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case dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. Related court decisions are captioned Collin v. Smith and Smith v. Collin.

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Speech or writing that is defamatory is likely to damage someone's good reputation by saying something bad and untrue about them.

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the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

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This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact.

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speech directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders.

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related to criminal prosecutions. The Supreme Court has applied the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship.

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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; no double jeopardy

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Racial segregation that happens “by fact,” rather than by legal requirement.

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

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A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Right to have guns.

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protects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, and right to petition.

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Supreme Court of the United States found that the passing of any state laws that establish a religious body is a direct violation of the United States Constitution. Lemon Test.

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is censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression.

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the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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is the normal standard of review that courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection questions under the Fifth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment.

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is a landmark case to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

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was an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as the "Dred Scott case."

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is a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions.

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a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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is the policy of promoting the education and employment of members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.

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A literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write. Specifically when applying to vote

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was a landmark case in criminal procedure that decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures"

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is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws"

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that overturned Ernesto Miranda's conviction for kidnapping and rape because he had not been informed of his legal rights prior to confessing. "You have the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law"

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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states

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used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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standard by which police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant

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refers to the legal separation of groups in society.

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.

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A form of expression in which behavior is used by itself or in coordination with written or spoken words to convey an idea or message.

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the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.