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1. How did the Rugby Union aid in the international fight against apartheid and what pressures from the assisted in the boycott of the apartheid state?
2. How did the sport help to unify the peoples of South Africa and the rest of the continent?
3. What were some of the organisations involved in the Anti-Apartheid Movement?

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EQ1:                    New Zealand All Blacks

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EQ1:                    New Zealand All Blacks

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This team did not comply with the boycott of the apartheid state. As a result they came under fire for continuing to compete against and tour in South Arica.

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After the appearance of the All Blacks in South Africa (1976), there was a demand for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to ban New Zealand. For refusing this, several African countries decided to join the boycott.

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South Africa was not invited to the 1987 or 1991 Rugby World Cups in response to the system of Apartheid.

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The USSR heavily opposed Apartheid and used sports to make their stance clear by refusing to compete against or visit South Africa.

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Spectators stormed the field of a 1981 game during South Africa's last major tour, before the end of apartheid, in protest of the state's racist policies and the All Blacks continued support of South Africa.

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The Commonwealth agreed in 1977 to discourage any sporting events involving South Africa. Those who did not follow through faced backlash from the rest of the group, such as New Zealand in 1981.

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Apartheid had ended by now, and Nelson Mandela had been elected president. He had endorsed the Springbok team to unite the peoples of South Africa. After their terrific run of winning it all, Mandela came in to present the trophy. This had been a very important moment of unity, as the crowd had cheered "Nelson! Nelson!", creating a moment of reconciliation among the races.

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EQ3:                 The Anti-Apartheid Movement

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EQ3:                 The Anti-Apartheid Movement

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The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), initially known as the Boycott Movement was a British Organisation which was a t the center of many protests against apartheid. Their campaigns included the academic Boycott Campaign and the Economic Sanctions Campaign.

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Halt All Racist Tours (HART) was created in new Zealand to protest tours to South Africa, and their appearances in other places.

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EQ3:                          The World Rugby Union

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EQ3:                          The World Rugby Union

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The governing body for the sport of rugby. This group, based in Dublin, Ireland, organizes international events like the Rugby World Cup, World Rugby Seven Series, and the World Under 20 Championship. During apartheid, the union placed sanctions on South Africa in order to strengthen the boycott.