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Notes on Tectonic Processes and Hazards - Edexcel Geography A-level

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Notes on Coastal Landscapes and Change - Edexcel Geography A-level

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silent walking gallery solutions to flooding bangldesh

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Impacts of the Global economic Shift Nano

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Transition Town Totnes - Taking positive action together in a changing world

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Transition Town Totnes (TTT) is a community-led and run local charity that exists to strengthen the local economy, reduce our environmental impact, and build our resilience for a future with less cheap energy and a changing climate. We are a grass roots organisation, run by a collection of local volunteers with a small staff team, who come together to work on projects.

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Fair Trade

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1) Please complete your annotation 'revision document' you started before the globalisation test, on Globalisation (refer back to the proviso link on pallet) and bring this in either printed on to show me on a memory stick on our first lesson back.

2) Revise for an assessment on all topics: tectonics, coasts and globalisation for the first lesson back. Please ensure you are revising case study knowledge in in detail to feed into essays.

Have a lovely break!

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1) How and why East London's functions and characteristics have changed

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1) How and why East London's functions and characteristics have changed

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2) how these changes altered the PLACE, ECONOMY, and its POPULATION

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Coolgeography - GCSE - London Regeneration

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Pages of resources to help you study all about modern urban environments

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he London Olympics claimed that its most enduring legacy would be "the regeneration of an entire community for the direct benefit of everyone who lives there". It is clear however, four year on, that without a rethink the housing legacy will be marked by the rapid gentrification of Stratford and surrounding areas and a negligible gain of genuinely affordable housing.

From the start there was a degree of vagueness about what the housing legacy would be, though terms such as "much" and "many" were used in reference to the proportion of affordable housing that would be provided and this won over opposition to the demolition of existing housing. There was also tension between the vision of the Greater London Authority with ambitions for 50% affordable housing on new developments and the London Borough of Newham which while supportive was keen to encourage more market housing in Stratford.

The conversion of the Athletes' Village into East Village stands as a marker of success while highlighting the tensions in delivering genuinely affordable housing. It is a mixed-tenure development that includes 49% affordable housing. Half of this is for social rent and the rent formula was agreed under previous targets for social renting that make it genuinely affordable. The other half is "intermediate", including a mix of shared ownership and units for rent at costs more closely linked to the market and at odds with local incomes. In 2015, median household incomes in Newham were just under £29k, yet a two-bedroom intermediate unit required a minimum household income of £48k and a three-bedroom shared ownership property a minimum household income of £73k.

It was always assumed that the Olympic Park itself would be a key dimension of housing legacy. However, targets for affordable housing there have been revised down from 35%-40% in 2010 to a minimum of 20% and maximum of 35% in 2011, and a maximum of 31% in 2013. These cuts have been justified by the need to pay back debts and the loss of an uplift in land values following plans to accelerate development of two neighbourhoods.

It was also expected that hosting the games would accelerate the regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley and in 2005 "planning gain" was an important mechanism for levering affordable housing on new developments. However with concerns about the viability of schemes, there is evidence of developers making minimal contributions. Five towers being built or recently completed in Stratford include only 8% on-site affordable housing, all of which is intermediate. Some of these schemes do include financial contributions to off-site housing for social rent, yet this excludes low income families from taking advantage of the area's improvements. These contradictions have led to local campaigns such as the Focus E15 Mums and Boleyn 100.

Overall then we are not on track for an inclusive housing legacy. The policy context of 2016 is very different from 2005. Key instruments crucial to deliver affordable housing a decade ago no longer apply. Cuts to housing subsidy; the introduction of the 80% of market rates as the "affordable rent" model (in addition the introduction of the benefit cap and universal credit) and the declining value of planning gain will make it increasingly difficult for families on low incomes to live in high value areas. Plans for affordable housing have been diluted despite the increasing need for it. With a new London mayor committed to increasing affordable housing in the park is there a chance to return to the original promises? Since 2012, Newham has recorded the largest property price rises of any London borough and the area around the East Village has emerged as a "buy to let" hotspot. Rental costs have also shot up and a combination of rising rents and the benefit cap make it increasingly difficult for households on low incomes to find accommodation in the area.

