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https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/files/hds-rlp/files/minority_religion_christianity.pdf

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Religious Fundamentalism
-Many religions have gone through seeking to unite religion with the state. 
For example- Islam's reaction to western forms of modernisation- as a result they re-asserted traditional religious truths in the Qu'ran. 

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Religious Fundamentalism
-Many religions have gone through seeking to unite religion with the state. 
For example- Islam's reaction to western forms of modernisation- as a result they re-asserted traditional religious truths in the Qu'ran. 

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- Influenced Durkheim
- One of sociologists concerned with implications of modern society for religion
- Saw supernatural aspects of religious belief to be incompatible with modern scientific scientific knowledge and rationality
- Modern world still needs system of beliefs that would function as a religion
- New form of religion based on science
- Religion of humanity - Secular religion organised around public veneration of humanity

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- In defining religion
- Religion forms a sacred canopy
- Overarching framework of meaning
- Life has a purpose and people conform to this canopy
- Religion gives our lives purpose

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New religious movements developed considerably in the 1960s- this was the growth of cults and sects. Took a new approach on religion- more forceful (sects).
-This consisted of world rejecting (Moonies), world accommodating and world affirming religions (Scientology).
-more individualistic, allows more of a collective attitude-moving away from the institution of the church.

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- Significance of spirituality
- There is a drive in western culture to individual autonomy, self expression and self actualisation
- Seen in popularity of psychological therapies and 'New Age' self religionists

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- Response to Davie (2002)
- Abandoning church attendance but still maintaining religious identity is the first stage of decline
- Religious individualism becomes the intermediate stage
- As time goes on beliefs are slowly becoming detached from everyday life
- More children being born into non religious families = Less religious socialisation
- Decline in religion does not only apply institutionally but also the general idea in the sacred as well

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1.  Sociology of Christianity. International Bibliography by Hervé Carrier, Émile Pin . https://www.jstor.org/stable/1384223?sid=primo&origin=crossref&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
2.

The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion( part VII The Future of religion) . https://www-dawsonera-com.ezproxy01.rhul.ac.uk/abstract/9781444320794

- The absence of religion leads to anomy and individualism.
- There is no future where religion doesn't exist. Religion and society growth are connected.

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New Age Movements:
Introduction of a new form of beliefs- takes away from traditional religious practises. They believe in liberating the self from effect of the outside world. 
-3 million involved worldwide. 
-Aim to liberate participants from their socialised personalities- form of expressionism (but are more radical). 
-Shows how religion is changing- more a focus on self-realisation and self expression. 

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New Age Movements:
Introduction of a new form of beliefs- takes away from traditional religious practises. They believe in liberating the self from effect of the outside world. 
-3 million involved worldwide. 
-Aim to liberate participants from their socialised personalities- form of expressionism (but are more radical). 
-Shows how religion is changing- more a focus on self-realisation and self expression. 

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- Counter argument for secularisation
- Accepts that religious institution is in decline
- But this doesn't mean religion is disappearing completely -- Just increasingly seeking own unique belief systems
- Continued belief in God but not in relation to Scriptures
- 'Believing without belonging'
- Growing individualisation of religion practices and beliefs -- Each person doing their own thing

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- Pessimistic view of religion
- Predicts that religion will disappear completely
- Focuses on relationship between religion and economic action -- Success in business meaning a sign of being destined for salvation
- Capitalist system undermines religious meanings
- Our modern life will become empty and meaningless

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- Recognised role of religion as social cohesion
- Provides a moral community
- Rejected religion of humanity
- Eventually society will be organised around cult of individualism -- This would be compatible with social divisions and market relations

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An Overview of the Development of Religion

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An Overview of the Development of Religion

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19th-20th Century religion was typically practised on sundays and there were still holy days. The church was heavily evident within people's lives- people organised their days with an element of religion integrated within it (i.e- praying).

Rise of secularisation- in 2012, 10% attend churches weekly. In comparison to 40-60% in 1851.
-More children are born into non-religious families and then fewer receive religious socialisation.

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- Radical view of religion
- Religion would eventually cease to exist
- Religion has an ideological function