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Robotics has its origins thousands of years ago. At first, robots were known by the name of Automaton. An automaton is defined as a machine that imitates the figure and movements of an animated being

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Machines that have been created over the time

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Machines that have been created over the time

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Currently we can see that robotics is implemented not only in science and engineering, but also in a wide area of research and development of various applications.

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First geration (1G):manipulators.
They have multifunctional mechanical systems, have a relatively simple control system, don´t have feedback from sensors and perform previously programmed task(1950s0

Second generation (2G): learning robots
They have control systems, through sensors they acquire information from their environment, analyze data, repeat a sequence of movements previously executed by a human, memorize and replicate said movements (1980s)

Third generation (3G) robots with sensitized control.
Robots with controllers (CPU), use data  and information obtained from their sensors, execute orders given from a programming lenguage (80s and 90s)

Fourth generation (4G): intelligent robots.
They have more sophisticated sensors, complex control strategies, adapt and learn from their environment using neutral networks; obtain and analyze data that allows them to make intelligent decisions and control the process in real time.

Fifth generation (5G).
This stage depends on the new generation of young people intrested in robotics it is expected that they include developing technologies such as nanotechnology.

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Man has created machines that imitated the parts of the human body, the first machines that helped facilitate human tasks are known as simple machines

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technology: Set of knowledge and techniques and allows humans to modify their environment

science and technology are linked, its impossible to advance science without technology

robotics: studies the design, programming and application

robot: a machine controlled by a computer

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reprogrammable: allows changing function
manipulator: allows moving objects
multifunctional: perform various tasks
repetitive: to carry actions many times
exact: perform actions with the same precision
hardware: physical structure
software: instructions in control to carry tasks
sensors: detect changes in the environment
movement: movement through various actuators
power source: to turn in into the work when making movements

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a robot cannot harm a human being , nor by inaction allow a human being to suffer harm

a robot must carry out the orders of human beings

a robot must protect its own existence

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Polyarticulated:
They are robots that have rotary joints called degrees of freedom, actuated by diferent means such as motors or pneumatic systmes, carry out limited movements and move in a workspace according to a coordinate system.

Mobiles:
Based on a rolling-type locomotive systems, they have the ability to move through remote control, guided by tracks materialized with circuits embedded in the ground, through photoelectrically detected bands and/or by the information received in their sensors. They can avoid obstacles and have a high level of intelligence.

Androids:
They are robots thath try to reproduce human form and behavior autonomously, one of the most studied aspects is focused on bipedal locomotion. Their challenge is to dinamically control processes and mantain balance at the same time.

Cyborg:
It is the union between cybernetics and living organisms. They are beings formed by living matter and electronic devices; it is a term that is used to refer a human beings (man-machine) with the intention of improving their capabilities or making up for any deficiencies.

Zoomorphic:
Robots thaht imitate varoius living beings, can be walkers or non-walkers. They are used for research and experimentation for the development of piloted and autonomous vehicles, they are very  useful in difficult terrain such as volcanoes or space exploration.

Hybrid:
They are cybernetic organisms controlled by computer, it is said that it is a semi-living being, since it contains biological elements (rodent neutrons) and electronic. The robot manifests neutral activity with physical movement and is equipped with light sensors.

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A compound machine is the conbination of several simple machines, for example: axles, gears, motors, and so on.

In 1780 when Watt manages to create a steam engine for industrial use, which gives rise to the First Industrial Revolution.
The Second industrial Revolution was made possible by new sources of energy in 1887.
The Third Industrial Revolution the conjuction of renewable energies and the internet led to this scientific-thechnological transformation.
Later  the Fourth Industrial Revolution by new systems that combine physical machinery with digital processes

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An industrial robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator capable of moving materials, parts, tools or special devices, according to programmed variables paths to perfom various tasks. Industrial robots automate processes that are reflected in higher production at lower cost and with greater effiency (speed and quality).

Robots are used in industry for manufacturing, assembly and packaging, transportation, operations on Earth and outer space. In the manufacturing area there are many tasks that can be performed by a robot, among the activities that stand out are the transport of material, the loading and unloading of products or materials, the manufacturing operations and assembly and inspection.

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A robot that operates semi or fully autonomously to perform services useful for the well-being of humans and equipment, excluding manufacturing opertations.
Generally mobile robots, controlled by computer and with an integrated manual override system. They are used to replace:

 The man in housework.

Customer service.

Automation of bars and restaurants.

Repetitive functions in scientific research.

Logistics and cargo transport.

Areas of difficult acces for inspection.

Maintence and cleaning.

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They are robots that provide fast and acccurate results in terms of modern automation process when time is a crucial factor in research.
Applications:

Cell culture.

Cell placement in flow methods.

Sample handing and filling of culture flask.

Testing of potential cures for disease.

Aseptic drug filling.

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These are robotic arms  that assist the surgeon in surgical procedures. Two things can be highlighted about medical robotics, telesurgery (remote control) and minimally invasive surgery, as advantages we can highligtht the precision and miniaturization.
Examples:

Cardiac.

Gastrointestinal.

Pediatric surgery.

Neurosurgery.

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They are robots dedicated to inspection, exploration and rescue in  environments that man cannot reach or to which he does not have easy access, whether they are terrestrial.

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The future of robotics points to a total change in the way we study, work and interact, it is said that we will study careers that do not yet exist, and we will have jobs that have not yet been created.
In the future there will be robots with their own artificial intelligence that, without the need for direct human instructions, will be in charge of certain tasks such as assisting people with disabilities, there will also be nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, drones, 3D printing, etc.
As Thomas Frey, founder of the Da Vinci Institute, expresses on his website, a statement of intent in the field of robotics is as follows.

We belive the future will be brigth, fun and exciting.

Sure, we will have to overcome challenges and setbacks, but every problem creates an opportunity.

With the rigth education, the benefits of future technology far outweigh the risks.

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Year: 1739
Name of the machine: Jacques Vaucanson
Function: Imitated a process of digestion

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Year: 1801
Creator: J. Jaquard
Function: Programmable warp machine

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Year: 1954
Creator: Geroge Devol
Function: First programmable robot

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Year: 1956
Creator: GM
Function: First Industrial robot moves objects from one side to another

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Year: 1966
Creator: Lab. Of IA MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum
Function: First artificial intelligence program

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Year: 1972
Creator: Victor Scheinman
Function: Industrial Robot Arm

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Year: 1977
Creator: NASA / JPL
Function: Robotic space proble, locates and studies the limits of the solar system, continues to operate today

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Year: 1989
Creator: First robot of the ¡Robot company
Function: First walking robot, it tracks people in difficult terrain

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Year: 1999
Creator: Sony
Function: Robotic pet dog

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Year: 2000
Creator: Honda
Function: Humanoid Robot

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Honda unveils all-new ASIMO humanoid robot

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Year: 2008
Creator: Aldebaran Robotics
Function: Standard platform for footballer roboCup, and for educational and research purposes

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The history of industrial automation is characterized by constant technological innovations