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social groups in American effect the ways we speak

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Mitchell <3 Zion

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teachers need to do more to help teens with code switching (choice with projects to do graphic novels so they can embrace their digital code)

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Deucher - language needs to die to evolve

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Paul Kerswell - standard english is that should be taught in school - gives students the best chance in the future

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Paul Kerswell - standard english is that should be taught in school - gives students the best chance in the future

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wave theory - those closest to London more likely to use overt prestige

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Lee- dialect is going into written English

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New york study - Macy's, Saks and  S.Kleins. all differentiate in the way use language. Rhotic R vs Non Rhotic

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Parkinson- people reject a Standard English for their own dialect for cultural identity

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Adults sometimes try and converge with younger generations by using slang in an attempt to help teens relate more. 

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Adults sometimes try and converge with younger generations by using slang in an attempt to help teens relate more. 

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The standard form of a language arises from the most economically prosperous area. Presents how the desirability of language can shift and presents the link between changing register and setting as financially motivated.

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Zion

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Reflective code switching (teens are naturally doing it without realising) - Martha's Vinyard

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Reflective code switching (teens are naturally doing it without realising) - Martha's Vinyard

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covert prestige is used for regional news, overt and more local dialects used for national news

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Trudgill - Norwich study on the substitution of ng with nasal n

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Grice's Maxims- Quality, Manner

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schools need to acknowledge that students want to have ownership of narrative

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change from above (intentional) and below (unintentional)

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We are more likely to use an covert prestige in our friendship groups or family circles. The informality conveys that we are comfortable. 

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We are more likely to use an covert prestige in our friendship groups or family circles. The informality conveys that we are comfortable. 

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1467 - Caxton chose the SE accent as the norm selection/standard accent due to it being the one of business and trade

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1467 - Caxton chose the SE accent as the norm selection/standard accent due to it being the one of business and trade

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Men use more female features of language in court when they predominately use a covert prestige

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Men use more female features of language in court when they predominately use a covert prestige

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Trudgill - Norwich study - men maintain a covert prestige and a sense of masculinity whilst the female remained overt

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Men - covert

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Preserves the exclusivity and desirability of accent.

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Jenny Chesshire - 80% of teens deviate from the norm 

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Jenny Chesshire - 80% of teens deviate from the norm 

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Crystal - teens use non-standard when texting, but know to code switch when they need to.

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Swales - discourse community, in order to work towards goals most effectively in the workplace 

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Swales - discourse community, in order to work towards goals most effectively in the workplace 

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Job interview - you’re going to use Overt

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Job interview - you’re going to use Overt

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With Friends - Covert, more comfortable with them and you’ll be in a less important situation

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80% of employers judge on accent

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Elaborated VS Restricted codes - Bernstein

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Elaborated VS Restricted codes - Bernstein

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teens are living in a new presentist, non linear narrative yet schools function in a linear fashion 

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teens are living in a new presentist, non linear narrative yet schools function in a linear fashion 

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We code switch from young ages in an attempt to diverge from the teachers and create a language between peers that is difficult to be understood by adults. We also didn't want to speak like our teachers

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We code switch from young ages in an attempt to diverge from the teachers and create a language between peers that is difficult to be understood by adults. We also didn't want to speak like our teachers

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function over form- abbreviations, clipping.

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can use both - Eleanor Harding, oxford interview

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Jean Atchsion - preserving language from decaying/degrading. The idea that code switching is occurring and 'proper' language is decaying due to the influence of technology and online media presence, teens are diverging away from the standard english

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When and why we use formal lexis (inc studies for AO2)

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When and why we use formal lexis (inc studies for AO2)

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When and why we use informal register and colloquialisms (inc studies for AO2)

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When and why we use informal register and colloquialisms (inc studies for AO2)