Housing built on the park and in surrounding areas could become a test bed for new models of housing finance and delivery, with a minimum of 50% affordable housing. A key challenge for the London Legacy Development Corporation is the need to repay debts, yet some of these should be written off and the substantial increase in land values could be levered to fund genuinely affordable housing. The legacy could capitalise on the extensive construction knowledge in East London and establish its own building company guaranteeing decent wages and cross-subsidising housing for sale with housing for rent. The legacy has to be lasting and should be exempt from "right to buy". This would remain in perpetuity as a gift to the people of London. Above all what is needed to realise the housing legacy promised by the London Olympics is the political will to achieve it.

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London Olympics has brought regeneration, but at a price locals can't afford | Penny Bernstock

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he London Olympics claimed that its most enduring legacy would be "the regeneration of an entire community for the direct benefit of everyone who lives there". It is clear however, four year on, that without a rethink the housing legacy will be marked by the rapid gentrification of Stratford and surrounding areas and a negligible gain of genuinely affordable housing.

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Business Insider conducted an analysis of local economies in the 40 largest metro areas in the US.

Areas near San Jose and San Francisco ranked as the two places with the top economies.

Economists have said the Bay Area's job market "defies gravity."

Economic progress is increasingly being powered by big cities, and the Bay Area's tech industry may only continue to explode. On a larger scale, US geographical economic inequality is growing, meaning Americans' salary-earning-potential is more connected to your location than ever before.

It probably comes at no surprise that the San Jose and San Francisco metro areas have the strongest economies in the US. Many of the nation's largest tech companies are headquartered there, and one economist recently told Mercury News that the Bay Area's economy "is defying gravity."

In a new analysis, Business Insider culled data across five measures of labor-market and general economic health for the 40 metropolitan statistical areas with the largest 2017 populations. Those measures included unemployment rate, average weekly wage, job growth rate, GDP per capita, and GDP growth rate. By placing those measures on a common scale and combining them, we were able to get a picture of the overall state of each metro area's economy. ( You can read about our full methodology here.)

Two Northern California metros - San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward and San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara - ranked as the places with the best economies in the country.

These two metros are in and around Silicon Valley, considered the center of the tech world. Thanks to companies like Apple, Google, Cisco, and Tesla, Silicon Valley is nearly a $3 billion neighborhood today.

The San Jose metro area holds the top position among the 40 largest regions in three of our five metrics: its Q3 2017 average weekly wage of $2,297, 2016 GDP growth rate of 5.9%, and 2016 GDP per capita of $126,820.

Close behind, the San Francisco metro area's Q3 2017 average weekly wage was $1,654; its 2016 GDP growth rate was 5.4%; and its 2016 GDP per capita was $100,132. Plus, the region's February 2018 unemployment rate was just 2.9%.

On a national scale, our analysis reveals just how powerful the tech industry has become to the US economy in the past few decades. As BI has previously reported, today more than ever, your economic opportunity is tied to your location. Some of the Bay Area's wealth comes from venture-capital funding. According to Thomson Reuters and CityLab, the San Francisco and San Jose metro areas receive nearly 40% of the nation's VC money.

Compared to the rest of the US, tech hubs in the Bay Area have remained economically strong. Business growth in this region appears to be especially robust, which also means that many other parts of the country are being left out. As Axios notes, as people in other cities suffer economically, they have fueled a quiet backlash against those in more prosperous metros, like San Francisco.

The typical San Francisco household earns about $96,677 each year - nearly double the national median household income of $57,617, according to the US Census Bureau. And there's reason to believe that the larger region's prosperity will only continue to grow.

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The San Francisco Bay Area's economy is 'defying gravity' - and it reveals how powerful the tech industry has become

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In our analysis of economies in the biggest US metropolitan areas, cities in the San Francisco Bay Area came out on top. And the findings suggest that the region around Silicon Valley holds a big chunk of the country's wealth.

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(file too large - bring a memory stick and I will copy on to this for you) 

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(file too large - bring a memory stick and I will copy on to this for you) 

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Data Presentation - FSC Geography Fieldwork

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Geographical enquiry. A level geography. Data presentation.