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Drake and Josh use interpersonal communication with each other to deal with a situation that should not have happened in the first place.

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PRINTED FROM the OXFORD RESEARCH ENCYCLOPEDIA, COMMUNICATION (oxfordre.com/communication). (c) Oxford University Press USA, 2018. All Rights Reserved. Personal use only; commercial use is strictly prohibited (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice).

date: 12 December 2018

Summary and Keywords

From birth to death, our interactions with others are what inform our identity and give meaning to life. Ultimately, it is interpersonal communication that is the bedrock of wellness. Much of the scholarship on interpersonal communication places communication in the background, characterized merely as a resource, symptom, or contributing factor to change. In the study of our interpersonal experiences, communication must be at the forefront. As a pragmatic lens concerned with real-world issues, a life-span perspective of interpersonal scholarship provides boundless opportunities for bridging science and practice in meaningful ways that improve social life on multiple levels, from families to schools to government to hospitals. Interpersonal communication research that is concerned with life-span issues tends to prioritize communicative phenomena and bring the communication dynamics of our relational lives to the surface. Typically, this scholarship is organized around the various stages or phases of life. In other words, researchers concerned with interpersonal communication often contextualize this behavior based on dimensions of human development and life changes we typically encounter across the life course, those major life experiences from birth to death. Much of that scholarship also centers on how we develop competence in communication across time or how communication competence is critical to our ability to attain relational satisfaction as well as a high psychological and physical quality of life. This research also highlights the influential role of age, human development, and generational differences, recognizing that our place in the life span impacts our goals and needs and that our sociocultural-historical experiences also inform our communication preferences. A life-span perspective of interpersonal communication also encompasses various theoretical paradigms that have been developed within and outside the communication discipline. Collectively, this scholarship helps illustrate the communicative nature of human life across the entire life trajectory.

Keywords: life span, life course, life stage, interpersonal, relational, family, intergenerational, communication competence, aging, human development, generational differences

Introduction

By examining the interpersonal communication that defines human life, we garner a better understanding of how communication is central to a high quality of life. From birth to death, our interactions with others are what inform our sense of self and purpose and give meaning to life. Ultimately, our interpersonal communicative experiences are the roots of wellness. We can learn much about adaptation and survival by examining the nature of our interpersonal experiences across time. With this in mind, it is important to recognize that human life is not only framed by our interactions but defined by shifts, growth, and transformation across the life course. A life-span perspective affords incredible opportunities to examine the changing nature of our relational lives across history and generations and bring to light the adaptive functioning of interpersonal communication.

As the theme of the most recent International Communication Association (ICA) 2015 conference, life-span communication was defined as the consideration of age or developmentally related factors in understanding social experiences while also recognizing that "stages" or phases of the life span are socioculturally constructed and embedded in historical contexts. As a pragmatic lens concerned with real-world issues, life-span framed interpersonal scholarship offers scholars the opportunity to merge\science and practice in meaningful ways to enhance social life in the home, in our professional or educational environments, and even at a policy level.

With this definition in mind, we explore various focal points, findings, and considerations made known through interpersonal communication scholarship that has been informed, on some level, by life-span concerns. We begin by examining what it means to employ a life-span perspective in the hopes that future scholars see the value of applying this approach to interpersonal communication. We spend the most time exploring research that captures the nature of interpersonal communication across our life trajectory, moving through the various normative developmental phases of life while also considering sociohistorical influences. Life span also concerns non-normative changes. By examining the interpersonal communication employed to adjust to both normative and non-normative changes, we gain critical insight into how we can successfully age and become resilient by developing communication competence. As such, we briefly examine some of the most widely studied aspects of communication competence in the context of these non-normative life changes. We end by exploring theoretical approaches used within the life-span lens that are especially useful in illustrating interpersonal communication across time.

Using a Life-Span Lens in Interpersonal Communication Research

The Life-Span Perspective of Communication

For a true communication-based lifespan theory to take hold and contribute,

communication needs to take a more central place in the theoretical structure. We

need to discover ways of writing and talking that make communication the phenomenon central to our discussion. Perhaps explaining and understanding communication must be more of an end in itself and less of a means to understanding biological and psychological issues.

(p. 23)

This same challenge is not nonexistent in the broad literature on interpersonal communication in that often researchers pay more attention to psychological or cognitive constructs (e.g., beliefs, attitudes, personality) as opposed to actual behavior-communication. However, scholarship on interpersonal communication framed by a life-span perspective or concerned with life-span issues tends to prioritize communicative phenomena and bring the communication dynamics of our relational lives to the surface.

