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Turkemenistan airline left thousands stranded due to health and safety regulations :

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Turkemenistan airline left thousands stranded due to health and safety regulations :

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www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/business-47115732

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Nissan was 'offered up to £80m' for UK Brexit commitment

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Nissan was 'offered up to £80m' for UK Brexit commitment

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The business secretary offered Nissan up to £80m of "support" in a series of Brexit assurances before it committed to building new models in Sunderland.

The revelation is made in a letter Greg Clark wrote to the-now ex-chairman of Nissan, Carlos Ghosn, as the company pondered its investment in the UK in 2016 after the EU referendum.

Nissan confirmed days later it was to build new Qashqai and X-Trail models in the North East.

But that decision was partly overturned this weekend, when Sky News revealed the firm had decided to build the X-Trail in Japan instead amid a collapse in diesel sales in Europe and continued Brexit uncertainty.

The government has always denied that any sweetheart deals were made with the company in return for its investment commitment - refusing to reveal the details on the grounds of commercial sensitivity for Nissan.

But the information was released on Monday by the Department for Business - with the backing of Nissan.
:: Four challenges facing Nissan and car industry
Mr Clark wrote on 21 October 2016 it was a "critical priority" of the UK's negotiation with the EU to ensure that the ability of carmakers to export to and from the EU was not "adversely affected".

On the pledge of financial support, Mr Clark wrote: "As a demonstration of the UK government's commitment, we are already working with your UK team on a package of support in areas such as skills, R&D (research & development) and innovation.

"Work continues but I understand this could amount to additional support of up to £80m.

"You will understand of course that this figure will be subject to business cases being developed, which are independently assessed, and the usual processes of due diligence.

"It is contingent too on a positive decision by the Nissan Board to allocate production of the Qashqai and X-Trail models to the Sunderland plant.

"We recognise that the UK has a stake, and we are backing your continued success in Sunderland to the hilt."

Mr Clark has since disclosed that £61m in grants was offered to Nissan in June 2018 - offers later declared in an EU transparency website five days before Christmas.

Nissan responded: "The letter, written in October 2016, shows Nissan and the UK government's continued desire to support investment in the UK and maintain Sunderland as one of Nissan's manufacturing hubs in Europe.

"The letter is no longer commercially sensitive as it contains nothing that hasn't been disclosed publicly before, and the projects referenced in the letter have now changed."

Mr Clark later told MPs in the Commons that the company would have to reapply for grants in light of its decision.

He did not say if the company would have to repay £2.6m already handed over.

The episode is the latest in the car industry to be linked to Brexit - with carmakers including Jaguar Land Rover closing production temporarily in early April in case of disruption.

Industry experts say the diesel factor, as regulators crack down on the fuel, was bigger for Nissan in this case.

Sky News understands only eight Infiniti models, including diesels, are now being produced per shift in Sunderland - down from a high of 150 - because of a lack of demand in key markets.

Mr Ghosn is unable to face questions over his handling of the negotiations with the government as he is currently in a Japanese prison awaiting trial on charges of financial misconduct related to his pay and use of company money while at Nissan.

He denies any wrongdoing.

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Nissan was 'offered up to £80m' for UK Brexit commitment

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The business secretary offered Nissan up to £80m of "support" in a series of Brexit assurances before it committed to building new models in Sunderland. The revelation is made in a letter Greg Clark wrote to the-now ex-chairman of Nissan, Carlos Ghosn, as the company pondered its investment in the UK in 2016 after the EU referendum.

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Pressure groups are essentially organisations set up to try and influence the way consumers view a business and its environmental impacts. This can cause some businesses to make losses if customers agree with the pressure groups, this can further lead to boycotts and lower footfall for the business.

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Theresa May will try to reassure people in Northern Ireland that she can secure a Brexit deal that avoids a hard border with Ireland during a visit later.

In a speech to business leaders, the prime minister will pledge to secure a deal with the EU that "commands broad support" and a majority in parliament.

The DUP leader Arlene Foster said the "toxic backstop" remains the problem.

She added that she believes Brussels is "unfortunately turning their face against that".

Mrs Foster told BBC Good Morning Ulster: "It is time for Brussels to have respect for unionism in Northern Ireland.

"We have heard a lot about their understanding of the Belfast Agreement, that they don't want a hard border on the island of Ireland, but they are quite content apparently to build a hard border between Northern Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom, thereby interfering with the constitutional position of the United Kingdom."

