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War of Independence was fought by former Colonists against the British and established a new form of government.

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The Declaration of Independence: established on July 4, 1776

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The Declaration of Independence: established on July 4, 1776

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The Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to create a new contract for the nation. It was called The Declaration of Independence which established that each state is to replace existing charters with a new government.

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July 4th 1776 - Reading of the Declaration of Independence

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In 1777, the Articles of Confederation's served the purpose to exaggerate the power of the government. The Colonists created a central government that was more focused on the state rather than it being more nation-centered.

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The purpose of national state governments were meant to be equal and represent and symbolize distinct leaders of authority.

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The congress was controlled by federalist and they passed the alien and sedition acts. This was to silence Jeffersonian Democratic- Republican accusers of a war that did not exist against France.

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This court case was between Gibbons and Ogden regarding the work on the water ways about who had the right to work there. Ogden had one side of the river which was in New York, and Gibbons had the other side of the river which was in New Jersey. The court ruled in Gibbons favor since the federal government granted him his license.

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During this time period, there had been an increase of nation government in areas that had been per view with states, some events like the makings of the 14th and 15th amendment, have pushed federal authority to have the power to control businesses and economy.

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Interstate Commerce Commission Act (1887)

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Interstate Commerce Commission Act (1887)

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This act brought strength to Congress' role in the regulation of commerce throughout the states. It enabled the making of the railroads for the first industry subject to federal regulation. The act also created a five member enforcement board known as the interstate commission.

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Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

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Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

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in public schools, segregation based on race was an issue and was in violation of the 14th amendment. It was considered unconstitutional which was brought to the attention of the US Supreme Court. This led to a unanimous ruling in a case based on civil rights.

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this period highlighted a strong cooperation and collaboration between the many levels of government. However, there were many social economic issues within the nation. The federal government was known to be the "servant of the states" since they funded many activities. The federal grant system expanded and ultimately changed the power dynamic between federal and state governments

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"If grants-in-aid are the power that drive the federal engine then the income tax is the fuel that powers it.
It was a solution to solve unequal distribution and it established the development and expansion of the grant-aid-system.

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Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (1959)

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Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (1959)

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the ACIR was made by congress to overlook intergovernmental relations and operations of American federalism which is then reported back to congress.

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President Lyndon Johnson's Creative Federalism was seen as a major move on from the past history of the nation. During this period, the power of governmental levels toward the national government had shifted due to the expansion of grant-in-aid system and the increasing use of regulations.

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The case had forced the Tennessee legislature to reapportion itself on the basis of population.The legislature of Tennessee had violated the constitutionally guaranteed right of equal protection. Chief Justice Earl Warren described this decision as the most important case decided after his appointment to the court in 1953.

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Baker v. Carr Case Brief Summary | Law Case Explained

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The Great Society was centered around the expansion of the national government and its role for a desirable outcome.

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this period has been known for the shifts of the intergovernmental system and its growth of unfunded federal mandates. As well as the continued disputes over the nature of the federal system as a whole.

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Pres. Ronald Reagan’s New Federalism (1970s)

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Pres. Ronald Reagan’s New Federalism (1970s)

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The Ronald Reagan Administration constructed the debate on the fit roles of federal, state, and local government. Reagan, rather than try to more rationally manage federal aid as was the case. It was sought to fundamentally rebuild the system of governments.

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Pres. Bill Clinton’s - Reinventing Government Initiative (1992-1995) 

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Pres. Bill Clinton’s - Reinventing Government Initiative (1992-1995) 

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The Bill Clinton Administration's Reinventing Government Initiative and the House Republicans' Contract with America for the purpose of rearranging power within the federal system and to decrease power of the lower part of the government.