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In the year 476, the western Roman empire fell to the Germanic people. Romulus Augustulus was killed by the Germanic prince Odovacar. After over 500 years the western prospered but fell to the Germanic people.

The end of the Holy Roman Empire effected all of Europe. Rome previously had control of most and acted as police to keep order. However now that the empire was gone, Europe was uncontrolled leading to what is known as the Dark Ages.

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Son of Pepin, King of the Franks, Charlemagne was the son of the king. Once his father died the role would pass to him or his brother. However, his brother died making Charlemagne the King of the Franks.

As king of the Franks, Charlemagne inherited lots of power and through political influence would one day be crowned the Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope. This significantly impacted all of Europe because through his political influence Charlemagne was able to encourage the renaissance.

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Charlemagne is Crowned Holy Roman Emperor 800 A.D.

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Charlemagne is Crowned Holy Roman Emperor 800 A.D.

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On Christmas day in the year, 800 Charlemagne reached the height of his power being crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope. The emperor lived another 14 years before dying.

As emperor Charlemagne gained much political power because he was the only emperor west of Byzantine. With that power, he was able to encourage the advancement and Carolingian Renaissance in an attempt to revive Europe.

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The government, as well as society, were based around the feudal system in the middle ages. Individual communities were formed around a lord and a manor. The lord owned all the land but he would offer the peasants protection in return for their service. The individual lords' would serve the king and provide him with soldiers and taxes.

The feudal system significantly impacted the people during the dark ages. The system created a hierarchy nearly impossible to overcome. People were born peasants lords or kings and would remain that way. The benefits to the system were the fact that it gave some order. Each lord would control his land and deal with justice matters on it as well as punishments for crimes.

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Vikings Begin Attacking Europe -- 1066 A.D

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Vikings Begin Attacking Europe -- 1066 A.D

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In 1066 the king Hardrada of Norway invaded England from the north. They began invading so England rallied an army to fight back. After both sides lost more than 5000 soldiers the English defeated the Vikings and their King Hardrada was killed in battle.

This invasion marked the beginning of a long-lasting conflict between the English and the Norwegians. Just a few days after the English victory, more Viking troops arrived to invade. This conflict led to many battles and deaths from both sides.

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Beginning in 1095 the Crusaders began their battle to take back Jerusalem, "the holy land" from the Turks. The first crusade is considered to be the most successful crusade because they were able to fight off the Turks and gain control Jerusalem

The first crusade significantly impacted history because it ignited new conflicts between the Crusaders of Europe and the Turks. This conflict would lead to many wars and battles between the two and lead to new crusades.

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The second crusade began in 1147. The second crusade began because the Turks had conquered the city of Edessa and either killed or enslaved everyone in the city. The second crusade was initiated to retake the city of Edessa however they failed and did not successfully retake the city.

This event further increased tension between the Crusaders and the Turks which increased the chances of an additional conflict between them. The loss was big to the crusaders because they had failed their mission to retake the city.

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The sultan of Egypt named Saladin recaptured Jerusalem sparking the need for a third crusade. The third crusade was launched by the emperor of Germany, King Philip Augustus, and King Richard. These leaders led the crusade against the sultan for several years in an attempt to retake Jerusalem. However, although the leaders came together it was still not a great enough force to retake the city from the Egyptians. Although they failed, the city granted the right for people to visit.

The third crusade was most significant to the Muslim inhabitants controlling the city. The leader Saladin was known to be the first to get the Muslims to unite against the Crusaders. The capturing of Jerusalem was significantly important both religiously and politically to the United Muslims. Once the third crusade began the Saladin and his army were pushed back but able to defeat the crusade and maintain control of the holy city giving them an important victory against the Crusaders.

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The fourth crusade began in 1202. The crusade was started by Pope Innocent III. It was formed in another attempt at retaking their holy land that was controlled by the Muslims. The crusade was unsuccessful because the Crusaders became sidetracked and ended up conquering the city of Constantinople instead of Jerusalem.

Although the fourth crusade failed its initial mission they were able to succeed in their attack on Constantinople. At the time the city was controlled by the Byzantine Empire. The conquering of Constantinople split the Byzantine empire into many territories controlled by the crusaders and some small territories controlled by previous leaders of the Byzantine empire. This significant event of conquering Constantinople led to the inevitable collapse of the Byzantine empire.

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The Magna Carta was signed on June 15, 1215. The signing occurred at Runnymede a neutral site between King John and the barons. The Barons demanded that the king would sign the Magna Carta guaranteeing them rights. This ensured that King John would uphold his duty as king of England and all of the laws with a fair government. In exchange, the barons would surrender their control over the city of London.

The Magna Carta is considered one of the most influential documents in history. It is believed that the Magna Carta is the first signed document to state that everyone, no matter social status is not above the law and guarantees people to certain rights and justice. The Magna Carta influenced many other political documents including the Constitution.

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The Renaissance is known as the revival of art and literature in the middle ages. The Renaissance led to many new creations and works of art that are well known to this day. Many influential people came to be known during this period.

The Renaissance led to many innovations and new technologies in science. The era changes modern art and led to many of the most well-known art creations that we still appreciate today. The Renaissance also gave way to a new era in development.

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Lasting from 1337 to 1453, the 100 year war was one of the longest wars in history. Although it is called the hundred-year war England and France were not constantly fighting. The war consisted of battles but then longer periods of peace in between. After over one hundred years of fighting the French were able to push the English out of France successfully ending the war.

The war changed France forever. The invasion of France by the English and the hundred years of warfare to follow left France torn in disease and the destruction of their farms led to famine. Although the war destroyed much of France it united it as one. Previous to the war, France had been a collection of feudal lands but they united to form the nation-state. This gave the French what they needed to defeat the English.

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Black Plague Begins & Ends -- 1347-1350 A.D.

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Black Plague Begins & Ends -- 1347-1350 A.D.

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The black plague began in 1347 lasted around three years. The plague is believed to have begun in Asia and then traveled west on the Silk Road. The plague was carried by fleas living on the rats. The sickness had no cure and was extremely contagious and there was no cure for the disease. In just 3 years the disease was able to kill over one-third of all Europeans.

The Black Plague is known to have its massive death tole wherever it was. The plague became so bad in parts of Europe it completely stopped the 100-year war between the English and the French. The plagues effects began to destabilize political control in parts of Europe and are considered to be the turning point to the end of the dark ages.

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The Great Schism was a split within the Catholic Church. The schism came to be when two men and as of 1410, three men at the same time claimed to be the one true pope. This caused lots of conflicts because there is only supposed to one pope. The schism eventually was resolved in 1417 by a council.

The Great schism majorly impacted the people at the time because of the church's influence. During the dark ages, the church had a significant amount of political power. With three people claiming to be pope there was conflict because different people had different viewpoints on who the true pope was. Finally, the schism was resolved by a small council ending the conflict.

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The Spanish Inquisition was formed by many institutions wishing the Spanish government of the Catholic church with the goal of combating heresy. The inquisition attempted to unite Spain into a Catholic state. In an attempt to do so they began driving out people with other religious beliefs.

The significance of the Spanish inquisitions was because it started conflicted with the beliefs of any non-catholic people. The entire goal of the inquisitions was to clens Spain of all other than Catholic and it was supported by the pope.