Mrs Foster added that she intends to speak to the Irish government in the coming days.

What is the Good Friday Agreement?

Q&A: Irish border Brexit backstop

Can technology solve Irish border problem?

Katya Adler: EU digs in its heels

In Westminster, the working group of Leave and Remain MPs will continue to try to agree alternative solutions.

However, European Union leaders have continued to rule out making changes to the withdrawal deal as agreed.

The prime minister is expected to say in her speech that she will find a way to deliver Brexit that honours "commitments to Northern Ireland" and "secures a majority" in parliament.

The backstop is an insurance policy designed to avoid a hard border "under all circumstances" between Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic after Brexit.

The UK is due to leave the EU at 23:00 GMT on Friday 29 March, when the two-year time limit on withdrawal negotiations enforced by the Article 50 process expires.

What are the new ideas for the Irish backstop?

Read more: Could technology solve the Irish border problem?

All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU

Mrs Foster said Parliament had spoken and the current backstop has been rejected.

"The European Union must now accept the need for the withdrawal agreement to be reopened," she added.

Brexit: A really simple guide
The BBC's Brussels reporter Adam Fleming said the EU was not looking for a substitute solution, because it says it has already investigated every other option that exists and none has the same effect as the backstop.

The EU's chief negotiator, Michel Barnier, said there was "full agreement" that the withdrawal agreement "cannot be reopened".

On Monday, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said the EU would listen to proposals to solve the Irish border "riddle", although they needed to hear how the UK wanted to do it.

Tánaiste (Irish deputy prime minister) Simon Coveney said the withdrawal agreement rejected by MPs already allowed the EU and UK to work on alternative arrangements for the backstop.

"What Ireland is being asked to do by some in Westminster is to essentially do away with an agreed solution between the UK government and EU negotiators and to replace it with wishful thinking and I think that's a very unreasonable request to ask the Irish government to be flexible on," he added.

'Broken promise'

Lord Trimble, who jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998 for his role in the Good Friday Agreement, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that he is "exploring" the possibility of a legal challenge over claims the PM's Brexit deal breaches the historic peace agreement between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

He said the PM's Brexit deal "turns the Belfast Agreement on its head and does serious damage to it".

He said the peace agreement was successful as it was "bottom up", but now, in negotiating the exit agreement, the EU "has come in...and put in place a number of top down structures".

He added: "Both the British and Irish governments undertook to support the agreement and what they've done, both of them, is broken that promise."

And asked what the likelihood is of him launching the legal challenge, Lord Trimble said: "If it reminds people to keep their promises, it'll be a good thing.

'Alternative arrangements'

In January, MPs overwhelmingly rejected the withdrawal deal that the government had negotiated with the EU.

Last week, they voted for the prime minister to seek "alternative arrangements" to the controversial Irish "backstop" proposal, which is opposed by many Conservative MPs and the Democratic Unionist Party.

If used, the backstop would effectively keep the UK inside the EU's customs union, but with Northern Ireland also conforming to some rules of the single market.

Critics fear the UK could be "trapped" in this arrangement for years, while Unionist MPs in Northern Ireland also fear it would divide Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK.

The first meeting of the Alternative Arrangements Working Group on Monday was described as "detailed and constructive" by the Brexit department.

While in Northern Ireland, Mrs May will also call for "steps to move towards the restoration of devolution" so that Northern Ireland's politicians "can get back to work on the issues that matter to the people they represent".
Northern Ireland has been without its executive at Stormont since January 2017.
Mrs May will say: "The measure of this moment in Northern Ireland's history must be more than whether we avoid a return to the challenges of the past.

"It must be how, together, we move forwards to shape the opportunities of the future."

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PM to defend Brexit strategy on NI visit

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Theresa May will try to reassure people in Northern Ireland that she can secure a Brexit deal that avoids a hard border with Ireland during a visit later. In a speech to business leaders, the prime minister will pledge to secure a deal with the EU that "commands broad support" and a majority in parliament.

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51 results ... Currency Online Group Travel Money. ... When comparing travel money look for the highest exchange rate, this tells you how many euros you get for each pound you exchange. ... The exchange rates on our euro table update every ten minutes, so you can be sure that you are getting the current ...

