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It is a style of writing that used fears, death, horror to provoke the readers' emotions. It is also known as dark literature because it focuses on human's destruction, punishment and the psychological effects of guilt and sin. The main theme of Gothic literature is very dark, supernaturals beings and romance.
Edgar Allan Poe made his name by his tales of poems of horror, for example: "The Fall of The House of Usher".
Another famous writer is Ann Radcliffe who stands out from the others because of her ability to infuses scenes of terror

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The Romantic Period in America took place from 1800-1860. Romanticists believed that unlike rationalism, they valued feelings over reason and logic, power of imagination and beauty of the natural world. They also believed that imagination was able to discover the truths that the rational mind couldn't reach. Authors from this time period were mainly focused on new themes. Americans worked solidly on European traditions when writing poems.

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Kennedy, Patrick, "Gothic Literature",  ThoughtCo., November 4,2018, https://www.thoughtco.com/gothic-literature-2207825

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Transcendentalism was a philosophical social movement in England in the mid 1800s. It taught that divinity pervades all of nature and humanity. It is the same as romanticism because they both believed that each individual person has the power inside themselves to find their true natural power and beauty. However, it is also different because transcendentalists believed that God was an internal force and his creations had a ''divine spark''. Romanticists believed that there was an inherent darkness in human nature and also didn't believe in God as strongly as transcendentalists

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Transcendentalism were against with the idea of Puritanism and the Age of Reasoning. Also, they disagreed with the conformity of America society, materialism and rationalism.
Ralph Waldo Emerson is considered the founder of the Transcendentalism movement because of his book, "Nature" and his study in philosophy and literature. Another important figure in Transcendentalism movement is Henry David Thoreau. He wrote many essays include "Walden" which discussed the moral acts of government and the desire to live. He lived his life as a transcendentalism.

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Winston, Kimberly, "

What is Transcendentalism?" Religion News Service, July 12, 2017, https://religionnews.com/2017/07/12/the-splainer-what-is-transcendentalism/