Typically, this scholarship is organized around the various stages or phases of life. In other words, researchers concerned with interpersonal communication often contextualize this behavior based on dimensions of human development and life changes we typically encounter across the life course, those major life experiences from birth through the end of life. Longitudinal studies are rare, and while they exist outside the communication discipline (e.g., Bengston's Longitudinal Study of Generations; MIDUS; Schaie's Seattle Longitudinal Study; Baltes's Berlin Aging Study), communication-focused research across the life span is largely dominated by cross-sectional data. Leading life-span scholars (like Nussbaum) argue for more complex designs that capture both intra- and inter-individual change, ideally merging both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs (see Schaie's General Developmental Model). However, due to the time-intensive, expensive nature of such research approaches, most scholarship (across disciplines) has been designed to examine communication encountered during various turning points across our individual and relational histories. These studies can be categorized into communication across the life span during both normative and non-normative changes.

Communication Across the Life Span: Normative Experiences

The life-span perspective of human behavior helps to illustrate normative experiences we expect to encounter across our life trajectory. These are typically embedded within human development (or age) as we mature cognitively, socially, emotionally, and physically. As we age, various developmental tasks are central to our growth, success in life, and well-being. This human development contributes to our ability to become competent social beings by enhancing our communication aptitude (often referred to as "communication competence"). We highlight the nature of this development by focusing on the interpersonal communication experiences that characterize this growth from birth to death, paying close attention to the communication skills we need to develop and enhance in order to lead resilient, happy, and healthy lives.

Birth to Childhood

Adolescence

This peer interaction can have both healthy and unhealthy consequences. Children with "high-quality" friendships tend to have better social skills like cooperation, self-control, assertion, responsibility, and fewer externalizing behaviors (Engle, McElwain, & Lasky, ). Friendship communication can also buffer against loneliness and decrease one's risk of depression (Nangle, Erdley, Newman, Mason, & Carpenter, ). However, peer interaction is also experienced within social structures of hierarchy and power. While peer friendships assume egalitarian dynamics, these relationships are also embedded within larger group dynamics, which can be characterized by competition and power struggles both within and between groups. Children form peer groups, often joining with others they perceive to be like them. While this can provide bonding opportunities, negative behavior can also be common, particularly targeting those individuals perceived to be "outside" of the group. By late elementary school, bullying and aggressive behavior become more commonplace-a growing concern in today's society. Aggressive behavior like teasing, name-calling, confrontations, and physical attacks may be enacted as an attempt to hold a particular social status (e.g., popularity) within the peer group (Adler & Adler, ). While both boys and girls enact such communicative acts, boys are more likely to engage in bullying behavior, whereas girls are more likely to be victims (Duran & Prusank, ). Bullying behavior is detrimental to health. It can lead to social isolation and peer rejection and, on an individual level, low self-esteem, shame, depression, embarrassment, insecurity, and a fear of school. It can also develop into profound mental health distress, including anxiety, that can manifest as psychosomatic illness (e.g., headaches or stomachaches) and disorders (e.g., social phobia) (Wolke et al., ). Additionally, in today's world children must also learn to cope with cyberbullying in large public forums through social media like Facebook and YouTube. Because this type of adolescent interaction is done via a public computer-mediated form that can also be anonymous, the effects may be even more detrimental to their healthy development (see Wright & King, ).

Emerging and Young Adulthood

Emerging adulthood is distinguished [from other life stages] by relative independence from social roles and from normative expectations ... Emerging adulthood is a time of life when many different directions remain possible, when little about the future has been decided for certain, when the scope of independent exploration of life's possibilities is greater for most people than it will be at any other period of the life course.

(p. 469)

Since their parents still often function as an emotional and fiscal support system, emerging adults are able to take more social risks in the exciting pursuit of self-discovery. Still, this time period is not easy. Arnett () explains that emerging adults often feel tension arising from an inability to pinpoint an identity and feeling "in-between" life stages.

Later Adulthood and End of Life

In Western societies, later adulthood is colloquially viewed negatively. We live in a society that characterizes getting older as a failure, trying to preserve physical youth by all means. Yet, research shows that later adulthood can be an exciting new chapter in life where old relationships take on new meaning and new relationships can be formed.

The final stage of life is often difficult for the individual and family system. Although often feared, the end of life can be a fulfilling experience, and an individual's last days are often fondly remembered by surviving kin as a positive experience within the overarching context of their relationship with the deceased (Keeley, ). To date, the scholarship on end-of-life communication largely focuses on either talking about death and mortality or communication during the end of life.

