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"These subcultures carry values and behaviors that differ from others in the same nation or same community." (Page 52) Each child in one classroom has grown up in a different household with different views of life. They grow in different cultural backgrounds even different from the teacher. Therefore, the classroom has to meet a common ground where each student can feel apart of the environment, welcomed and understood.

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"Teaching is more than helping a child master a subject, each classroom is a composite of the anguish and the joy of all its students." (Page 6) There are so many people who genuinely believe teaching is only instructing the children through book work and classroom material when it is far beyond that.

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"Many teachers feel that the satisfaction they realize inside the classroom is often jeopardized by forces beyond the classroom." (Page 9). Teachers goes through a lot in a day in the classroom having to deal with each and every student and their feelings and thoughts, but there are so many outside forces such as politicians with mandated tests and curriculum, and parents wishes for their children that teachers have to think about more than just the students every day.

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"Teachers are born not made" (Page 16). Not everyone is meant to be a teacher, or should be a teacher. Being passionate about the subject you are teaching and 'liking kids' is so little of the profession. You have to have so many different virtues and qualities in yourself to be a good teacher.

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This reminds me of how teachers might feel especially when they have to do their job with so many outside forces reeling in on how they do their jobs.

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Teaching brings together students of all different backgrounds.

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This chapter and these quotes molded a whole new perspective on how I feel about the teaching profession. I think that some teachers do have it better than others. There are teachers out there that are underpaid and underappreciated and not valued. I think there needs to be a medium met for all teachers where each teacher will feel they are getting what they deserve.

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"To this group, setbacks are not considered a permanent reflection of intelligence, rather than opportunities to grow." (Page 27) I think this is really important to improve the mindsets of young kids because they can grow to believe that they are born to only do certain things, or they can believe life has no limit and want to achieve whatever they possibly dream of in life.

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There should be an appropriate amount of discipline and rules in each classroom.

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"Disrespectful behavior has become a commonplace, and Gardner believes we should teach children to develop respectful minds." (Page 29) Children are growing up in an era where cursing, fighting, acting out, disrespecting elders and the people around us, and I think it needs to change. There should be a bit more discipline in the system, but some parents see to it that nobody else should be allowed o yell at their kid but them.

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If you do not meet the need of the student, they will get bored and not want to participate.

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"It means that if we offer a variety of challenging and involving activities in our class, we not only maintain student interest, but also we can help students grow and cultivate their brains." (Page 36) No child is the exact same. In a classroom of 5, 10, or 20 kids you still have a wide range of what each child needs and their capacity of what they can do for a whole day at school. Creating a learning style that engages each student differently everyday makes them more interested and will meet the needs of each kid day by day.

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"Even the most well-meaning educators come to school with an unconscious bias." (Page 54) As we are all human, we will always have some sort of opinions about everyone that we keep to ourselves. Even the best of the best will have thoughts on situations each and everyday, but it is for the best for both the teacher and the student to keep those thoughts inside although it may be hard to do.

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Just because someone views something differently than you, does not give you the right to think that you are right in the situation.

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"Student's do not have to agree that 'it's okay to be gay', but they should understand that 'it's not okay to discriminate against those who are gay.'" (Page 59) The LGBTQ community has struggled immensely the past few decades, and I feel personally that we are finally reaching a standpoint where 'being gay' or identifying oneself as transgender is becoming acceptable. Teachers have to go to lengths to become familiar with it because school is where kids will typically just find out about this if they were not taught at home

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I feel like this chapter is very blunt with some of the mainstream discrimination that students face in the school system. Teachers need to be prepared for the kids who will have questions or even those who face troubles with race, gender, culture diversity, religion, or even sexuality. Teachers need to be open to all sorts of cultural views and be able to have open minds and hearts to every child.

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Every student is different with the styles of learning that they need. Each child has their favorite ways to learn, and things they hate to do. Each kid has strengths and weaknesses that are unique and their own. Teachers should be able to effectively meet each and every one of their students needs everyday which can become super challenging, but that is why teachers have such an important job. Without the teacher molding their lessons to each student, it would be impossible for kids to learn and develop.

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Each student has something different that they can bring to the world and our future. Where it starts is learning in the classroom.

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"Research suggests that while teachers are very busy, students are often caught in patterns of delay that force them to do nothing." (Page 85) The school day may be long enough for children, but there is a huge issue with teachers not being able to get everything in that they need for each lesson.

