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What is it? A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.

Causes- Epilepsy may occur as a result of a genetic disorder or an acquired brain injury, such as a trauma or stroke.

Symptoms- During a seizure, a person experiences abnormal behavior, symptoms, and sensations, sometimes including loss of consciousness. There are few symptoms between seizures.

Age- Can occur at any age

Treatment- Epilepsy is usually treated by medications and in some cases by surgery, devices, or dietary changes.

Prognosis- Can die from seizures, but seizures can be controlled through medication.

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What is it? A learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading.

Causes- The causes of dyslexia vary with the type. In primary dyslexia, much research focuses on the hereditary factors.

Symptoms- Symptoms include late talking, learning new words slowly, and a delay in learning to read.

Age- Around age 5 - 6 because that's when kids learn to read

Treatment- Most children with dyslexia can succeed in school with tutoring, a specialized education program, or therapy

Prognosis- Dyslexia doesn't affect daily life but does cause learning difficulties

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What is it? A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.

Causes- The exact cause of bipolar disorder isn’t known, but a combination of genetics, environment, and altered brain structure and chemistry may play a role.

Symptoms- Manic episodes may include symptoms such as high energy, reduced need for sleep, and loss of touch with reality. Depressive episodes may include symptoms such as low energy, low motivation, and loss of interest in daily activities. Mood episodes last days to months at a time and may also be associated with suicidal thoughts.

Age- Average age is 25 years old

Treatment- Treatment is usually lifelong and often involves a combination of medications and psychotherapy.

Prognosis- Usually live a normal life

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What is it? Tourettes is a nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds.

Causes- The exact cause of Tourettes isn't known. It's likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms- People with tourettes have "tics" ranging from involuntary bodily movements to involuntary sounds

Age- Between 10 and 12

Treatment- Self care, therapy, and medication

Prognosis- Individuals with Tourette syndrome have a normal life expectancy. Although it may impair learning

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What is it? A progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord.

Causes- Genetic disorder

Symptoms- The main symptom is muscle weakness. Speech becomes impaired

Age- between 40 and 70

Treatment- Medication and therapy can slow ALS and reduce discomfort, but there's no cure.

Prognosis- Although the life expectancy of a person with ALS averages about two to five years from the time of diagnosis, this disease is variable, and many people can live with the disease for five years and more.