Communication Competence and Non-Normative Experiences Across the Life Span

Communication competence is critical to adaptation across the life span, not only when adjusting to developmentally related normative transitions but also in response to non-normative changes (unexpected transitions one encounters). Social support and openness/disclosure are two of the most widely studied areas of interpersonal communication competence. These communication processes are also especially critical to one's ability to manage and respond to non-normative life transitions that, because they are unexpected, are often more stressful to cope with.

Social Support

Enacted social support is an interactional transaction in which an individual expresses support to a relational other, who receives that support and has a perception of it. Social support refers to what people say and do for each other and how such behavior can enhance well-being (Goldsmith, ). It may be offered and received but not necessarily reciprocated, and it takes many forms. Supportive communication is typically characterized as tangible/instrumental (provision of some thing or service), informational (offering advice or information of some kind), or emotional (expressing care and concern, sometimes further broken down into "esteem" or "appraisal" support). Social support is one aspect of communication that predicts quality of life across the life span. A number of theoretically grounded studies in social support and stress demonstrate support as both a means of buffering one from stress and enhancing wellness (e.g., psychological well-being) (see Afifi & Nussbaum, ).

Some studies narrowly examine this communication process as a resource (having network ties) or seek to ascertain whether or not it exists (perceived availability) (see Trees, ). In line with what Harwood () advocates, it is critical that interpersonal communication scholarship further examine the enactment of social support-the interaction that occurs between two or more individuals when one or more individuals send supportive messages for the benefit of the communicative partners. Goldsmith's () conceptualization of "enacted social support" allows for scholars to do this and to illustrate the quality of supportive communication. By capturing the quality, scholars can better understand how supportive communication is not always helpful, that it is contextually based, and that many variables (age, gender, etc.) impact whether or not the communication is helpful in coping with stressful changes (see also Barbee & Cunningham, ; Burleson & Goldsmith, ).

Openness and Disclosure

Deciding whether to share one's experiences with others or openly talking about stressful changes is another complicated aspect of communication competence central to well-being. Like social support, being open (or the opposite-being closed, avoidant, or secretive) has implications for health outcomes. Typically the expression of one's experiences (concerns, fears, joys, uncertainty) correlates with healthier outcomes such as less depression and anxiety, enhanced relational connection and satisfaction, and fewer physical ailments like disrupted sleep patterns or pain and fatigue (see James Pennebaker's extensive and well-known work on disclosure). In contrast, avoidant behavior (keeping things private, secret, or refusing to share) tends to be linked with unhealthier outcomes, including increased mental distress or physiological stress such as increased stress hormones. However, not all openness functions in a healthy manner, and not all avoidance functions in an unhealthy manner.

Widely Used Theories in Interpersonal Life-Span Communication Research

While interpersonal communication across the life span has been investigated using a number of theories developed both within and outside the communication discipline, a handful of theories have been most widely utilized and are in line with what Harwood () advocates-bringing interpersonal communication to the forefront of our lived experiences. Applications of such theories have largely focused on aging and intergenerational interaction or in intimate relational contexts. The theories highlighted were selected with two factors in mind: (1) being widely used with a demonstrated utility in understanding interpersonal communication across the entirety of our lives, and (2) allowing for the illustration of communication as a process or how communication changes across time-the developmental nature of interpersonal communication.

Theoretical Applications to Successful Aging and Intergenerational Communication

Theoretical Applications in Intimate (Relational) Communication

Communication in intimate relational contexts is another widely studied area that often overlaps with successful aging and intergenerational communication scholarship. Two of the most widely used theories in this realm are communication privacy management theory and uncertainty management theory, both of which are grounded in another widely utilized theory: relational dialectics theory. All these of theories originated within the communication discipline.

As is likely evident, much of the interpersonal communication scholarship (both intimate and not intimate) concerned with life-span issues is situated within the family environment. While the aforementioned theories have all proven well suited in making sense of communication in family contexts, it is important to note that other frameworks are especially useful in capturing the life-span component of family interaction.

