After several years with more and more states leaving, Mikhail Gorbachev stepped down from leading the USSR, leaving a new and independent Russia for Boris Yeltsin to lead. This officially ended the Cold War and the Soviet Union.

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The relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union was full of mistrust, hostility, and a deep rivalry. The unwavering competition in technology caused this, the prevention of communism/capitalism spreading, and the mistrust that was shown to each other's citizens