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Justinian was the ruler of Rome from 527 to 565. He and his wife, Theodora, are widely credited in modern day society for the advancement of women's rights.

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Charlemagne was the King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early post classical era.

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Charles Martel was a Frankish statesman and military leader who was the Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace. The battle of tours was led by this man- the battle being a defense against the Muslim empire into Western Europe.

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Kievan Rus' was a loose federation of East Slavic and Finnic peoples in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Varangian Rurik dynasty.

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The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture.

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Caliphates were basically states of the Islamic empire while it was at its peak and later on would suffer from political unrest between said caliphates.

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The Franks were a collection of Germanic peoples, whose name was first mentioned in 3rd century Roman sources, associated with tribes on the Lower and Middle Rhine, on the edge of the Roman Empire. They were a dominant group of people, with a long history of successful conquests.

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The Mayans were an old Mesoamerican civilization that were founded around 1800 BC and disappeared around 250 AD. They are mostly known for their sacrificial temples and their unique architecture and the only writing system in america before Columbus.

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One of the biggest innovations from the post classical era was the practice of mass farming and using slave labor to do so. This practice would affect us for the next thousands of years to come.

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All throughout history, women have been looked down upon and treated as inferior when compared to men. One example of this is in ancient China, women would wear shoes so tight it would break their bones and reform their feet. This was called footbinding.

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One great example of cultural diffusion that happened in the post classical era is Islam and how fast it spread due to trade routes and conquering.

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Islamic art was very pattern-based and intricate; In Greece they made calligraphy which is now referred to as cursive; and the Mayans made the Mayan Glyphs- a writing system much like the Egyptians' hieroglyphics.

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There was also Buddhist architecture, which was mainly temples and large homes, and Russian and Byzantine architecture, which mainly consisted of lavish palaces and buildings.

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Gothic architecture was based on Romanesque architecture and was usually very large and used for many churches and cathedrals.

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Buddhism, a religion based on achieving nirvana and harmony, first appeared in ancient India by Prince Siddhartha after he had achieved enlightenment.

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A Civil Service Exam would be an exam done by officials to the people in order to find one most worthy of a vacant political role. An example of a civilization that used this would be ancient China, more accurately during the Qing dynasty.

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Feudalism was a form of society that consisted of social "roles" one would identify as; the highest "role" being, for example, a king, and the lowest being a peasant or slave.

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Some empires were literally controlled by said religions, such as Islam, a religion which controlled most of modern day syria

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Two of the most important law codes we learned were the byzantine code and the  Sharia, a law code formed from the Koran and from the teachings of Mohammed.

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Islam was one of the fastest growing religions, being spread by traders and the relentless conquests of Mohammed. Eventually, the religion split in two, leaving the Ali-following Sunni and the more conformist Shia apart.

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The catholic religion is a religion founded in the Roman empire in Judea, a Roman province. It started as a small society of people with the same ideals and soon evolved into Rome's official religion.

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Created by the Greeks, Orthodox Christianity is based on the same moral and spiritual values as Christianity, but their communal values differ.