Further Reading

Braithwaite, D. O., & Schrodt, P. (Eds.). (2014). Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: Multiple perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Find this resource:

Dickson, F. C., & Hughes, P. (2015). Aging families and family communication. In L. H. Turner & R. West (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of family communication (pp. 263-276). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Find this resource:

Dickson, F. C., & Hughes, P. (2015). The socially and sexually active later-life family member. In J. F. Nussbaum (Ed.), The handbook of lifespan communication (pp. 373-386). New York: Peter Lang.Find this resource:

Fisher, C. L. (2014). Coping together, side by side: Enriching mother-daughter communication across the breast cancer journey. New York: Hampton Press.Find this resource:

Fowler, C., & Fisher, C. L. (2014). Intergenerational family relationships. In L. H. Turner & R. West (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of family communication (pp. 204-219). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Find this resource:

Giles, H., Davis, S. M., Gasiorek, J., & Giles, J. (2013). Successful aging: A communication guide to empowerment. Madrid: Aresta.Find this resource:

Harwood, J. (2007). Understanding communication and aging: developing knowledge and awareness. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Find this resource:

Hummert, M. L., Wiemann, J. M., & Nussbaum, J. F. (Eds.). (1994). Interpersonal communication in older adulthood. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Find this resource:

Miller-Day, M. A. (2004). Communication among grandmothers, mothers, and adult daughters: A qualitative study of maternal relationships. New York: Routledge.Find this resource:

Nussbaum, J. F. (1989). Life-span communication: Normative processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Find this resource:

Nussbaum, J. F. (Ed.). (2015). The handbook of lifespan communication. New York: Peter Lang.Find this resource:

Nussbaum, J. F., & Coupland, J. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of communication and aging research. Routledge.Find this resource:

Nussbaum, J. F., Pecchioni, L., Robinson, J. D., & Thompson, T. (2000). Communication and aging. (2d ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Find this resource:

Pecchioni, L. L., Wright, K. B., & Nussbaum, J. F. (2005). Life-span communication. New York: Routledge.Find this resource:

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Williams, A., & Nussbaum, J. F. (2013). Intergenerational communication across the life span. New York: Routledge.Find this resource:

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Rutter, M., & Rutter, M. (1993). Developing minds: Challenges and continuity across the lifespan. New York: HarperCollins.Find this resource:

Saarni, C., Mumme, D. L., & Campos, J. J. (1998). Emotional development: Action, communication, and understanding. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (5th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 237-309). New York: Wiley.Find this resource:

Schrodt, P. (2015). Communication in postdivorce and stepfamily relationships. In L. H. Turner & R. West (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of family communication (pp. 263-276). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Find this resource:

Soliz, J., & Fowler, C. (2015). Sandwich relationships: Intergenerational communication. In J. F. Nussbaum (Ed.), The handbook of lifespan communication (pp. 293-310). New York: Peter Lang.Find this resource:

Trees, A. R. (2015). Social support processes in the family. In L. H. Turner & R. West (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of family communication (pp. 138-153). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Find this resource:

Walsh, F. (2015). Strengthening family resilience. New York: Guilford Publications.Find this resource:

Wright, K., & King, S. (2015). Adolescent online friendship and peer relationships. In J. F. Nussbaum (Ed.), The handbook of lifespan communication (pp. 195-216). New York: Peter Lang.Find this resource:

Wolke, D., Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2013). Impact of bullying in childhood on adult health, wealth, crime, and social outcomes. Psychological science, 24(10), 1958-1970.Find this resource:

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Interpersonal Communication Across the Life Span - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication

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From birth to death, our interactions with others are what inform our identity and give meaning to life. Ultimately, it is interpersonal communication that is the bedrock of wellness. Much of the scholarship on interpersonal communication places communication in the background, characterized merely as a resource, symptom, or contributing factor to change.

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Drake and Josh are no longer friends and it may ruin your childhood

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Josh did not invite Drake to his wedding.

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THEY ARE TEARING DOWN HIS FAMILYS HOME!!

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Around this time last year, Drake Bell and Josh Peck put fans of their classic Nickelodeon show, Drake & Josh, through the emotional ringer. Josh neglected to invite Drake to his wedding and Drake called him out on Twitter, forcing fans to face the possibility that their fave TV brothers weren't nearly as friendly IRL.

But, as it turns out, the reason why Drake lashed out against Josh online was not because they weren't friendly, it's because they're like actual brothers.

And apparently, Josh was the worse for the wear. In an interview with Digital Spy, Drake said, "I think it was a lot more toxic towards Josh unfortunately." He went on:

"He's like, 'Man people were yelling at me on the street! Why didn't you invite Drake to the wedding? People were yelling at me on the street.' I was like, 'Dude I'm so sorry, I didn't think it was going to be that big of a deal.'

Yikes.

"I thought it was going to be some funny 'well, guess you won't get invited to the wedding, blah, blah, blah,'" Drake said. "But I did feel bad for Josh because people really did attack him. And I'm like, 'Bro, this is a brotherly thing.'"

But Drake said they're all good now. "We talked about it and I was like, 'Dude I'm just a little bummed,' and he was like, 'Honestly, first of all I didn't think you'd wanna come, secondly, it was such a nightmare putting it all together, and scheduling and invitations, and then I just let my wife handle it all,'" he said.