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Teachers try to cram in as much as they can, but there are so many underlying issues such as attendance, assemblies, time consumed to hand out materials, etc. Also, students do not cooperate when they are learning and its harder for the teacher to get them to grasp the material.

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"Between 5th and 12th grade, the number of students who feel involved with school steadily declines each year." (Page 86) It is awful to see that students are becoming less involved in school each year. Students do not feel connected or involved, I feel as if it's because students are lazy and do not feel like doing anything or learning anymore.

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Students are constantly on their cellphones instead of connecting with their classroom peers and teachers. This is a huge reason I feel like students are less involved.

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"Roughly 2/3 of classroom time is taken up by talk; 2/3 of that talk is the teacher." (Page 87) The teacher does most of the talking for lectures and teaching lessons, but this can become boring and hard for the students to focus and concentrate on every word they say. It creates pressure for the teacher to keep their lesson engaging.

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I feel like this chapter made me realize just how little teachers really have to teach a subject in one day at school. There is so much time that students have wasted through minor things at school such as announcements, changing classes, attendance, passing out materials, talking, etc. that it is so hard for the teacher to manage the time they have. I feel a lot of the connection students have to their lessons and their school is up to them. It is up to them to focus and stay involved.

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"The Multicultural History of American Education"

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"The Multicultural History of American Education"

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"More parents viewed high school as a stepping stone to more jobs."(Page 129) I found this so interesting that high school was comparable to present day college back in the 19th century.

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I think it is neat to see what schools were like compared to how big some schools are now.

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"For almost two centuries, women were barred from schools." (Page 139) I cannot imagine what life would have been like if women could not even have a choice to go to school.

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"Women attending high school and college were in at risk because the blood destined for the health and development of the ovaries would be redirected to their brains." (Page 140) This comes to show we have come a long way in society (and science).

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Although American women have equal rights to education, there are so many countries where women still fight for this right.

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I was so surprised by some things I read in this chapter, I ever knew what some people legitimately argued for as to why some people could not attend schools. I am a firm believer that everyone has a right to education, and in fact NEEDS an education.

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"Some educators refer to the present period as neoessentialism because of the increased core graduation requirements, stronger standards, and more testing of both teachers and students." (Page 156) I do think it is important to be tested on material, but I do believe the standard of an average student is extremely higher than where it should be.

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"Essentialists frown upon electives that "water down" academic content." (Page 156) Electives personally are where I feel like a student can figure out if they are interested in any other areas academically other than the 'core curriculum'. Some students are passionate for arts or physical education and this is where they find excitement in their school day. This should not be frowned upon.

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"Rather you will likely see children working in small groups, moving about and talking freely." (Page 161) I think this is the most effective way to teach kids in modern day society.

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This reminds me of the Progressive classroom which I feel is most effective.

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1:55-2:55 Brings up great tips on how to involve the students and keep them engaged in their lessons. I think it's very important for students to be able to find a way to relate to every lesson whether they personally can or if they remember something from the past that they have learned and can relate it to the present lesson.

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Module 3: Questioning and Discussion in the Classroom

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After reading this chapter, I think that I mostly relate to a progressive teacher. I think it is most important for a student to learn about ideas and lessons that they can relate or connect to their lives or the world issues currently. I never liked reading and writing and testing all day long, and discussions make school and learning so much easier and more fun to learn.

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"Financing and Governing America's Schools"

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"Financing and Governing America's Schools"

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"Today's children spend a trillion consumer dollars yearly." (Page 192) Children blow their paychecks, allowances, etc. and are the easiest targets for companies to sell products because of how naive kids are to thinking they need something. This also causes kids to grow up so much faster because they think they need to look or be a certain way watching commercials.

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"Rather than sitting by as young lives become focused on consuming, educators can help children connect with healthy alternatives, such as exploring nature, developing creative talents, discovering the joys of community service, and forming authentic relationships." (Page 194) I feel like schools try to push these ideas to kids, but kids never fall through with these plans. There needs to be more involvement with a child's life after school, and personally I feel like a lot of that issue is up to the parent depending on how old the child is.

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Children are given the television to keep them occupied, but sometimes television can do damage to kids in many ways.

