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The hypothesis was to see if the reason why guards acted harsh towards prisoners were due to the prison enviroment or due to their own psychological problems.

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Zimbardo, the person leading this experiment, got 70 volunteers from Stanford university to apply for the experiment.Then from those 70 they chose 24 that had no criminal records or any mental disorders to participate. They were paid 15$ a day and were randomly assigned the role of a guard or a prisoner. There was no experimental or control group for this study.

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The experiment was meant to last 14 days, but due to immoral actions by the guards and signs of anxiety shown from the prisoners, the study had to be cut short to 6 days. They found out that because the power and higher position that the guards got, they acted in ways that they normally would never do. As a result of the prisoners not being able to have controll over any of the situations, they became very anxious and even became depressed.

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If Zimbardo and the other people leading this experiment would have followed the ethical guidelines, many of these awfull actions taken by guards could have been avoided. According to the codes they would have not have been able to do any mental or physical harm to any of the participants. They were also apparently given concent to being arrested at home.

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One of the biggest critisisms given was that there was no experimental or control group.
Another criticism was that they clearly broke the rules of the American Psychological Assosiation by giving the prisoners physical and mental harm.

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http://www.prisonexp.org/home/

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https://www.simplypsychology.org/zimbardo.html