Drake stopped by Seventeen.com HQ to talk about his latest television gig - competing as a celebrity on one of MTV's longest-running game shows, The Challenge: Champs vs. Stars. While he was here, we had to get the deets on his brotherly beef with Josh and see if the former co-stars are still on good terms.

"It's something you would have said to your brother if you weren't in the public eye and have a bunch of fans," Drake told Seventeen.com about calling out Josh on Twitter for not getting an invite to his wedding. "I even texted him and said it. I just wanted to make sure he got the message, you know what I mean?" he asked, laughing. "That's the only reason I went to social media with it. Because I did go to him personally and text him, 'Like, yo, bro, what the hell? I'm here, we've been talking. What's going on?'"

Drake didn't get his invite due to a simple case of Josh and his wife, Paige O'Brien, being overwhelmed with all the planning that went into putting together a wedding. "Of course, it all just comes down to, 'Do you know what it's like to plan a wedding? I've got my wife saying this! It costs this. I'm tasting whether I want chicken, or beef, or lamb! Like, I don't know! I just want to get married. So don't take it personally, but there was just a certain number of people...'"

Of course, Drake wasn't going to let Josh off the hook that easily. "I was like, 'What? One piece of chicken? One piece of chicken is gonna cost you that much more?' So we went back and forth and had our jokes and had our fun."

So, is there pressure to be perfect friends with the entire world watching every single thing they do on social media? Drake doesn't think so.

"I've known him since I was 12 or 13 years old. So, when you're going on 19 years of a relationship with someone, it's such a real and authentic and engrained relationship in my life that there's never really a point where I'm thinking we have to turn our relationship on for the cameras or we've gotta be perfect for the fans right now. We kind of are just like real brothers."

Drake even admitted that back in the day, on the set of Drake & Josh, they had the same type of relationship. "There were some days I wouldn't want to talk to Josh unless it was dialogue. Like, unless it says I have to talk to you in the script, I don't want to talk to you. Then there would be moments when we would finish a 13-hour day where we were non-stop together and we'd be walking to our cars and we'd be like, 'Hey, what are you doing right now?' 'Just going back to my house. Play some video games.' 'Okay, cool. See you in a minute.' So there's moments where we're absolutely inseparable and we think every single thing that comes out of each other's mouths is absolute genius and Josh is the most brilliant person I've ever met. Then there are times I just wanna throw him through a wall. It's just like my little brother."

The old friends were able to put everything behind them. They even filmed a hilarious vlog together to prove they're still the best of friends.

"We're such a big part of each other's lives. Like our history goes back before Drake & Josh and before The Amanda Show. I knew him before we even stepped in front of a camera together. We're always going to be brothers. But even outside this whole facade of 'Oh we're brothers,' we really are good friends. I love the guy... It really does show our relationship that we might not speak for a month or two. Literally not talking. Me thinking, 'Oh my god, he probably hates me.' But the second we're in the same room and we lock eyes, what happens? The guy kisses me on the cheek, we hug, we're like, 'Oh, I missed you bro!' The second we're in the same room, everything's back to normal."

As good as Drake and Josh are at putting the drama aside for the sake of brotherhood, the same can't be said for Drake's competitors on The Challenge: Champs vs. Stars. Drake got involved with the competition, competing alongside other celebs like Cardi B's sister Hennessy Carolina and Lil Mama, to win money for the Global Down Syndrome Foundation, but he soon learned The Challenge isn't all about physical competition.

"When you come into this experience just thinking, 'I gotta get to the top of the jungle gym first," and you're like, 'Okay, cool. Let's go.' Then realizing it's a 24-hour game and that most of the game happens outside of the physical challenges. I had no idea there was such a psychological aspect to the game," Drake said. "I had no idea there'd be undermining and people saying one thing and then going behind people's backs to benefit them. So that was pretty shocking."

Drake's strategy to get as far as possible in the game: be invisible. Well, as invisible as possible when you're the star of every girl on set's favorite teenaged show (the first thing one of Drake's fellow competitors said to him on set was, "Hug me, brotha!").

"I just stayed quiet. When the challenges came, I just did my best to not be in the bottom three," he shared. "Then when we got into the room and all the people started yelling and screaming at each other and throwing people under the bus and outing people for this and that. You know, that's when I would just lean back, take it all in, and remove myself from that aspect of it. So that was my strategy. Don't be a target."

So what can we expect next from Drake? Hopefully a Drake & Josh reboot, right? Yeah, actually - if Drake has anything to do with it, at least.