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Demographics breaks down population data and this may take into account average age, dependency ratios, birth rates etc.

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Sustainability
Sustainability is the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. The business can predict change in this by looking at all the external factors. For example they should look at exchange rates and the prices of products in other countries. This business could be using sustainable methods of energy to power the factories such as solar energy or wind energy

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Trends such as these mainly relate to everyday lifestyle:
- greater awareness of the need to eat healthy
- changed attitudes to smoking
- an increased desire for convenience and speed of service
- an ageing population
Some business aren’t a able to keep with the changing social factors so their products become less desirable, but for some businesses this social change is an opportunity to develop and bring out new products and different models such as electric cars or Fitbit watches.
https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/jan/27/the-trouble-with-fake-meat-beetroot-burgers-food-substitutes

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Many businesses try to do their part for the environment such as being sustainable, using ethical sourcing such as using a supply chain and controlling pollution and carbon emissions they also think ethically when making decisions such as tax practices.
Ethical Sourcing: companies across the world have ethical sourcing policies which means they have to follow the guidelines of buying their products/ goods services are produced and delivered ethically. This can range from making sure the workers making a product for example are not underpayed and overworked. Also that they try to support small firms instead of large ones that perhaps need more work than others and business with ethnic minorities.
To make sure that they are aware of each stage of their product/ service/ good being  made, businesses use supply chains.
An example of a business thatthis is Starbucks. Starbucks makes sure that 100% of their coffee is ethically sourced while also protecting the environment by using reusable cups which lessens the amount of Carbon Emissions being released which makes global warming worse.

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Nissan will be forced to reapply for £61m of taxpayer support after backtracking on a promise to built its X-Trail SUV in Sunderland.

A letter from the government to Nissan, written in 2016, revealed that the Japanese carmaker would only get the money if they made the car in the UK.

The government said that Nissan had not received any of the funds so far and would have to reapply for them.

Business Minister Greg Clark will make a statement this afternoon.

He is due to address the House of Commons at around 17:00.

In the 2016 letter from Mr Clark to Nissan's then chief executive Carlos Ghosn, he said the funding was contingent "on a positive decision by the Nissan board to allocate production of the Qashqai and X-Trail models to the Sunderland plant".

Nissan had originally asked for £80m in state support but following a review by an independent advisory committee that figure was reduced £61m.

On Sunday, when Nissan announced its decision not to build the X-Trail SUV in Sunderland, the firm's Europe chairman, Gianluca de Ficchy, said that "the continued uncertainty around the UK's future relationship with the EU is not helping companies like ours to plan for the future".

The government had to clarify its position after Business Minister Richard Harrington told the BBC that Nissan would get the £61m support payment.

Mr Harrington told BBC Newcastle: "The £60m still stands. It's to do with research and development and developing alternative technologies and making sure Nissan is at the forefront of that.

"This was nothing to do with the X-Trail."
Do you work for Nissan? What's your reaction to the decision? Let us know by emailing haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk
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Nissan £61m in doubt after investment U-turn

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Nissan will be forced to reapply for £61m of taxpayer support after backtracking on a promise to built its X-Trail SUV in Sunderland. A letter from the government to Nissan, written in 2016, revealed that the Japanese carmaker would only get the money if they made the car in the UK.

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Pollution and carbon emissions
Business produce fossil fuels when transporting raw materials for example, this is because transportation burns petrol which emits many dangerous gases into the environment polluting it, this could be due to vans, lorries and also planes. Factories release carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

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Economic factors include inflation rate, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, economic growth patterns etc. It also accounts for the FDI (foreign direct investment) depending on certain specific industries who are undergoing this analysis.

For example, a rise in the inflation rate of any economy would affect the way companies’ price their products and services. Adding to that, it would affect the purchasing power of a consumer and change demand/supply models for that economy.

The state of the economy can determine how big of an impact these economic factors have as a strong economy may mean that consumer spending goes up as they will have more confidence but in a weak economy taxes may have to rise, therefore decreasing consumer spending and confidence.

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Competition policy: What the country puts in place to make domestic made goods competitive in foreign markets or its country's markets. (Subsidies, quoters or tariffs on imports).

Government spending is way to inject money into the economy without external interaction. The government can set up public industries or invest into privately owned markets this can be in the form of a subsidy ora grant which effectively reduces the costs to the business.

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Employment law