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Theorists:  Albert Bandura, Jerome Bruner, and Lev Vygotsky

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Theorists:  Albert Bandura, Jerome Bruner, and Lev Vygotsky

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View of the Learning Process: Each of the theorists above believed that learning occurs through interaction and observation.
Focus of learning:  Learning is in direct relationship between people and their environment.
Purpose in Education:  Participation in communities and utilization of resources
Educator's role:  Works to establish communities of practice in which conversation and participaion can occur through the students' Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
Manifestations in language learning:  Social Participation, construction of knowledege and language through interaction with support meant to help the student build on his or her own linguistic knowledge.  "know yourself, know others"  (Merriam and Caffarella, 1991).
References
TExES 154 Esl Handouts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/271109781/TExES-154-Esl-Handouts

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View of the learning process:  Skinner observed changes in behavior.
Focus of Learning:  Stimuli in external environment
Purpose in Education:  Produce behavioral change in desired direction.
Educator's role:  Arranges environment to elicit desired response.
Manifestations in language learning:  imitation and habit forming of language practice
mimicry, repetition
"Say what I say"
TExES 154 Esl Handouts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/271109781/TExES-154-Esl-Handouts

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View of the Learning process:  Internal mental process- you have a  "Language Acquisition Device" LAD to help you learn grammar.
Focus of learning: Internal cognitive language learning device-we are biologically programmed to learn language.
Purpose in Education: Allow students to figure out language and process on their own.
Educator's role: Provide language rich environment
Manifestations in language learning:  You come to know certain things about language simply by being exposed to a limited number of examples.
"It's all in your mind"
TExES 154 Esl Handouts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/271109781/TExES-154-Esl-Handouts

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Theorists:   Lawrence Kohlberg and Jean Piaget

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Theorists:   Lawrence Kohlberg and Jean Piaget

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View of the learning process:  Internal mental process (including insight, information processing, memory, perception.
Focus of learning:  Internal cognitive structuring
Purpose in education:  Develop capacity and skills to learn better
Educator's role: Structures content of learning activity
Manifestations in language learning: Cognitive development   Inelligence, learning and memory as function of age. Learning how to learn  "Sequence and Stages"
TExES 154 Esl Handouts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/271109781/TExES-154-Esl-Handouts

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View of the learning process:  How child and environment interact to influence growth and development.
Focus of learning:  Five stages of ecological systems that influence growth and development.
Purpose in education:  Develop an understanding of the socio-emotional stage of an individual
Educator's role: Works to establish and analyze the different ecologial systems that influences the growth and development of a child.
Manifestations in language learning:  You imitate and exhibit qualities influenced from your environment .

The ecology of human development involves the scientific study of the progressive, mutual accommodation between an active, growing human being and the changing properties of the immediate settings in which the developing person lives, as this process is affected by relations between these settings, and by the larger contexts within which the settings are embedded. (1979b,  p.21
References

Rosa, E. M., & Tudge, J. (2013). Urie Bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development: its evolution from ecology to bioecology. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(4), 243. Retrieved from https://easydb.angelo.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=92673198&site=eds-live

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Theorists: Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow

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Theorists: Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow

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View of the learning process:  How individuals reach the level of self-actualization.
Focus of learning:  Learning is in relationship between people and their environment.
Purpose in education:  Humans basic needs must be met consistently at different levels an stages in their lives.
Educator's Role:  Structures environment and make accomodations to fit one's needs.
Manifestation in language learning:  Imitation and habit forming language.

Hierarchy of Peak and Plateau experiences comes in different stages for everyone.
subsequently assessed from a personalistic standpoint.

Maslow’s psychological theory of motivation presents a set of five innate needs, running upward from the basic “deficiency” or “D-needs” (physiological, safety and security, love and belongingness, and esteem) to “being” or “B-needs” (self-actualization). Although not necessarily so, these stages typically follow a hierarchical progression of prepotency in which higher needs emerge once the lower are satisfied (Acevedo, 2018).

References

Acevedo, A. (2018). A personalistic appraisal of maslow’s needs theory of motivation: from “humanistic” psychology to integral humanism. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(4), 741–763. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.1007/s10551-015-2970-0

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Sensorimotor Stage- Infancy-  2
Preoperational Period- 2-7 years old
Concrete Stage- 7-11 years old
Formal Operational- 11-adulthood.
My goal is to work with the middle school age students who are mostly thinking at the formal operational stage. They think and view their world from an abstract point of view.
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development
Trust vs Mistrust- 0-1- Hope
Autonomy vs Shame-2-3- Will
Initiative vs. Guilt-4-6- Purpose
Industry vs. Inferiority- 7-12- Competence.
Identity vs. Role Confusion-13-19- Fidelity
Intimacy vs. Isolation-20-34- Love
Generativity vs. Stagnation- 35-65- Care
Integrity vs. Despair- 65  and up- Wisdom
I am focusing on stage 5, Identity vs. Role Confusion-During this stage teenagers are focus on their appearance and how they look to others. They start forming their own identity. The girls are boys boys are maturing and socializing with their peers and been accepted at this stage is highly important to teenagers. Most teenagers are confused are trying to figure out who they are and what is their purpose and role in life.

# data[].attributes.body
Acevedo, A. (2018). A personalistic appraisal of maslow’s needs theory of motivation: from “humanistic” psychology to integral humanism. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(4), 741–763. https://doi-org.easydb.angelo.edu/10.1007/s10551-015-2970-0

Rosa, E. M., & Tudge, J. (2013). Urie Bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development: its evolution from ecology to bioecology. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(4), 243. Retrieved from https://easydb.angelo.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=92673198&site=eds-live

TExES 154 Esl Handouts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/271109781/TExES-154-Esl-Handouts