"One hundred percent, I would do it tomorrow. I would do it tonight. I would do it right now," Drake said when we asked if he was down for a Drake & Josh reboot. "I'm a freak about classic television and I'm so nostalgic and I grew up obsessing over classic television. I feel like Josh and I were able to do something, maybe not equivalent, but something that feels to me like I got to be part of a Seinfeld or a Golden Girls. A classic piece of television history."

Drake even has some ideas on where the reboot could pick up. "There's so much story to be told for our characters. Like what happened? Did Drake stay a loser and not go to college and try to become a rock star? Did Josh stay his manager or did he go off to college? There's so much story there and I feel like Josh and I still have the chemistry where it can be fresh and new and funny. I would love to be able to do that for our fans. I would love to be able to have our fans be like, 'What? Meghan's an adult now and she's still evil? She still destroying Drake and Josh's life, but from her job in Chicago?' All these crazy things I think fans would love. I've had so many funny ideas. I know that I'm 100% down to do it, I know that Dan Schneider is 100% down to do it. We just gotta convince JP."

Okay, Josh. The ball is in your court. Make it happen! But in the meantime, you can watch Drake tell his funniest and most embarrassing life stories (including his most memorable moments on the set of Drake & Josh) by clicking play above. Then catch Drake on The Challenge: Champs vs. Stars on MTV Tuesday nights at 10 p.m..
Noelle Devoe is the Entertainment Editor at Seventeen.com. Follow her on Twitter and Instagram!

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Drake Bell Says Fans Freaked Out On Josh Peck After His Wedding Snub

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Around this time last year, Drake Bell and Josh Peck put fans of their classic Nickelodeon show, Drake & Josh, through the emotional ringer. Josh neglected to invite Drake to his wedding and Drake called him out on Twitter, forcing fans to face the possibility that their fave TV brothers weren't nearly as friendly IRL.

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August 2018 has been quite a month: We met Peter Kavinsky in To All the Boys I've Loved Before, Nick Jonas and Priyanka Chopra announced their engagement, and DRAKE BELL AND JOSH PECK REUNITED TO TALK ABOUT JOSH'S BABY-TO-BE.

Last Thursday (August 23), Seventeen.com reported Josh and wife Paige O'Brien are expecting a child. Since then, Josh uploaded an A+ video to his YouTube channel that's a compilation of him telling his friends he's going to be a dad. Included among the list is his Drake & Josh co-star, Drake Bell. Can I get a hug me, brotha?!

Starting around the 11:39 mark, Drake sits down with his buddy and the duo laugh at how "old" they are (they both turn 32 this year), and toss around an amazing Drake & Josh spin-off idea.

"Will you have a kid soon so they can be friends and then have their own TV show?" Josh asked. "I'm the father. I'm the dad. It's me," he added - which then makes Walter a grandfather. *faints from nostalgia overload*

It's already decided Baby Peck will call Drake "Uncle Drake" and that Drake will teach them how to play guitar. OMG.

And because Drake and Josh clearly love us and know what we want, they gave us even MORE Drake & Josh content.

On Drake's Instagram, he uploaded a video of the duo talking about Baby Peck, then referenced the Season 1 Drake & Josh episode where the boys had to babysit their dad's boss's infant son. CLASSIC.

If you forgot that episode - first off, how dare you - here's a reminder:

But wait, there's more! On Drake's IG Stories, he and Josh sing the Drake & Josh theme song together because DREAMS DO COME TRUE. Someone needs to upload that online for posterity. Kthxbye.
Stacey Grant is the Snapchat Editor at Seventeen.com. Follow her on Twitter!

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Drake Bell and Josh Peck Reunited and Have the Perfect Idea for a "Drake & Josh" Spin-Off

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It seems like Drake Bell and Josh Peck from "Drake & Josh" are friends again! The Nickelodeon stars reunited recently to talk about Josh becoming a dad and a possible spin-off tv show, and it was all on Drake's Instagram.

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Interpersonal communication skills help you streamline the steps needed to turn goals into a reality.

Good, interpersonal communication makes tough decisions easier to resolve and helps to spark goal-oriented conversations. It also involves showing your intent verbally and visually, which makes you feel more driven (which makes you happier, even when success isn't right around the corner). Interpersonal communication involves making small, social efforts to directly affect major decisions happening in the workplace or personal life.

Read on to see just how immensely strong communicating interpersonally can impact your overall success in life!

1. Interpersonal Communication Skills Teach You To Work Smarter
Your boss cares more about visible skills than hard work.
Yes, you read that right. Hard work isn't the means to an end, it's just a means to more hard work. Be smart: work smart!

