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Treating blacks like animals used to be very common, because they didn't see them as human- they saw them as their property, like cattle. In the picture depicted in Article 2, The slave is being whipped and dragged along like an animal. However, in Sarah Grimke's testimony, you can see a major difference in her view on blacks as people instead of animals to be used and tread on. The gap between the two very different views in these articles shows the change in time in relation to the view on blacks and their place in society.

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Garrison thought that no Union or Country should have slaves. He referenced other cultures like Rome and Babylon to make the case that every man should be free for the sake of human rights and for the good of the nation.

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William Loyd Garrison "The American Union" (January 10, 1845)

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William Loyd Garrison "The American Union" (January 10, 1845)

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Man is superior to all political compacts, all governmental arrangements, all religious institutions. As means to an end, these may sometimes be useful, though never indispensable; but that end must always be the freedom and happiness of man, INDIVIDUAL MAN.

Henceforth, the watchword of every uncompromising abolitionist, of every friend of God and liberty, must be, both in a religious and political sense—“NO UNION WITH SLAVEHOLDERS!””

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She left her native state of South Carolina, because she couldn't deal with the hypocrisy of slavery and life in the South anymore. Mothers would raise their children to be followers of God and stand-up citizens, while out back the slaves were being whipped, tortured, and treated like rabid animals.

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Sarah Grimke, Testimony on Slavery, 1839

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Sarah Grimke, Testimony on Slavery, 1839

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A handsome mulatto woman, about 18 or 20 years of age, whose independent spirit could not brook the degradation of slavery, was in the habit of running away: for this offence, she had been repeatedly sent resort, she was whipped at several different times, and kept a close prisoner. A heavy iron collar, with three prongs projecting from it, was placed round her neck, and a strong and sound front tooth was extracted, to serve as a mark to describe her, in case of escape.... These outrages were committed in a family where the mistress daily read the scriptures, and assembled her children for family worship....

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Henry Clay believed that slavery was a violation of human rights, but he thought it should be up to the states to decide whether or not slavery was prohibited in that certain state.

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The question of emancipation, immediate or prospective, as a public measure, appertains, in my opinion, exclusively to the several States, each judging and asking for itself, in which slavery exists.... Slavery is undoubtedly a manifest violation of the rights of man. It can only be justified in America, if at all, by necessity.

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The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 was the first major law to make free blacks unsafe in states that slavery was prohibited. This law lead to and most likely influenced the Missouri Compromise of 1820, where fugitives were also unsafe in states that prohibited slavery. With both of these laws in place, blacks could never feel truly safe, even if they lived or were in non-slave states.

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According to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, slavery and involuntary servitude was prohibited in the territory north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude. If a fugitive escaped to the territory above that line, the fugitive could be caught and brought back to their owners, so even if the slave escaped to a free state, they were never safe.

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SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty- six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.

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The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 gave room for free blacks to be captured and wrongfully enslaved. It was very hard to prove the kidnapping, and also very hard to free even a free black. This law made states very unsafe for blacks when they should have been safe.

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SEC. 3. And be it also enacted, That when a person held to labor in any of the United States, or in either of the Territories on the Northwest or South of the river Ohio, under the laws thereof, shall escape into any other part of the said States or Territory, the person to whom such labor or service may be due, his agent or attorney, is hereby empowered to seize or arrest such fugitive from labor, and to take him or her before any Judge of the Circuit or District Courts of the United States...

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Depicted in the picture above is a free black man being captured and sold into slavery. The white men on horses are treating the black man as if he is an animal with ropes around him and whips at his back- just like a cow being taken to the slaughter house. During this time, this treatment of both free and enslaved blacks was very common, and almost to be expected. There is no respect or common courtesy to even treat them as fellow humans.

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"Kidnapping A Free Negro To Be Sold Into Slavery"

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"Kidnapping A Free Negro To Be Sold Into Slavery"