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"In a nationwide survey of elementary and secondary public school principles, more than 40 percent reported that poor building conditions were impairing teacher instruction and students learning." (Page 197) This is something never really taken into consideration. Poor construction in a building can have huge effects on how kids learn. If a kid is overheated or too cold, they will not be able to sit in these schools for hours on end trying to learn.

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Sometimes there needs to be advancement in technology build into the building first before computers.

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"Sadly, nearly half of women are subjectedto unwanted sexual contact or touching at work." (Page 215) Society is extremely backwards in a sense that women and even men should just be used to there possibly being unwanted sexual contact while trying to work.

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This reminds me of women in society who are victims of unwanted contact in classrooms.

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NO - Meghan Trainor (Madi Lee Official Music Video Cover)

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"Children with 2 or more hours of daily screen time are more likely to have psychological difficulties, including hyperactivity, emotional and conduct problems, and difficulty with peers." (Page 235) In modern times it is hard to even think of kids not being glued to a phone or ipad or television screen.

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"But not everyone agrees that preaching moral values is the only or best way to product moral citizens." (Page 237) Every kid comes from different backgrounds and grew up with different morals taught to them. School should have a mix of every value or belief system being taught.

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Kids that spend over 2 hours a day on electronics face issues that they may struggle with forever.

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I think that one of the biggest issues behind children's behavioral problems have to due with technology. Kids are given electronics to 'keep them occupied and quiet', but in the meantime they are not being truly parented or taught anything at home or going and playing like a normal child should. This is something that really bothers me in society today.

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"Purposes of America's Schools and the Current Reform Movement"

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"Purposes of America's Schools and the Current Reform Movement"

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I feel as if a lot of the performance of the child is up to how they are taught at home. If they are not disciplined or watched, they will not be respectful or adhere to discipline at school. Children need to be in good school conditions to learn, otherwise they will not be able to learn and give their full attention.

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"Sustainability, smart growth, and the health of our natural world are now part of our core subjects like science and social studies." (Page 262) Green schools seem to be extremely necessary to our world today. Teaching kids more than just the basic math and science is super important especially because of where the planet is now.

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Green schools will help us teach children the important things they need to know about our future.

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"Some families opt for homeschooling to resist gender inequity, age segregation, lack of individualized attention, drugs, bullying, and peer pressure in schools." (Page 260) Some kids do not want to go to a public or private school for many reasons. People tend to believe here are only certain reasons it could be for, but there are a multitude of explanations why a family feels it is best for their child to be educated at home.

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"Teachers in school without trust will cling to job security (like tenure) for protection and are unlikely to try new strategies." (Page 265) Teachers will unlikely go out of their ways to try new things with their students if they do not have trust in the students or their workplace. They will stick to the same routines

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Prior to reading this chapter, homeschooling was a broad term to me. I feel like I understand a lot more why students do not choose to go to a public place for education. I agree that teachers need trust to improve their teaching skills and techniques to help their students thrive and flourish.

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"Parents can advocate for more rigorous courses, higher scores on standardized tests, greater access to technology, or other practices." (Page 291 While I believe the parents should fight for their children's education, I  feel as if these issues are seldom dealt with.

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"Local school boards make a variety or curriculum decisions, requiring or prohbibiting courses from sex education to financial literacy, and technology." (Page 280) Having a school board is great, and it gets communities involved in what students are learning, but I feel as if students themselves should have a bit more of a say than they do.

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"The Common Core is intended to bring more rigor into the curriculum and reflect a national consensus on what all American students should learn." (page 290) While this is great that we are achieving a national standard to learn by, the Common Core was poorly executed making both teachers and students frustrated.

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I believe that the curriculum's direction should be determined mostly by the students. The school boards should take how students feel into account and take a look at scores and productivity levels and decide what direction the curriculum needs to go in.

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"Some individuals are natural teachers." (Page 310 There are most definitely people in the world who were meant to be teachers and have the mind and heart capacity for it.

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"Starting from the very first day of school, they teach standards or norms of behavior, actively and directly." (page 313) A classroom with rules and responsibilities of each person that is involved will create stability and structure for everyone.

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"Students fearful of going to school because of bullying and violence can learn safely at home using technology." (Page 327) While this is a sad truth, many kids can now learn with advances in technology. Although this is a great advancement, it is up to the parent to be sure their child remains up to date in their schoolwork and understands the lessons.

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I think that there are teachers in the world who are not meant to teachers. The most effective teaches are the ones who love their job and are committed and caring towards their students.