Spend your energy on a combination of high-investment tasks and interpersonal communication, and you'll see outstandingly awesome results!

A little goes a long way. This doesn't mean you can chat with everybody instead of doing your job, but it does mean your boss seeing results is just as important as making those results happen!

You'll love seeing your efforts go further and finding ways to spend that extra time you saved by utilizing these interpersonal communication tips.

Look for opportunities to show the team your worth. When someone drops the ball and you want more responsibility, go for it! When it goes great, talk to the boss about interest in similar future opportunities. If the opportunity is more work than it's worth, just do a stellar job on something you're already working on and put your name on it.

Dale Carnegie Training offers corporate solutions to use your emotional intelligence when seeking growth or leadership opportunities.

2. You'll Have More Friends

If you want high-level rewards, it's good to show a healthy amount of confidence and exchange thoughts over lunch.

Maybe Judy annoys the you-know-what out of you, but if you bring up something you like talking about, it'll be a subtle Alpha moment and will improve your end-of-day mood (and, accordingly, your mood the next day, and so on).

Furthermore, a lot of ladder-climbing happens outside the workplace. There is a classic episode of FRIENDS where one of the female leads, Rachel, pretends she is a smoker in order to be involved in decision-making happening outside the office doors with higher-ups who frequently smoke at work; this is a great example and leveraging interpersonal communication skills.

Now, we certainly wouldn't suggest harming your body, in any way, to achieve better interpersonal communication skill s, but you can use your breaks, lunches, happy hours, and team-building sessions to collaborate and grow your reputation. Simply initiate conversation or invite a few like-minded individuals to a happy hour, perhaps making it a weekly thing.

Don't bring up work too often, but subtly weave ideas into conversation while being sure to ask your coworkers questions. This will spark interest. Also talk about what you like to do outside of work: this is a surprisingly effective way to spark new ideas and build networks you'll need for projects down the road.

The Feminine Collective shares some ways interpersonal communication affects your relationships at work and at home.

3. Better Interpersonal Communication Leads To Higher Pay
Having good interpersonal communication skills shows your personal investment in the company.

You have to utilize strong interpersonal communication skills to build lasting relationships with coworkers and clients. Most jobs have regular reviews of employee work, and bosses use your interpersonal communication skills to get a better picture of what you're like as an employee. . . and good employees are expected to possess soft skills (as well as meeting job requirements).

You also show the ole' boss how invested you are in your future there. People who lack interest and drive tend to display worse soft skills, and communicating interpersonally is a critical soft skill.

When review time comes, good communication skills will help you show what a great job you've done, and can turn a bad review into an interview for a promotion!

Also, hard work and good communication will show everyone you work with that you're interested in your work life and in the company.

4. Interpersonal Communication Skills Leave a Strong First Impression
Strong interpersonal communication is an interview 'win.'
A strong first impression will affect your job and your ability to achieve general goals for years to come. A smile, strong handshake, statement of introduction, and a display of interest all tell people more than an interview could.

. talks more about the importance of building relationships and managing them in the workplace.

In fact, it helps to think of an interview, or a similar encounter, as a first date. The other person is deciding what you can offer them long-term and every bit of body language and verbiage affects their expectations positively or negatively. Beyond that, you can still prove a lot more, but many recruiters say this is most important.

These skills will make people fall in love with you.

Studies show that people who have satisfying relationships have strong communication skills and are more likely to gain leadership roles. This means you are letting your best qualities shine without hesitation when you interact with others.

Are you currently single and thinking, "what about me?"

That's okay, you don't have to be in a relationship to make people love you or climb the ladder. There are many other kinds of relationships you can create and use for networking without a romantic partner. Practicing introductions and collaborations in and outside the workplace works both your hard and soft skills, which comes through in an interview or any setting.

Eye contact and the right hello can help you find love AND success?! The only thing you have to lose is a great opportunity.

5. They Help You Feel Happier About Work

We all know bad days are inevitable, but that doesn't mean you have to be miserable all the time.

Climbing the corporate ladder, or becoming a business owner, means taking a lot of time to build and combine experience and communication.

Research shows that, even if you don't love your job or the people you work with, talking to them will make you feel better, overall, about it. This is due to our brains being hardwired to pair up and find a tribe.

We also instinctively explore our power and role in a group when using interpersonal communication skills. When you go home each day, you will note your daily victories in the direction of those conversations.

Are you feeling unhappy at work, despite trying these interpersonal communication tips?

Your strong communication can help you see which relationships (or jobs) are most likely to change your life for the better. You might have to simply put clues together, seeing that your boss doesn't reward these skills as heavily as a friend's boss at a similar job.

If this is the case, don't stay stuck. Use your skills to find a job or career that you deserve.

Looking for more exceptional tips on how to communicate effectively and better connect with others? Check out this game-changing video by the brilliant Doc Barham:
Unlock 4 secrets to powerful communication with Lisa Nichols - whether you're talking to your spouse or giving that big speech. Sign up for this FREE Masterclass below:
Have you noticed any other ways in which interpersonal communication skills have improved your life?

Share with us in the comment seciton below!

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5 Ways Interpersonal Communication Skills Will Change Your Life - Mindvalley Blog

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Interpersonal communication skills help you streamline the steps needed to turn goals into a reality. Good, interpersonal communication makes tough decisions easier to resolve and helps to spark goal-oriented conversations. It also involves showing your intent verbally and visually, which makes you feel more driven (which makes you happier, even when success isn't right around the corner).

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Develop your interpersonal communication skills. Learn about the communication processes and how to develop your verbal, nonverbal, listening and other skills.

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Drake Bell spoke to Digital Spy and revealed that both Josh Peck and himself are interested in a Drake and Josh revival and Josh has come up with some really clever ideas for the revival.

HUG ME, BROTHA! Drake Bell and Josh Peck are interested in a Drake and Josh revival! This is pretty cool to hear. Drake told Digital Spy last month that any chance for Josh and him to get back together would be awesome.

This is great news! Who didn't love the show? Especially Megan who always pranked her brothers. They always fell for it, because they're well...idiots. But regardless, we loved them. Megan was always the bright one. She always got away with things. She looked so innocent to her parents. Drake Bell and Josh Peck have fantastic chemistry which is what made the show so great.

The two actors did go through a rough patch back in June 2017 when Drake wasn't invited to Josh's wedding, and did not take it well. Drama unfolded on Twitter with Drake feeling hurt calling Josh out about it.

It turns out, Josh let his wife handle the scheduling and invitations, so it was an accident that Drake wasn't invited. They worked it out afterwards and they're on good terms.

There's no drama anymore and now they're interested in a Drake and Josh revival. Drake told Digital Spy that Josh has come up with some really, really clever ideas:

"They're so good. I mean I can't say any of them because if they actually happen I want them to be a surprise. But Josh has come up with some really great ideas."

"If we could find it in our schedules, because I'm always touring and he's always doing his thing. If we can find the time in our schedule and the stars align, I think we have the greatest... I think we have a really clever and great idea to come back."

Additionally, Drake was thinking of what his character is up nowadays, commenting that he's still living at home and Josh probably went off and got a great job and is probably managing some artist. He's not fully sure what they would be up too.

Either way - I just want a revival of some kind. And Megan would have to return or it just wouldn't feel the same without her. Plus, we need Drake and Josh to shout "Megan!" every episode, or it just wouldn't feel right.

Although, I think it would be kind of weird having two grown up brothers living with a grown up sister in the same household. I think one of them would be married, so now that I think about it, I'm not so sure having them all live together would be a good idea.
What do you guys think about a Drake and Josh revival? Share us your thoughts and ideas of what a potential revival in the comment section below!

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Drake Bell and Josh Peck are interested in a Drake and Josh revival

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HUG ME, BROTHA! Drake Bell and Josh Peck are interested in a Drake and Josh revival! This is pretty cool to hear. Drake told Digital Spy last month that any chance for Josh and him to get back together would be awesome. This is great news! Who didn't love the show?

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The official nick.com site with all your favorite episodes, games, clips, playlists & pictures from shows like SpongeBob Squarepants, Sam & Cat, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and more. Explore now!

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Drake & Josh (TV Series 2004–2007) - IMDb

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Drake & Josh: Created by Dan Schneider. With Drake Bell, Josh Peck, Miranda Cosgrove, Nancy Sullivan. Two teenagers become step brothers. One is an awkward geek and the other is a popular musician.

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"Drake & Josh" Josh Runs Into Oprah (TV Episode 2006)

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Directed by Roger Christiansen. With Drake Bell, Josh Peck, Nancy Sullivan, Jonathan Goldstein. After Drake forgets Josh's birthday he tries to make it up to him by taking him to a live taping of "Oprah"

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Interpersonal Communications Skills Test | Psychology Today

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Check your communication skills with the Interpersonal Communication Skills Test! Effective communication skills and soft skills are transferable skills, important in any interpersonal communication.

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Drake and Josh Josh runs into Oprah HD (Widescreen)